Significant Battles of the Civil War

8/2/2019 Significant Battles of the Civil War

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Significant Battles of the CivilWarU.S. History

2/22/12



Fort Sumter (SC) • This battle started on April 10, 1861 • Fort Sumpter was the opening battle of the Civil War• Brig Gen. Beauregard was in comand of the Confederate

side located in Charleston • SC wanted the surender of the Union garrison of Fort

Sumter in Charleston • April 12 Confederate opened fire on the fort which could

react accordingly • On April 13 Mager Anderson surrendered Fort Sumter and

evacuated the garrison the next day

• This battle had no casualties except on the forts evacuationday when a cannon misfired

• The battle fo Fort Sumter was important becaue it was theopening battle of the Civil War





Bull Run/Manassas (VA) First Battle of Bull Run: • The reason for the name "Bull

Run" was because the• Union pushed the Confederate's

back behind a stream named Bull

Run. • First major battle of the War • Union won; but it was clear the

North needed a large, well trained

army to defeat the South

• After this battle, recruitment officesand training camps were filled withmen who wanted to enlist.



Bull Run/Manassas (VA)Second Battle at Bull Run: • August 28-30, 1862

• Called Manassas because

the battle was fought nearthe Manassas Junction

• South forced North to

retreat• This left the Confederate's

forces only 20 miles fromWashington

• After that, Lee's(Confederacy) forces hadcrossed into Maryland andbegan an invasion of theNorth







Antietam/Sharpesburg (MD) On September 16, Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan confronted Lee’s Army of Northern

Virginia at Sharpsburg, Maryland. At dawn September 17, Hooker’s corps mounted apowerful assault on Lee’s left flank that began the single bloodiest day in Americanmilitary history. Attacks and counterattacks swept across Miller’s cornfield and fightingswirled around the Dunker Church. Union assaults against the Sunken Road eventuallypierced the Confederate center, but the Federal advantage was not followed up. Late inthe day, Burnside’s corps finally got into action, crossing the stone bridge over AntietamCreek and rolling up the Confederate right. At a crucial moment, A.P. Hill’s division arrived

from Harpers Ferry and counterattacked, driving back Burnside and saving the day.Although outnumbered two-to-one, Lee committed his entire force, while McClellan sent inless than three-quarters of his army, enabling Lee to fight the Federals to a standstill.During the night, both armies consolidated their lines. In spite of crippling casualties, Leecontinued to skirmish with McClellan throughout the 18th, while removing his woundedsouth of the river. McClellan did not renew the assaults. After dark, Lee ordered the

battered Army of Northern Virginia to withdraw across the Potomac into the Shenandoah Valley.





Vicksburg (TN) Vicksburg was located on the east bank of The Mississippi River. Granttried to approach from the north, but couldn't get through due to aheavy concentration of vegetation and trees. He decided to moveacross the river to the west bank and then march south. He was thengoing to attack from the south. In order to distract the confederates,Grant sent 1,700 troops on a cavalry raid through Mississippi. BenjaminGrierson was ordered to do so. They marched into Vicksburg, wherehis troops searched for food. They captured Jackson before they wentto capture Vicksburg. At first, Grant and his troops afflicted quite a lot ofcasualties and were successful. Grant launched two assaults in May

1863, but the city's defenders inflicted high casualties. Grant realizedthat the only way to take the city was to take it under siege (cut off itsfood supplies and bombard the city). On July 4th, 1863, theConfederate commander at Vicksburg surrendered. The Union victorycut the Confederacy in two.

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Gettysburg (PA)

-Pennsylvania -First day confederates fail to gain the hill and are on the ridge -Second day they fail to take the hill yet again confederacy forced to withdraw -Tide of war changes to north Gettysburg Address -Defines that we are a union of people not a set of states -Settled issues of nullification, states rights, slavery, and the debate about a nation of people united or a setof states.



Atlanta (GA)

Atlanta founded in 1837 as a railway center for northwesternGeorgiaUnion victory There was 12,140 deaths of which 8,499 were union soldiersFought July 22nd 1864 Units involved for the union was the military unit ofthe Mississippi, and for confederate was the armyof Tennessee.

general william sherman (for union)general John hood (for confederate)



Appomattox Courthouse (VA)

The Appomattox courthouse is important because it waswhere the last official battle of the civil war took place. Thepeace treaty was signed where Robert E. Lee surrenderedGrant. This occurred in the McLean house.

Documents

Significant Battles of the Civil War