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Short Introduction to Surahs: Surah al-Baqarah ALI 337 Winter 2016 Rabi al-Awwal 1437 January 2016 Sayyid Sameer Ali ALI 337: Intro to Surah al-Baqarah 1

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Short Introduction to Surahs:Surah al-Baqarah

ALI 337 Winter 2016Rabi al-Awwal 1437

January 2016Sayyid Sameer Ali

ALI 337: Intro to Surah al-Baqarah 1

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Introduction to Course• Purpose: To gain familiarity with the

contextual history of the Surahs of the Qur’an. To study particular verses of the Qur’an from given surahs.

• Goals: To understand relevant verses in our own personal and social context and to reflect on them.

• Outcomes: An intimacy with the Qur’an and daily and regular practice of reflecting on verses. Familiarity with Arabic.

• Sources: Tafsir al-Amthal of Ayt. Makarem-Shirazi, Tafhim al-Qur’an of Mawdudi, Mir Ahmed Ali, & various Shi’a Tafasir

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Context of Revelation• Revealed in the first two years of the Hijrah in the

city of Madinah. Contains regular features of Madani Surahs, including reference to the Jews, Christians, the people of the book, and the unschooled Bedouin Arabs.

• Severe against the Jewish community which held intellectual dominance in Madinah and presented a great challenge to Islam initially. Bani Israel are addressed directly. Nabi Musa is mentioned the most, along with Nabi Isa.

• Contains general concepts of tawhid, nubuwwah, aqeedah, akhirah, and purpose of mankind.

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Naming of the Surah• Named after the event of the Cow in verses 67-

73.

• Background: Nabi Musa*pious man leaves a calf for his son*calf lives in wilderness*a rich man is killed by his nephew*Nabi Musa commands cow to be slaughtered and placed on dead body*BaniIsrael are reluctant and question authority*find orphan’s cow and offer gold*cow’s tongue in placed on dead man who rises, points to his murderer, and dies*

• Reflection: miracles of God*obedience to Divine authority*concept of Raj’ah in this world.

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Virtues of the Surah• Surah al-Baqarah contains some of the greatest verses

from the Quran. The Prophet of Allah (s) was asked ‘which Surah is the best’ and he replied ‘al-Baqarah’ and again ‘which verse is the best?’ and he replied ‘Ayat al-Kursi’.

• Imam al-Sadiq (a) said ‘everything has a peak and the peak of the Quran is Ayat al-Kursi. Whoever recites it when he leaves home will be protected’. Ayat al-Kursi is verse 255 of this Surah and described the greatness of Allah swt and it is the verse of the Throne, which is a symbol for His power and authority and knowledge that extends across the Heavens and the Earth.

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Benefits of Reciting the Surah

• Reward of Worship: ‘whoever recites Surah al-Fatiha and the last verses of Surah al-Baqarah at bedtime will receive the reward of staying up at night in worship of Allah’

• Safety: ‘whoever recites the first 4 verses of this Surah, Ayat al-Kursi& the following 2 verses, and the last 3 verses of this Surah will never see anything unpleasant for his wealth & family & Shaytanwill be removed from him’.

• Safety while traveling: Zurarah relates from Imam al-Baqir (a) that If we recite this verse when we sleep and when we travel, our neighbors are also protected along with our homes.

• Also recommended to recite Ayat al-Kursi in sajdah, and in the sajdah after the completion of salat. The reciter recieves the reward of all the Anbiya for this act of worship.

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Verses 1-20: faith

ة هم نزل من قبلك وباآلخر والذين يؤمنون بما أنزل إليك وما أ 3يوقنون

وب 8ين بمؤمناليوم اآلخر وما هم ومن الناس من يقول آمنا بالل

11مصلنون نما ننن وإذا قيل لهم ال تفسدوا في األرض قالوا إ

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Verses 21-29: Submission

لعلكم قكم والذين من قبلكماي أي ها الناس اعبدوا ربكم الذي خل •21ت تقون

يييكم ث إليه أحياكم ث ييتكم ث تكفرون بلل وكنتم أمواتا ف كيف •28ترجعون

ء ث استوى إل السماالذي خلق لكم ما ف األرض جيعااهو •29عليم شيء فسواهن سبع ساوات وهو بكل

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Verses 30-39: Story of Adam

الئكة فقال أنب وعلم آدم األساء كلها ث عرضه •ئوين بساء م على امل

31صادقي هؤالء إن كنتم كب ر دوا إال إبليس أىب واست قلنا للمالئكة اسجدوا لدم فسج وإذ •

34الكافرين وكان من ومتاع ولكم ف األرض مست قر وقلنا اهبطوا بعضكم لبعض عدو •

36حي إل

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Verses 40-120: Bani Israel

أوف مت عليكم وأوفوا بعهدياي بين إسرائيل اذكروا نعمت الت أنع •40فارهبون بعهدكم وإايي

مصدقاا لما له على قلبك بذن الل من كان عدوا لربيل فإنه ن ز قل •97للمؤمني بي يديه وهداى وبشرى

بدل وسى من قبل ومن ي ت تريدون أن تسألوا رسولكم كما سئل مأم •108ل السبيالكفر بإليان ف قد ضل سواء

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Verses 121-141: the Kaaba

به ومن الوته أولئك يؤمنون الذين آتيناهم الكتاب يتلونه حق ت •121اخلاسرون يكفر به فأولئك هم

ذوا من مقام إبراهيم جعلنا البيت مثابةا للناس وأمنا وإذ • مصلى ا واتر اكفي ا بيت للطائفي والعوعهدان إل إبراهيم وإساعيل أن طه

125السجود والركع نا إنك وإساعيل ربنا ت قبل م يرفع إبراهيم القواعد من البيت وإذ •

127العليم أنت السميع

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Verses 142-152: Interfaith Relations

ليها قل ن قبلتهم الت كانوا ع سيقول السفهاء من الناس ما والهم ع •غرب يهدي من يشا

شرق وامل

142ء إل صراط مستقيم لل امل

سجد احلرام وح ف ول •كم يث ما كنتم ف ولوا وجوه وجهك شطر امل

144شطره

ريقاا منهم عرفون أبناءهم وإن ف الذين آتيناهم الكتاب يعرفونه كما ي •146يعلمون ليكتمون احلق وهم

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Verses 153-251: The Law

153رين الصاب صالة إن الل مع اي أي ها الذين آمنوا استعينوا بلصرب وال•روة من شعائر ن •

158الل الصفا وامل

باا وال ت تبعوا خطوات أي ها الناس كلوا ما ف األرض حالالا طي اي •168الشيطان

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Verses 252-260: the Prophets

ك الرسل فضلنا بعضهم على بعض • ورفع منهم من كلم اللبروح الب ينات وأيدانه بعضهم درجات وآتينا عيسى ابن مري

253القدس

• Ayat al-Kursi verse 255; some traditions include 256 and 257.

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Verses 261-283: Spend for God

وا منا وال ث ال يتبعون ما أنفقالذين ينفقون أموالم ف سبيل الل •262يزنون عليهم وال هم أذاى لم أجرهم عند ربم وال خوف

غ معروف ومغفرة خري من صدقة ي قول • ين تب عها أذاى والل263حليم

سبت وهم ال ث ت وف كل نفس ما ك يوماا ترجعون فيه إل الل واتقوا •281يظلمون

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Verses 284-286: Faith

ؤمنون كل آمن بلل آمن الرسول با أنزل إليه من ربه • ومالئكته وامل

عنا و وكتبه ورسله ال ن فرق بي أ أطعنا حد من رسله وقالوا سصري غفرانك ربنا وإليك

286امل

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