Skeletal System Disorders. Osteomyelitis Infection of the bone Causes include: invading bacteria, pneumonia, typhoid, inflammation of teeth, and injury

Skeletal System

Disorders

Osteomyelitis• Infection of the bone

• Causes include: invading bacteria, pneumonia, typhoid, inflammation of teeth, and injury to bone

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Joint Disorders

Arthritis• Inflammation of the joints = pain,

stiffness, & swelling (over 100 different forms - most crippling disease in the U.S.)

• Treatment may include: anti-inflammatory medication like aspirin, exercise to maintain joint mobility, rest during pain, heat for stiffness and/or cold for swelling



Osteoarthritis• Joint damage that occurs when

articular cartilage softens & breaks down = pain, stiffness, & restricted movement

• Causes include: aging, irritation, wear & abrasion of joints

• Most common type of chronic arthritis

• Frequently affects fingers, spine, knees & hips

Osteoarthritis





Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Inflammation of the synovial membrane resulting in swollen, painful joints - muscle spasms, destruction of cartilage, and abnormal calcium deposits are features of this disease

• Cause: autoimmune disorder

• Affects 3x more women than men; usually begins between ages 40 - 50

Rheumatoid Arthritis


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Gout• A very painful attack (inflammation) in a

single joint, commonly the big toe • Cause: uric acid(waste product) is not

properly metabolized & builds up in the blood - needle-shaped uric acid crystals are then deposited in a joint

• Most common in males after age 30; hereditary link

• Treatment: drugs, weight loss, diet low in nucleic acid and avoidance of alcohol

Gout





Dislocation• Bone is forced out of its proper position

in a joint



Sprain• Tearing or straining of tendons and/or

ligaments resulting in pain & swelling; heals slowly due to poor blood supply in tendons/ligaments

• Treatment: RICE - Rest, Ice, Compression & Elevation

Sprain





Nutritional Disorders

Rickets• Cartilage does not ossify in children,

resulting in soft bones which become bent and distorted

• Cause: Vitamin D deficiency

Rickets









Osteomalacia• Adult bones demineralize resulting in

bowed legs, flattened pelvis, and spinal deformity

• Cause: Vitamin D deficiency





Osteoporosis• A loss in bone mass leading to thin,

fragile bones - especially in the spine and femur

• Cause: Aging, Gender(female), menopause (decreased estrogen), poor diet, lack of exercise, genetics, smoking

• Treatment/Prevention: minimize risk of falls, slow down demineralization process, treat pain

Osteoporosis



Osteoporosis









Closed Fracture• Bone is broken but stays in place - does

not penetrate the skin

• A “clean break”

• Also called a closed fracture

Closed Fracture





Compound Fracture

• Broken ends of the bone protrude through soft tissues and the skin

• May result in severe bone infection (osteomyelitis) = massive doses of antibiotics

• Also called an open fracture

Compound Fracture







Greenstick fracture

• Bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks

• Common in children due to higher cartilage content

Greenstick fracture





Spinal Problems

Herniated discs• Discs dry and harden with age, which

may cause them to protrude and press on the spinal cord or nerves; results in numbness & excruciating pain



Abnormal Spinal Curvatures

• May be congenital (present at birth), or due to disease, poor posture, or unequal muscle pull on spine

Scoliosis

• Lateral curvature of the spine





Kyphosis

• Thoracic vertebrae curve outward “hunchback”







Lordosis

• Lumbar vertebrae curve inward “swayback”





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Skeletal System Disorders. Osteomyelitis Infection of the bone Causes include: invading bacteria, pneumonia, typhoid, inflammation of teeth, and injury