Site surveying-Leveling

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS)

QSB 60103 – SITE SURVEYING

FIELDWORK 1ST REPORT

LEVELLING

MARCH SEMESTER 2015

NAME STUDENT ID MARKS

TEE SIN YI 0315689

THAN LEK MEI 0315538

THUN SHAO XUN 0315919

SHANE SIM EE HAN 0321288

LEVELLING REPORT Page 1

CONTENT PAGE

COVER PAGE 1

TABLE OF CONTENT 2

INTRODUCTION TO LEVELLING 3-4

OBJECTIVE 5

OUTLINE OF APPARATUS 6-9

LEVELLING RESULT 10

ADJUSTMENT OF MISCLOSURE 11

DISCUSSION 12

CONCLUSION 13

REFERENCES 14

TABLE OF CONTENT

Introduction to levelling


Levelling is basically an instrument to measure the relative height of the elevation in a different respective point that have been given. Besides that, levelling rod is also a need to measure the difference of the height between the points.

Benchmark: A benchmark is a point of reference by which something can be measured. In surveying, a "bench mark" (two words) is a post or other permanent mark established at a known elevation that is used as the basis for measuring the elevation of other topographical points.

Backsight: The instrument set up the first point and get the first reading.

Intermediate Sight: Reading between the backsight and foresight

Foresight: The Final reading of the instrument.


In the levelling there are two types of method to measure which are, height of collimation and the rise and fall method.

Height Of Collimation Method

Example of Rise and Fall Method


OBJECTIVE

• To enhance the student’s knowledge in the levelling procedure.

• To enable students to get hands-on experience in setting up and working with the auto-level.

• To allow students to apply the theories that had been taught in the classes in a hand-on situation such as making adjustments for each reduced level of every single staff station in order to obtain the most accurate reduced levels

• To find the elevation of given point with respect to some assumed reference line called datum.

• To determine the error of misclosure in order to determine whether the levelling is acceptable or not.


Outline of Apparatus:

Auto Level instrument

An Auto-Level is a Professional Leveling Tool used by Contractors, Builders, Land Surveying Professionals, or the Engineer who demands accurate leveling every time. AutoLevels set up fast, are easy to use, and save time and money on every job. We have a large selection of Auto Levels for your choice of options like magnification, accuracy, and price. Some Auto Levels come in kits that include the grade rod and tripod. Auto-Levels are great for Fence Builders, Foundation Installers, Deck Builders, Landscaping Pros, Swimming Pool Builders, Home Builders, Roadwork Jobs, Excavations and More. Auto-Levels require that you level the instrument by hand, but you're only required to get the bubble within the black circle on the bubble vial, from there the Auto-Levels'compensator takes over and precisely levels itself. Easier to Level, Quick to Level, and Greater Accuracy. Brands like Agatec, CST Berger, David White, Laser Line, Leica, NorthWest Instrument, Pacific Laser Systems, Pentax, Seco, Sokkia, and Topcon.


Optical Plummet

In surveying, a device used in place of a plumb bob to center transits and theodolites over a given point, preferred for its steadiness in strong winds.

Levelling Tripod

This levelling tripod consist of three leg. Each leg can be adjustable with any height and also distance between the legs. This is to make sure that the levelling tripod place horizontal.


Spirit Bubble

Spirit Bubble is located on the optical plummet. To make sure that the instrument is set up horizontal angle, the spirit bubble must fall inside the red circle.

Levelling

We carry all types of Surveying Rods such as Grade Rods, Level Rods, Direct Elevation Rods, Lenker Rods, and Specialty Smart Rods. Grade Rods also known as Level Rods are a necessary tool for most building contractors, paving companies, excavation companies, and plumbers residential or commercial. As an added feature on some

rod models, they have measuring ruler capabilities, where you can extend the rod up


to the underside of a bridge or ceiling and then read the height at eye-level. Also be aware that some rods have their measuring faces made for when using laser levels as opposed to an optical level.


LEVELLING RESULT

Backsight Foresight

Rise Fall Line Of Collimation

Reduced Level

Remarks

1.438 100.000 BM 1

1.330 3.575 2.137 101.438 97.863 TP 1

1.292 1.340 0.010 99.193 97.853 TP 2

1.390 1.428 0.136 99.145 97.717 TP 3

1.500 1.474 0.084 99.107 97.633 TP 4

1.365 1.244 0.256 99.133 97.889 TP 5

1.328 1.365 0.000 99.254 97.889 TP 6

1.325 1.540 0.212 99.217 97.677 TP 7

1.287 1.235 0.090 99.002 97.767 TP 8

3.647 1.325 0.038 99.054 97.729 TP 9

1.412 1.385 2.262 101.376 99.991 TP 10

1.389 0.023 101.403 100.014 BM 1

17.31417.300 0.014

17.300 2.6312.6170.014

2.617 100.014100.000

0.014

Correction = ( 100.014 – 100.000 ) / 11

= 0.014 / 11

= 0.0013


ADJUSTMENT ON MISCLOSURE

Calculated Reduced Level

Line Of Collimation

Remarks Adjustment Adjusted Reduced Level

Adjusted Line Of Collimation

100.000 BM 1 - (0.0000) 100.000 100.00097.863 101.438 TP 1 - (0.0013) 97.862 101.43797.853 99.193 TP 2 - (0.0026) 97.850 99.19097.717 99.145 TP 3 - (0.0039) 97.713 99.14197.633 99.107 TP 4 - (0.0052) 97.628 99.10297.889 99.133 TP 5 - (0.0065) 97.883 99.12797.889 99.254 TP 6 - (0.0078) 97.883 99.24697.677 99.217 TP 7 - (0.0091) 97.668 99.20897.767 99.002 TP 8 - (0.0104) 97.757 98.99297.729 99.054 TP 9 - (0.0117) 97.717 99.04299.991 101.376 TP 10 - (0.0130) 99.978 101.363100.014 101.403 BM 1 - (0.0143) 100.000 101.389


DISCUSSION

The benchmark (BM1) is fixed at a reduced revel (RL) of 100.00. For each turning

point (TP), the reading of backsight (BS) and foresight (FS) could be obtained.

Observation shall be recorded. Auto level will be shifted along this process by

stations to stations and finally, back to BM 1.

We adopted both rise and fall method and height of collimation method in this

levelling. By substracting BS and FS will provide you the reduced level of each

station.

However, there was some error occurred in this levelling process. When it comes to

this situation, we shall calculate the error of misclosure. The reduced level had to be

adjusted using specific method which is loop misclosure. The error of misclosure was

0.014 and it was in the acceptable range as the error did not exceed 0.039. Thus, our

levelling is fair enough.


CONCLUSION

With the aid of the instruments provided by our lecturer, we are able to measure,

collect data, tabulate, analyze and interpret data to produce this report. By applying

the knowledge obtained, we are able to adjust the errors by error distribution

methods. In this case, the “rise and fall” method is used to obtain the reduce levels

and errors are distributed by dividing the errors by number of set ups to get the

average error occurred in every set ups. Hence, using the data, we are able to

produce this fieldwork report.


REFERENCES

1) (n.d.). Retrieved June 28, 2015, from https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.hayesinstrument.com/st_prod.html?p_prodid=2151&ei=wZ-PVdb4O5K3uQSI6oKYAQ&bvm=bv.96783405,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNFFHbzBaRSpahCZwzDT3IefL-m6eA

2) (Automatic Levels. (n.d.). Retrieved June 28, 2015, from http://www.engineersupply.com/automatic-levels.aspx )

3) (n.d.). Retrieved June 28, 2015, from https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.hayesinstrument.com/st_prod.html?p_prodid=2151&ei=wZ-PVdb4O5K3uQSI6oKYAQ&bvm=bv.96783405,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNFFHbzBaRSpahCZwzDT3IefL-m6eA

4) What is benchmark? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (n.d.). Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/benchmark

5) Site Surveying Report 1 (Levelling). (n.d.). Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.slideshare.net/Haziq1511/site-surveying-report-1-42339804

6) THE SCALE OF WOODEN LEVELLING STAFFS AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES. (n.d.). Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.sage.unsw.edu.au/currentstudents/ug/projects/g_leung/level1.html

7) (n.d.). Retrieved June 28, 2015, from http://gmba-learning-gateway.co.uk/images/Height_of_Col.jpg?713

8) Automatic Levels. (n.d.). Retrieved July 1, 2015, from http://www.engineersupply.com/automatic-levels.aspx

9) (n.d.). Retrieved June 28, 2015, from http://www.sage.unsw.edu.au/currentstudents/ug/projects/g_leung/giff/Fig3_4.gif


http://www.sage.unsw.edu.au/currentstudents/ug/projects/g_leung/giff/Fig3_4.gif

http://www.sage.unsw.edu.au/currentstudents/ug/projects/g_leung/giff/Fig3_4.gif

http://www.engineersupply.com/automatic-levels.aspx

http://gmba-learning-gateway.co.uk/images/Height_of_Col.jpg?713

http://www.slideshare.net/Haziq1511/site-surveying-report-1-42339804

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.hayesinstrument.com/st_prod.html?p_prodid=2151&ei=wZ-PVdb4O5K3uQSI6oKYAQ&bvm=bv.96783405,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNFFHbzBaRSpahCZwzDT3IefL-m6eA






Documents

Site surveying-Leveling