Sindromul Diareic La Caini Si Pisici

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Incidence and treatment of the diarrhoeic syndrome withparasite aetiology in dogs and cats.

Incidena i terapia n sindromul diareic cu etiologie parazitar la cini i pisici.

A!stract

The investigations were carried out on a number of 153 dogs and 23 cats from different

breeds and ages with a diarrhoea syndrome after a long therapy with antibiotics. Faecal

examinations point out infestations with species of protozoa and nematodes correlated with age of

animals. nfestations with sosporasp. were diagnosed in !".5 # from examined dogs and in 3$.!

# from cats registered only in puppies.

ncidence of infestations with %iardia sp. were recorded in 15.& # dogs from which '3.3

# in puppies and 2&.$' # in young cat s. The incidence of infestation with Toxocara canis was

2'.( # in dogs from which '1)' # in puppies and with Toxocara cati21.( # in cats from which &$# in young cats. nfestations with *ncylostomidae where diagnosed in 1'.3 # dogs from which

53.5 # in puppies and '.& # in young cats. nfestations with Trichocephalus where registered only

in dogs with an incidence of 11.(# from which &1.1 # in adults.

The control of infestations with sospora sp. was carried out with +ltrasol 2$ ,3$mg-g

i.m. for 3 days running with "& # efficacy. nfestations with %iardia sp. where carried out with

Flagyl administrated orally for & days running with 3$ ,!$mg-g registered '5 # efficacy. The

control of infestations with nematodes was carried out with usual antihelminthics and registered

an entirely efficacy after 1$ days.

"ey words/ protozoas) nematodes) dogs) cats) incidence) therapy.

Introduction

The diarrhoeic syndrome in pets is a fre0uent disorder observed mainly in young animals &.The treatment uses a range of antibiotics but the cure is not always 1$$# because the syndromes

aetiology may also involve parasitic agents protozoa and helminths. The determination of thepolyfactorial aetiology of the diarrhoeic syndrome re0uires the identification of the endoparasites

species in laboratory. 4innaarn .6. et al. ' investigated 1&! pet dogs and reported ''#incidence of infestation with *ncylostoma caninum, 3 with Toxocara canis) "# withToxascaris leonina and with Trichocephalus vulpis. The authors mentioned the zoonoticpotential of these nematoda species. 7ore8s 9.) ondela :.5 reported a 53.2# incidence of

infestation with %iardia in puppets aged &,12 wee;s) 3.!# in adult male dogs and (# in bitches.< =orcain >. ( investigated 35$ dogs and '1 cats and reported *scaridaeinfection in '2. of

the puppies aged 3,& months and in !2# of the young cats. %onenc *. ?i col.3 used @rontalplus in *scaridae infections in dogs and reported 1$$# efficacy.

#aterial and methods

The investigations were conducted within the clinic of the Faculty of Aeterinary 4edicine)

Bpiru 7aret +niversity) during February 2$$& / Cune 2$$() on 153 dogs and 23 cats of variousbreeds and ages. The animals displayed a persistent diarrhoeic syndrome after long,term

medication with antibiotics. The laboratory investigations were conducted by direct examination

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of the coprologic samples) using warm saline to detect %iardia trophosoits. e also used illis

and 4c. 4aster ovohelminthoscopic flotation techni0ues. The incidence of endoparasiteinfestations was determined by age category. Treatment of sospora infestations was done with +ltrasol) 2$ / 3$ mg -;g) 4) for 3consecutive days. %iardia infestations were treated with Flagyl) 3$ / !$ mg-;g. per os) for & days.

Toxocarosisand ancylostomosis were treated with @rontal plus) Destal plus or >ratel) per os) inusual doses.Trichocephalus vulpis infestations were treated with Triantelm or >arata;) per os) inusual doses.

$esults and discussions

The coproscopic revealed infestations with protozoa and nematodes correlated with petsage. Table 1 displays the incidence of sospora sp.) infestations showing (& positive cases !".&

# in the examined dogs) 1$$ # in the puppies. ositive

cases

>ercentage oungs *dults

6r. # 6r. # @ogs 153 (& !".& (& 1$$ , ,

Dats 23 ( 3$.! ( 1$$ , ,

Total 1(& '3 !(.1 '3 1$$ , ,

4itchell B.4. et al." conducted in 2$$( experiments of :eagle bitches aged & / 'wee;s infested with 5 x 1$!sospora canis oocysts and observed the start of the syndrome " / 11

days after infestation) with a patience of ( / 1' days. The authors concluded that sospora canismay be the main cause for the diarrhoeic syndrome in puppies.

>apazahariadon 4. et al. 1$ observed in 2$$( a 3." # incidence of the sospora sp.

infestation in the coprologic examination of 2'1 puppies.


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The incidence of %iardia infestation is as followsG of 153 examined dogs) 2! 15.

were infested with %iardia canis) of which '3.3# were puppies and 1&. were adult dogs. ositive

cases

*ge 1,3 months *ge !,( months *ge ',1$ months

6r. # 6r. # 6r. # @ogs 2$ 15 (5)$ ! 2$)$ 1 5)$

Dats & ! &&)& 1 1&)& 1 1&)&

Total 2& 1" (3)$ 5 1")2 2 ()&

7eusinger *.! reported in 2$$( a 21# incidence of %iardia sp. infestations in dogs)

determined by E=B* on 3""" coprology samples.

>apazahariadon 4. et al. 1$ reported a !.3 # incidence of %iardia canis infestations in

2'1 examined coprology samples. @iaz A. et al. 1 published in 1""& the results of the

epidemiological study of giradiosis in dogs conducted by coproscopy examination and on the

samples of matter curetted from the duodenum from slaughtered animals and from corpses.

The incidence of %iardia infestation was 21."# in puppies aged a few months and

1$.'# in adult dogs.

Toxocara canis infections was observed in 2'.(# of the examined dogs) of which '1.'#

in puppies and 1'.1# in adult dogs. Five cats 21.(# showed Toxocara canis infections) &$.$#

in ;ittens and !$.$# in adult cats.Table 5

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Table 5 Incidence of &o'ocarasp. infestations

BpeciesExamined

animals

>ositive

cases

>ercen

toungs *dults

6r. # 6r. #

@ogs 153 !! 2'.( 3& '1.' ' 1'.1

Dats 23 5 21.( 3 &$.$ 2 !$.$

Total 1(& !" 2(.' 3" (".5 1$ 2$.!

Cacob 7.T. et al. & surveyed in 2$$( the prevalence of gastrointestinal infections with

nematodes in dogs) determined by coprologic examination and necropsy. The incidence of

Toxocara canis infestation was 21.$#) of *ncylostoma caninum infestation was 32.$# and ofTrichocephalus vulpis was 3.$#.

>apazahariadon 4 et al. 1$ diagnosed a 12.'# prevalence of Toxocara canis

infestation) 1". for Trichocephalus vulpis) 2.'# for *ncylostoma caninum and $-(# for

Toxascaris leonine.

El. 4em8a;ie B. 4 et al. 2 conducted investigations on the importance of the Toxocara

species to the public health. The authors mention the zoonotic character of Toxocara infestations

in the carnivore pets and its implication to the health state of the children. The incidence of

Toxocara infestations was 1!. of the dogs and 5.2# in cats. The presence of adult ascarids

was observed in 1'.(# of the slaughtered dogs and in (.!# of the cats. The authors verified the

destructive effect of ! chemical disinfectants on Toxocara eggs and noticed that 5# ammonia is

the most efficient) followed by the phenolic acid) formaldehyde and betadine solution.


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The incidence of Trichocephalus vulpis infestation in dogs was 11.(#) of which 3'.'# in

puppies and &1.1# in adult animals. 6r. Trichocephalus vulpis infestation was observed in the

examined cats.Table (

Table (

Incidence of &richocephalus (ulpis infestations

BpeciesExamined

animals

>ositive

cases

>ercent

#oungs *dults

6r # 6r. #

@ogs 153 1' 11.( ( 3'.' 11 &1.1

Dats 23 , , , , , ,

Total 1(& 1' 1$.2 ( 3'.' 11 &1.1

sospora sp. infestations were treated with +ltrasol) 2$ / 3$ mg - ;g) 4) for 3 days.

The treatment conducted on !& puppies with infestations cured !! of the animals "5.

efficacy. %iardia sp. infestations were treated with Flagyl) 3$ / !$ mg - ;g. per os) for & days)

with an efficacy of '5# Table '.

Table ' &herapeutic aspects in protosoosis

@isease=evel of infection,% *nimals Effica

cy

# before after treated cured

treatement

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sosporosis 15$,15$$ $,1$$ !& !! "5)&

%iardiosis HHHH H ,, HH 2$ 1( '5)$

6ematodes infestation was treated in digs as followsG Toxocara and *ncylostomainfestations were treated with one of the following drugs) @rontal plus Destal plus or >ratel) in the

usual dozes) with 1$$# efficacy. Trichocephalus vulpis infestations in dogs were treated with

Triantelm or >arata;) per os) in the usual dozes) with 1$$# efficacy Table ".

Table "

&herapeutic aspects in nematodes infestations

@isease=evel of infection,% *nimals Effica

cy

# before after treated cured

treatementToxocarosis 5$,15$$ $ 3& 3& 1$$

*ncylostomosis 1$$,1&5$ $ 2' 2' 1$$

Tricocephalosis 5$,2$$$ $ 1' 1' 1$$

Conclusions

1. The incidence of sospora sp. infestation was 5(.1 # in puppies and 3$.! # in ;ittens.

2. The prevalence of %iardia sp. infestation was 11.( # in dogs and 2&.$' # in ;ittens.

3. The incidence of Toxocarasp. infestation was 2'.( # in dogs and 21.( # in cats.

4. The incidence of *ncylostoma sp. infestation was 1'.3 # in dogs and '.& # in cats.

5. The prevalence of Trichocephalus vulpis infestation was 11.( # in dogs) of which &1.1 # in adult

dogs.

6. The treatment of sospora sp. infestation with +ltrasol was "5.& # efficient.

7. The treatment of %iardiasp. infestation with Flagyl was '5 # efficient.

8. The treatment of nematodes infestations with the usual antihelminth preparations was 1$$ #

efficient.

)i!liografy

1. @iaz A. et all 1""& / *spects of animal giardiosis in %ranadaprovience Bouthern Bpain ) Aet. >arasitol. Aol. &!) nr.3)1(1 / 1(&.

*.El 4em8a;ie B. 4. et all 2$$( * study of Toxocara species and its public health importance.Aet.4ed. Cour. %iza 55 ) 1) 21" / 23$.+.%onInc *.) et all 1""' / The effect of @rontal plus against ascarid and some cestodeinfestations in dogs. *cta >arasitol.Turcica 22) !) !!2,!!!

,.7eusinger *. / 2$$( %iardieninfe;tionen ) leintierpraxis 52) ! ) 2!5 / 2!'.

&


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-.7ore8s 9.) ondela :. 1""! / %iardia infection in dogs in a breeding unit. Aet.4ed. 3") 2-3 ) "3 / 1$1..Cacob 7..T.)*yele T.)Fi;ru 9.):asu *GG 2$$( / %astrointestinal nematodes in dogs from@ebre Jeit Ethiopia) Aet. >arasitol.1!') 2) 1!! / 1!'./.. 1""! / Epidemiology of Toxocara sp . in stray dogs and cats in @ublinreland) Cour.of 7elminthol. "- 2) 35( / 3&2.0.4innaarn G6G)rece; 9GDG 2$$1 / 7elminths in dogs belonging to people in a resourcelimited urban community in %auteng Bouth *frica.


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Sindromul Diareic La Caini Si Pisici