Slave Era Insurance Registry

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CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCESLAVERY ERA INSURANCE REGISTRY

REPORT TO THE CALIFORNIA LEGISLATUREMAY 2002

I. THE LEGISLATION

A. SB 2199: Slavery Era Insurance Policies: Legislative Findings

In 2000, the California State Legislature passed SB 2199, authored by former Senator TomHayden (D-Los Angeles). The statute is entitled “Slavery Era Insurance Policies” and addssections 13810 through 13813 to the California Insurance Code (CIC).

The Legislature found and declared that:

(a) Insurance policies from the slavery era have been discovered in the archives ofseveral insurance companies, documenting insurance coverage for slaveholdersfor damage to or death of their slaves, issued by a predecessor insurance firm.These documents provide the first evidence of ill-gotten profits from slavery,which profits in part capitalized insurers whose successors remain in existencetoday.(b) Legislation has been introduced in Congress for the past 10 years demandingan inquiry into slavery and its continuing legacies.(c) The Insurance Commissioner and the Department of Insurance are entitled toseek information from the files of insurers licensed and doing business in thisstate, including licensed California subsidiaries of international insurancecorporations, regarding insurance policies issued to slaveholders by predecessorcorporations. The people of California are entitled to significant historicalinformation of this nature.

B. SB 2199: Slavery Era Insurance Policies: Statute

California Insurance Code section 13810 et seq. reads as follows:

CHAPTER 5. SLAVERY ERA INSURANCE POLICIES13810. The commissioner shall request and obtain information from insurerslicensed and doing business in this state regarding any records of slaveholderinsurance policies issued by any predecessor corporation during the slavery era.13811. The commissioner shall obtain the names of any slaveholders or slavesdescribed in those insurance records, and shall make the information available tothe public and the Legislature.13812. Each insurer licensed and doing business in this state shall research andreport to the commissioner with respect to any records within the insurer's

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possession or knowledge relating to insurance policies issued to slaveholders thatprovided coverage for damage to or death of their slaves.13813. Descendants of slaves, whose ancestors were defined as private property,dehumanized, divided from their families, forced to perform labor withoutappropriate compensation or benefits, and whose ancestors' owners werecompensated for damages by insurers, are entitled to full disclosure.

II. IMPLEMENTATION BY THE CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCE

A. Notice to Insurers

The legislation was effective on January 1, 2001. On January 3, 2001, the Department began theprocess of implementing the provisions of the statute through the process of adding 2393 et seq.,to the California Code of Regulations.

The Department issued a Notice to Insurers regarding “Slaveholder Insurance Law.” The Noticeset forth in relevant part, that CIC sections 13810 et seq. took effect on January 1, 2001 and thatthe statute required insurers to provide information to the Department regarding slaveholderinsurance policies together with any names of slaves and slaveholders in their possession. TheNotice also indicated that the Department would hold hearings in order to gather public commentregarding the proposed regulation to implement the statute.

B. Rulemaking

On January 26, 2001, the Department issued public notice that hearings would be held in LosAngeles on March 13, 2001 and in San Francisco on March 16, 2001. The hearings, as requiredby the Government Code, were to consider and take public comment regarding the proposedregulation to implement the statute concerning the collection and reporting of informationregarding insurer records of slaveholder insurance policies issued by California insurers and anyof their predecessor corporations during the slavery era, which policies provided coverage toslaveholders for damage to, or death of, their slaves.

The rulemaking process consisted of the January 26, 2001, publication of Notice of the PublicHearings as well as simultaneous mailing of the Notice along with a document setting forth theInitial Statement of Reasons for promulgation of the regulation and the text of the proposedregulation.1 These regulatory documents were mailed to all California property and casualtyand life insurance companies, a statutorily mandated list of persons requesting notice of allDepartment regulatory actions, and to a list of interested parties. January 26, 2001, marked thebeginning of the 45-day public comment period wherein the Department solicited andconsidered comments from the public on the proposed regulation.

1 Statutory requirements for agency rulemaking are contained in California Government Code sections 11346 etseq.

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C. Special Invitation Letter

On February 8, 2001, the Commissioner invited nineteen insurance companies that were eitheridentified in the press as having written slavery era insurance policies, or which the Departmentidentified as having transacted business in California in 1868 (the year that the Office of theInsurance Commissioner was established) to attend the public hearings on the regulation.2

D. Public Hearings

Public hearings were held in Los Angeles on March 13, 2001, and San Francisco on March 16,2001. Commissioner Low commenced both proceedings with opening remarks.

The San Francisco hearing generated few public comments. The hearing was covered by twolocal radio stations and a filmmaker.

The Los Angeles hearing generated a large number of participants, most of whom madecomments on the record regarding the issue of reparations to the descendants of African slaves.Local television and radio stations covered the hearing.

E. Rulemaking file submitted for approval

As a result of the comments received during the public comment period (written and verbal), theDepartment made some changes to the proposed regulation.3 The proposed changes werecirculated to people who had submitted written public comments, who had testified at thehearings, and to people who indicated that they would like to have notice of any changes to theregulation. The rulemaking file was submitted to the Office of Administrative Law onSeptember 6, 2001. The regulation was effective on October 13, 2001.

2 Of those nineteen insurers, three provided names of slaves and slaveholders; five provided documents related toslave insurance, and several said that although they had been in business during the slavery era, they searched theirrecords and found that they either wrote no slave insurance, or had no documents to indicate whether or not they hadso written. Another seven insurers that did not receive the letter reported that they were in business during the slaveera and either did not write slave insurance or were not able to find documents to so indicate.

3 The regulation was amended on April 13, 2001, (1) to clarify that the regulation applied to insurers and theirpredecessor entities (as opposed to “affiliates”) and to carriers that were “doing business” in California on or afterJanuary 1, 2001 (as opposed to carriers merely “holding a certificate of authority”); (2) to specify that “the slaveryera” was defined as “prior to 1865” (as opposed to “between 1745 and 1865”); (3) to clarify the format in which thenames of slaveholders, beneficiaries and/or policyholders was to be provided and (4) to provide an ‘outsidedeadline” of December 14, 2001, for submission of information to the Department.

The regulation was further amended on July 20, 2001, to specify that the electronic reporting format to be used bythe carriers to report data would be available on the Department’s website and to specify that if the Commissionerdetermined that a report was incomplete, that the Commissioner could require additional reporting, as necessary.

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III.REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

The regulation required carriers to submit the requested data by October 13, 2001, the effectivedate of the regulation. Reports were to be provided on paper with names of slaves andslaveholders to be provided to the Department in an electronic format as well.

The Department’s Statistical Analysis Bureau issued a Circular SEIR-2001 to 1,357 carriers thatwere subject to the regulation (all life insurers and property and casualty insurers licensed to dobusiness in California), providing carriers with the requirements for the electronic format. Todate, the compliance response rate is approximately 92%. We are continuously in contact withinsurers that have either not responded or that have not responded completely.

The basic reasons for incomplete reporting are that the insurer failed to describe the research itdid to determine whether or not it has documents related to slavery era insurance, or failed toreport as to predecessor companies.

IV. INSURER RESPONSES

The vast majority of responses indicated, in some fashion, that as the insurer had beenincorporated sometime after the end of the defined slavery era and since there was nopredecessor company that existed during the applicable period, that the insurer had nothing toreport.

The Department also received a few responses indicting that the company or its predecessor wasdoing business during the applicable period, and conducted a thorough search of its archives andrecords, but was unable to find responsive information or documents. A variation of thisresponse was that the insurer routinely destroyed documents beyond a certain age and therefore,had no way of knowing whether or not a slavery era predecessor existed. A permutation of thisresponse was that a slavery era predecessor existed, as evidenced by other corporate archives, butthat responsive documents had been lost or destroyed.

The insurers listed herein were able to locate and provide to the Department, information and/orrecords responsive to the regulation.

Substantive responses were received from the following insurers.

ACE USAAce reported that it is the successor to two corporations, Insurance Company of North America(ICNA) and Aetna Fire, which conducted business during the slavery era.

Research methodologyAce reported that in order to comply with the regulation, it retained a law firm to assist in itsefforts to identify and compile all of the records and information related to slavery era insurancepolicies. Ace said that, through counsel, it contacted archivists and historians from several

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universities and historical societies and obtained insights on how they might most fully identifyany responsive data located in its archives.

To assist in its search, Ace acquired a database of information about the transatlantic slave tradethat contains the records of 27,233 transatlantic slave ship voyages made between 1595 and1866. Ace reported that it also reviewed the historical records that it received from itspredecessor corporations.

Ace reported that it found a copy of a slave policy written in 1855 by Aetna Life, and that eventhough this was after its separation from Aetna Fire, in the interests of full disclosure it wassubmitting the document. This policy insured the life a slave named Peter, identified as a laborer,and was issued in Mississippi.

AETNAAetna filed a report on behalf of the four of its companies presently authorized and licensed to dobusiness in California. It stated that Aetna Life Insurance Company (ALIC) is the only one ofthose companies that was in existence during the slavery era.

Research methodologyAetna reported that it established a team of lawyers, paralegals and business people, who werecharged with coordinating its response and overseeing its compliance with the regulation.

Aetna reported that ALIC was incorporated in Connecticut in 1853 and was first licensed towrite life insurance in California in 1868.

Aetna reported that the team conducted a thorough review of potentially relevant practices of allof its companies that issued life insurance anywhere in the United States. The team reviewed allpertinent documents in its possession and also communicated with former subsidiaries for allpotentially applicable materials. It reported on materials and information still located within thecompany as well as materials and information transferred to the former subsidiaries.

Aetna reported an extensive internal search through its archives, by several employees, to locaterecords, files and other information required by the statute and to determine the extent, locationand nature of its business activity and operations from the slavery era. Aetna reported that thesearch included, but was not limited to, historical policies, annual reports, company publications,rare books, agent instruction manuals, communications to agents, marketing materials andapplications, records housed outside of the company, communications with the company’scomplaint units, communications with relevant managers and other personnel, discussions withits storage facility, a review of all identifiable life insurance documents retrieved from its storagefacility,4 as well as communications with the South Carolina Historical Society.

4 Aetna reported that in 1994, their prior storage facility took over the document storage function from the companyand at that time, a large amount of life insurance related materials were destroyed in the ordinary course of businessand within the company’s document retention guidelines.

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Aetna also reported that the team spoke to former employees now employed at its formersubsidiary, who informed them that the administrative database that tracks all of the former lifeinsurance policies does not contain any policies from the slavery era. Aetna reported that thesystem automatically deletes the files after the policies have terminated, and therefore, no liferecords would exist either in paper or electronic format. Aetna reported that it tested thedatabase with a query that produced an extract that listed the oldest policy as one that was issuedin 1923. It reported that after reasonable efforts and due diligence, the team was not able toidentify any additional records relating to slavery era insurance.

Names of slaves and slaveholdersAetna’s search uncovered seven policies, some of which cover multiple lives. In most instances,there is no record of the last name of the insured slave. Five of the policies were found in thecompany’s archive, and the other two were obtained from outside sources. Aetna produced a listof sixteen first names of slaves culled from the seven policies. Sometime after its initial report,Aetna discovered a ledger book containing the names of slaves and slaveholders and submittedthose additional names as well.

AIGAIG reported that in August 2001 it acquired America General Corporation (ACG), comprised ofseventeen insurers licensed to do business in California. AIG reported that of those seventeen,only United States Life Insurance Company in the City of New York (U.S. Life) did businessduring the slavery era.

AIG reported that it used a professional staff of certified archivists to research the records of thecompany and its subsidiaries.

AIG reported that its corporate archivist researched records and interviewed staff in all ACGoffices and that all potentially relevant documents, both paper and microfilm, were examined.AIG also interviewed records administrators in their facilities in several states and at its outsidestorage facility.

While AIG’s research failed to uncover copies of any slavery era insurance policies, the searchdid locate a magazine article which contains a replica of a policy issued to a slaveholder in theamount of $550.00 on the life of one male slave known as “Charles.” The article recites theprovisions of the policy, which, as a matter of historical interest, contained a number ofexclusions [inter alia, “death to said slave by means of any invasion, insurrection, riot, civilcommotion, or of any military or usurped power, or in case the slave shall die by his own hand,or in consequence of a duel, or by the hands of justice…this Policy shall be void, null, and of noeffect.]

AIG also provided a list of the names of slaves and slaveholders culled from U.S. Life boundregistries.

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MANHATTAN LIFEManhattan Life provided one policy that insured shippers for their cargo of 700 Chinese coolieson a journey from China in 1854.

Manhattan Life quoted a 1961 speech made by the president of the company.

“Early in 1854 Howland and Aspinwall, New York ship owners, approached TheManhattan Life Insurance Company for insurance on a group of about 700Chinese coolies sailing on the Clipper Sea Witch from Swatow, China to Panama.These 700 coolies were valued at $120.00 each and the ship owners desired$84,000.00 of insurance to cover their lives. The minutes of the Board meetingsduring this period indicate heated discussions as to whether or not this risk shouldbe taken. In any event, the Company finally decided to issue what we believe tobe one of the first, if not the first, Group policy ever to be written by an AmericanLife Insurance Company. The underwriting was based on certain stipulations,and particularly required that a Doctor must make the voyage aboard the Clipper,and be responsible for sanitary conditions, food, and other factors affectingmortality.

The Manhattan Life assumed one-forth [sic] of the total risk, or $21,000.00 for apremium of $840.00. The balance of the risk was reinsured with four othercompanies….

Actually 720 coolies were hipped [sic] by the Sea Witch, which incidentally stillholds the China to New York record for sailing ships. Within twenty-four hoursafter sailing, three of the Panama bound coolies jumped overboard and were lost.During the sixty-five day voyage, eleven other coolies died of sundry diseasesaccording to the doctor’s report, dated March 31, 1854 in the City of Panama. OnApril 29, 1854 The Manhattan Life paid $408.00, one-fourth of the total loss, andconsequently made $432.00 on this transaction.”

The speaker mentioned that the policy insuring the workers had been donated to the cityMuseum of New York. Manhattan Life ordered the policy and enclosed it with its report.

NEW YORK LIFENew York Life reported that its predecessor, Nautilus Insurance Company began writing lifeinsurance policies in 1845 and sold slaveholder life insurance policies for approximately twoyears in the 1840’s until the Trustees voted to end the sale of such policies in 1848.

New York Life stated that it abhors the practice of slavery and profoundly regrets that itspredecessor was associated in any way with that contemptible practice for even a brief period oftime. It went on to state that the fact that slavery was legal in certain parts of the United Statesduring that time does not make it any less repugnant. New York Life stated that while it regretsthis history, it understands the historical value of its archival records and that contributing to our

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society’s understanding of the slavery era and helping people trace their genealogy are laudableobjectives.

Research methodologyNew York Life reported that it undertook an extensive review of its slavery era archival records,including published histories of the company, Policy Registers, Index of Applicants and DeathClaim Book. The company also reports that it retained outside professional archivists to assistwith this research effort.

Slavery era insurance policiesNew York Life reported that of the first 1,000 policies written by the predecessor, 339 were onthe lives of slaves and that these policies were usually written for less than $500 and for a termof one year. New York Life reported that there were three death claims under slave policies inthe period under review, with a total of $1,050 paid.

Names of slaves and slaveholdersNew York Life provided a list of 484 names of slaves and 233 names of slaveholders

PENN MUTUALPenn Mutual reported that during the slavery era it was licensed to do business in Pennsylvaniaonly and so wrote no slave insurance. It reports that it was licensed to write insurance inVirginia as of 1912.

Slavery era insurance policiesPenn Mutual reported that they found two documents in their archives regarding insurancepolicies issued to slaveholders that provided coverage for the death of slaves in Virginia. Thedocuments provided no indication of the identity of the insurance company that issued thosepolicies, and no indication of how or why Penn Mutual had acquired the documents in itshistorical archive. Copies of the documents were provided along with the report.

PROVIDENCE WASHINGTONProvidence Washington reported that it celebrated its 200th anniversary in 1999 and inpreparation, went through all of its files along with material at the Rhode Island HistoricalSociety. The company reported that although no material was found indicating that it hadinsured slaves, they did find an entry in one of the company’s historical reference books settingforth the account of a meeting held in 1799.

“…When the subscription was opened, it revealed that 2623 shares had been spoken for,a clear demonstration of confidence in the company’s future.

Before the subscription lists were opened, the meeting solemnly voted ‘[t]hat noinsurance is to be made on behalf of this company upon any vessel, or propertyladen therein, for the purpose of carrying on the Slave Trade.’ Any subscriber

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unwilling to abide by this condition was privileged to withdraw; no one did. Thisrefusal to insure slaving vessels illustrates a basic change both in the moral andcommercial attitude toward slavery. Before the Revolution the prosperity of RhodeIsland had been founded on the slave trade, molasses, and rum; the trade was consideredto be highly respectable and indeed essential to the economy of the Colony. The War ofIndependence had cut off the importation of Negroes throughout the colonies; and inRhode Island the Quakers, who occupied many of the public offices, allied with otherswho were imbued with the new philosophy of freedom, had grasped the opportunity tomake this condition permanent. A law prohibiting the importation of slaves, which waspassed in 1774 as part of the non-importation agreement directed against British trade,remained on the statute books after the signing of the peace in 1783. Legislation passedby the General Assembly in 1784 provided for gradual emancipation by putting an endto hereditary slavery, and in 1787 Rhode Islanders were forbidden to take part in theslave trade under penalty of £100 fine for each slave transported and £1000 fine for eachvessel so employed. The abolitionists had won their battle in Rhode Island… ”(emphasis in the report).

ROYAL & SUN ALLIANCERoyal & Sun Alliance submitted a consolidated report on behalf of all of its companies licensedin California.

Research methodologyRoyal & Sun Alliance reported that they conducted a thorough search for records of policiesissued to slaveholders during the slavery era for injury to or death of slaves and found that theyhad no such records in their possession. The company reported, however, that historical recordsexist, indicating that London Assurance, one of their member companies, was a marine insurerstarting in 1720 and limited evidence suggests that this company may have insured owners ofslave-carrying vessels. Royal & Sun Alliance reported that it was not possible for them toquantify the extent of the insurance written by this affiliate. The company reported that the slavetrade was abolished in England in 1806, pursuant to Parliament’s passage of the Abolition ofSlaves Act, and the insurance of slaves and ships was prohibited in the United Kingdom in 1811pursuant to the Slave Trade Act.

Historical information regarding insurance for human cargoRoyal & Sun Alliance submitted an excerpt of a corporate history of London Assurance writtenin 1949.

“That the fear of capture by pirates, with the consequent risk of being sold intoslavery, was a very real one, is reflected in the following and many similarinsurances: ‘£300 on Capt. Theo Weight, and £75 on Edward Morris, a boy ofabout 14 years old, that they and neither of them shall not be carried intoslavery…’ In the event of a claim being presented, one supposed the moneywould have been applied to the payment of a ransom. The horrors of slavery, foroneself, did not, however, preclude our ancestors from indulging, without qualms,

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in the abduction of Negroes from their homes, and making a profitablespeculation in their shipment, as mere cargo, to the British plantations in Virginiaand Carolina, or the West Indian islands. The early books of The LondonAssurance are full of such transactions, often, one regrets to state, for account ofdirectors of the Corporation. Here is one: ‘Captain Richard Pinnell [Director1726-38] 30th August, 1733 on the Mary Snow and Goods, both or either,according to the Assured’s interest, at and from London to the Coast of Africa andat and from thence to her port of discharge in the British West Indies. Warrantedsheathed5, and free from all damage by prohibited trade, and free from the deathof Slaves either Natural, Violent, or Voluntary. £800.’ [Emphasis in the original.]

In a similar risk on 10 October 1733, on the Penelope Snow for the same trader,for £300, it was stated that ‘the Assured doth hereby agree to warrant the shipsheathed, to take on himself all loss and damage arising by Death and Insurrectionof Negroes’. [Emphasis in the original.]

…[O]n Saturday, 15 June 1728, the following entry appears in the underwritingrecord: ‘Henry Neale, Esq.[Director 1720-47], on 50 negroes in the BenedictaBrigantina (Arthur Reymond, Captain) at and from Gambia to Virginia. TheAssured doth hereby agree to warrant the ship sheathed, to take on himself allAverages arising by Death and Insurrection of negroes, and all loss or damage byprohibited trade. £500 @ 3%’ Ten pounds a head! [Emphasis in the original.]”

An Assurance policy with similar language was submitted by the Corporation for counsel’sopinion in 1729:

“ ‘A policy of insurance was made on Ship and Goods at and from London to theCoast of Africa and thence to Carolina upon interest with the following Warranty:The Assured hath agreed to warrant the ship sheathed, to take upon himself allAverages arising by Death and Insurrection of Negroes and all Loss and Damageby prohibited trade.’ The ship proceeded to Africa, and the Master disposed ofthe outward-bound cargo in purchasing Negroes, a few Elephant’s teeth, andsome Gold Dust, and having finished the trade there, departed for Carolina, butbefore he got off the Coast, the Negroes made an insurrection, killed two of themariners, and the Ship taking fire, the Master and rest of the mariners quitted herand got away in the boat, the Negroes ran the ship ashore and made their escapeby leaping overboard and swimming to land, as is supposed, and the Ship wasbeat to pieces and totally lost with other goods on board.’ ”

5 “Sheathing” the ship refers to the practice of nailing copper sheathing over the ship’s wooden hill to preventslaves from boring holes in the sides of the vessel in order to sink the ship.

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The question put to counsel was:

“ ‘Whether the Warranty does not exclude the insurer as to all Damage to Shipand Cargo arising by means of the Insurrection, or whether such damage only aswas sustained by loss of the Negroes, or how far and as to what Damage will thisWarranty be construed to extend?’ To which counsel replied: ‘I think the loss ofthe Negroes will be expressly within the Warranty and must be sustained by theAssured, and so I think it will be also as to ye burning of the Ship, if the same wasburnt by the Negroes, or if such burning was a consequence of the insurrection.’ “

…There is a tradition in the Corporation, though no written evidence of it hascome to light, [ftnt. 1 - many of the records of the period have unfortunately beendestroyed] that in the middle of the eighteenth century a cargo of slaves (each ofwhom was branded on the thigh) was insured, and heavy weather beingencountered on the voyage, some of the Negroes were jettisoned, and in theconsequence a claim for General Average was presented by the owners. An Actof 1799 put an end to such inhuman practices, for it provided that: ‘No loss ofdamage shall hereafter be recoverable on Account of the Mortality of Slaves bynatural Death, or ill-treatment, or against Loss by throwing overboard of Slaveson any Account whatsoever, for restraints and detainments of princes, and peopleof Africa, caused through any Aggression for the Purpose of procuring Slaves’.The Acts of 1806 and 1811, which abolished the Slave Trade, prohibited, underheavy penalties, the insurance of slaves or slave-ships.”

V. ENFORCEMENT

Compliance RateTo date, 92% percent of all carriers contacted are in compliance with the regulation. Additionalresponses are coming in daily and the Department continues to follow-up with carriers thatsubmitted incomplete responses or that did not respond, until all requested responses have beenreceived.

Further, California Insurance Code section 12926 provides that:

[t]he commissioner shall require from every insurer a full compliance with allprovisions of this code.

CIC section 704.5 provides, inter alia, that a carrier’s certificate of authority may be suspendedor revoked for violation of any insurance statute and CIC section 704.7 provides that thecommissioner may permit a carrier to elect to pay a money penalty, not exceeding $55,000.00 inlieu of suspension of the certificate.

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VI. PUBLIC ACCESS TO INFORMATION

As of May 1, 2002, the names of slaves and names of slaveholders will be attached to this report,and submitted to the California Legislature. The report and the names will also be posted on theDepartment’s website.

As of May 1, 2002, all reports submitted by insurers, together with the documents attachedthereto, will be available for inspection at the Department of Insurance public viewing rooms inLos Angeles and San Francisco.

300 South Spring Street, 12th FloorLos Angeles, California 90013

213-346-6707Hours: 8:00 am – 4:30 pm

45 Fremont Street, 23rd FloorSan Francisco, California 94105

415-538-4300Hours: 8:30 am – 5:00 pm

For both locations, people who wish to review the documents should call in advance to schedulean appointment.

The public viewing room staff will photocopy pages for 54 cents per page, or copies can be madethrough a photocopying service.

For additional information contact either:

Leslie E. Tick, Senior Staff CounselCalifornia Department of Insurance

45 Fremont Street, 21st FloorSan Francisco, California 94105

[email protected]

or

Natasha R. Ray, Senior Staff CounselCalifornia Department of Insurance

300 Capitol Mall, 17th FloorSacramento, California 95814

[email protected]

web#134584 v4

http://www.insurance.ca.gov/0100-consumers/0300-public-programs/0200-slavery-era-insur/slave-names.cfm

Amended data from New York Life received after the initial publication of this chart, on December 21, 2005, is contained within this document.

Additional data received, on May 1, 2002, is contained on the addendum page located at the end of the document.

Name of Slave

County (or Parish), State

Other Identifying Information

Slaveholder County (or Parish), State

Submitted By

Aaron Henderson County, KY

Fireman Policy Number(s): 1588

Brown, Alexander

Same New York Life Insurance Company

Aaron Savannah, GA Laborer Policy Number(s): 1851

William Burke Giles & Company,

Wilmington, NC

New York Life Insurance Company

Abby Anderson

Natchez, MS General house servant Policy Number(s): 1131

Beaumont, Phebe Same New York Life Insurance Company

Abraham Union County, KY

Firemen on Bunker Hill Policy Number(s): 799

Buntai, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Abraham On Island 36, Tipton County, TN

Farming & woodchopping - Date of Death 03/18/48 Policy Number(s): 1438

Mess. Smith & Densford,

Louisville, KY


Abraham Montgomery, AL

Carpenter Policy Number(s): 1830

Winter, IS Same New York Life Insurance Company

Abraham Fox Henderson County, KY


Nunn, William Same New York Life Insurance Company

Abram Fayette, KY Thompson, Chas R.

Same American International

Group, Inc.

Abram Wilmington, NC

Employed on a Turpentine Farm Policy Number(s): 1260

Fleeming, Daniel Same New York Life Insurance Company

Adam Bourbon, KY Jones, Frances, owner

Same American International Group, Inc.

Adam Mobile, AL Steam boat hand Policy Number(s): 980

Good, Garland Same New York Life Insurance Company

Adam Chesterfield County, VA

Miner Policy Number(s): 483

Hobson, John Powhattan County, VA


Adelandi a/k/a Adelaide

Charleston, SC

Mantua maker Policy Number(s): 268

Georgia Insurance & Trust Company re Insurance,

Augusta, GA


Agnes Fayette, KY Kemp, J.L. Same American International Group, Inc.

Albert Savannah, GA Labourer Policy Number(s): 1982

Bradley, Richard Same New York Life Insurance Company

Albert On Island 36, Tipton County, TN

Farming & woodchopping Policy Number(s): 1437


Louisville, KY


Alexander Fayette, KY Hunter, John J. Same American International Group, Inc.

Alexander Fayette, KY Morgan, J.H. & C.C., owners


Alfred Fayette, KY Grinstead, James A., owner


Alfred Woodford, KY

Mass, William H. ?


Alfred Mercer, KY Tilford, James, owner


Alfred Woodford, KY

Watson, R.H., Owner


Alfred NOT LISTED,

As above Policy Number(s): 986

Phillips, Henry Jefferson County, KY


Alfred O'Hanlon

Fayetteville, NC

Engineer Policy Number(s): 188

O'Hanlon, Margaret


Alic Fayette, KY Morgan, John H. Same American International Group, Inc.

Alick Savannah, GA Waiter Policy Number(s): 268


Augusta, GA


Alik a/k/a Alexander, Aleck

Wilmington, NC

Laborer Policy Number(s): 280 (953) (1858)

Giles, William Burke


Allan Williams

Fayette, KY Hamilton, W.C., owner


Alleck a/k/a Aleck, Alexander a/k/a Burr

Wilmington, NC

Employed in a mill Policy Number(s): 1149 (1850)

Bradley, Richard (Savannah, GA) and Giles, William Burke (Wilmington, NC)

Savannah, GA, and Wilmington, NC


Allen Louisville, KY


Bell, Robert and Quarrier, Monroe


Amanda St. Francis, MO

Policy dated Jan. 13, 1860; Age 15; Occupation: Housegirl

Meyer, Charles Same Aetna Life Insurance Company

Ampy Chesterfield County, VA

Miner Policy Number(s):

Mid Lothian Coal and Minning Co,

Same New York Life

391 Insurance Company

Anderson Wilcox, AL Cook, David, owner


Anderson Richmond, VA

Laborer Policy Number(s): 316

John A. Lancaster and Edward Sinton Trustees,


Anderson Bowman

Louisville, KY

Boatman Policy Number(s): 828

Bowman, Parmelia

Bullitt County, KY


Anderson Flournoy

Chesterfield County, VA

Miner Policy Number(s): 413 (1038)

Mills, Nicholas Richmond, VA


Andrew Fayette, KY Hunter, John J. Same American International Group, Inc.

Andrew Henderson County, KY



Andrew Wilmington, NC

Laborer in mill and distillery Policy Number(s): 1148 (1847)




Andrew Banks

Spotsylvania, VA

Haydon, John ? Same American International Group, Inc.

Ann Fayette, KY Chiles, H.W. Same American International Group, Inc.

Ann St. Francis, MO



Anthony Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

Anthony Shelbyville, KY

Farmer-to be employed on a

Glafs, Robert Same New York Life

farm Policy Number(s): 1796

Insurance Company

Anthony Charleston, SC

House servant Policy Number(s): 613 (1314)

Hubert, Charles Same New York Life Insurance Company

Anthony Natchez, MS Employed in a saw mill handling lumber Policy Number(s): 1885

Ricks, CS Same New York Life Insurance Company

Anthony Wilmington, NC

At a saw mill Policy Number(s): 1150




Anthony Jones





Anthony Wilmington, NC

Laborer at steam sawmill Date of Death 02/24/47 Policy Number(s): 349

Cowan, RH Same New York Life Insurance Company

Apollo Charleston, SC



Augusta, GA


Armistead Fayette, KY Morgan, John H. Same American International Group, Inc.

Augustus Louisville, KY

Cabin boy Policy Number(s): 1607



Barbary Mobile, AL Carpenter Policy Number(s): 1261

Owen; R. Hamilton adminstrator of, George


Bartlett Chesterfield County, VA


Chesterfield Mining Co., William Benton as agent,

Black Heath Chesterfield County, VA


Bartlett Chesterfield County, VA




Bartlett Louisville, KY

Fireman running on river Policy Number(s): 735

Langhorne, Maurice


Bartlett Harrison

Richmond, VA

To be employed on tow boat and lighters Policy Number(s): 1094

Tompkins, William


Bartlett Nelson

Richmond, VA

To be employed on Tow boats or lighters Policy Number(s): 1092

Tompkins, William


Basil Augusta, GA Cabinet maker Policy Number(s): 1012

Hill; John Hill trustee for, LM


Basil NOT LISTED,

To be employed as an agriculturalist Policy Number(s): 1022

Sanders, Harriet Shelby County, KY


Basil Louisville, KY

Manufacturer Policy Number(s): 379

Saunders, Harriet Same New York Life Insurance Company

Bella Charleston, SC



Ben Fayette, KY Montgomery, William


Ben Fayette, KY Morgan, John H. Same American International Group, Inc.

Ben Chesterfield County, VA


Crouch, Thomas Richmond, VA


Ben Wilmington, NC

Common laborer Policy Number(s): 528 (1212)

Lord, W Same New York Life Insurance Company

Ben Mobile, AL Laborer Policy Number(s): 1248



Ben NOT LISTED,

To be employed on steam boat Uncle Sam for 2 months And then to return home to farm Policy Number(s): 987



Ben St. Louis, MO Policy dated Nov. 12, 1857; Age 13; Occupation: House Servant

Primm, John S. Same Aetna Life Insurance Company

Ben Brown Jassimine, KY Chrisman, L.H., owner


Ben Varnum Fayette, KY Hamilton, W.C., owner


Ben Jones Chesterfield County, VA


Hancock, Higginson


Ben York Chesterfield County, VA




Benjamin Henderson County, KY

Fireman Policy Number(s):

Anderson, Nelson Same New York Life

1537 Insurance Company

Betsey Wilmington, NC

House Servant Policy Number(s): 746 (1546)

Hill, EN Same New York Life Insurance Company

Betsy Dyer Natchez, MS House servant Policy Number(s): 1133

Bolton, Theoda Same New York Life Insurance Company

Betty Frankfort, KY NOT LISTED Policy Number(s): 1657

Alley, Nelson Same New York Life Insurance Company

Betty Scott County, KY

Servant Policy Number(s): 843

Forbes, Jno Same New York Life Insurance Company

Beverly Richmond, VA

To be employed on tow boats and lighters Policy Number(s): 1095

Tompkins, William


Bill Natchez, MS To be employed in the Natchez saw mill Policy Number(s): 1274

J.D. Tyler Brown Cozzens & H.W. Chittenden,


Bill Daviess County, KY


McFarland, John Daviep County, KY


Bill Wilmington, NC

Employed in a turpentine distillery Policy Number(s): 1805

Wooster Anderson & Co.,


Bill Wilmington, NC

Laborer at mill Policy Number(s): 1152 (1848)




Bill Ballard Savannah, GA Laborer Policy Number(s): 1852


Wilmington, NC


Bill Hyman Wilmington, NC

Laborer Policy Number(s): 286 (960)




Billy Louisville, KY

NOT LISTED Policy Number(s): 1675

Shanks, Thomas Same New York Life Insurance Company

Billy Harrod Chesterfield County, VA

NOT LISTED Policy Number(s): 410 (1035)



Bob Louisville, KY


Chenoweth, Stephen


Bob Montgomery, AL

House servant Policy Number(s): 1822


Bob Hall Chesterfield County, VA

Miner - Date of Death 03/22/47 Policy Number(s): 973

Hall, Richard Henrico County, VA


Bob Hall Chesterfield County, VA




Breckenridge Fayette, KY Childers, A.L. & J.J., owners


Burrell Fayette, KY Thompson, Chas R.


Burrell Natchez, MS House servant Policy Number(s): 1129

Koontz, George Same New York Life Insurance Company

Caesar Dawson

New Bern, NC

Cooper Policy Number(s): 935

Van Bokkelen, WH


Cain Henderson County, KY


Pritchell, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Camilla Augusta, GA Seamstress Policy Number(s): 1124

Platt, Charles Same New York Life Insurance Company

Carlin Henderson County, KY



Caroline Fayette, KY Morgan, John H., owner assigned


Caroline Fanquer, VA , POSTED but NOT WRITTEN?


Caroline Wilmington, NC


Burch, James Same New York Life Insurance Company

Caroline Lexington, KY

Cook & house servant Policy Number(s): 1968

Newberry, WH Same New York Life Insurance Company

Caswell Henderson County, KY


Elam, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Cato Mead County, KY


Van Meter, David Same New York Life Insurance Company

Cecilia Augusta, GA Servant Policy Number(s): 1350


Chandler Louisville, KY


Shanks, Thomas Same New York Life Insurance Company

Charles Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

Charles Louisville, KY


Gardner, William Shelbyville, KY


Charles New Bern, NC


Harvey & Son, John

New Bern Craven County, NC


Charles Augusta, GA Moulder Policy Number(s): 1525

Hopkins, Thomas Same New York Life Insurance Company

Charles Henderson County, KY


Langley, Samuel Same New York Life Insurance Company

Charles NOT LISTED,

Farmer to be employed in New M Co., & M Policy Number(s): 984



Charles Wilmington, NC

Common Laborer Policy Number(s): 515

Smith, William Same New York Life Insurance Company

Charles a/k/a John

Wilmington, NC

Servant on board a steamer Policy Number(s): 334 (995, 1752)

Walker, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Charles Smith



Marshalls, Thomas


Charles Hall Chesterfield County, VA





Charleston Montgomery, AL

Carpenter Policy Number(s):

Winter, IS Same New York Life Insurance

1831 Company

Chloe Charleston, SC



Chrisman Fayette, KY Hamilton, W.C. Same American International Group, Inc.

Clairborne a/k/a Clairbonne

Henderson County, KY


Brown, Joseph Same New York Life Insurance Company

Clara Charleston, SC


Robinson, Joseph Same New York Life Insurance Company

Clem Lexington, KY


McGowan, JR Same New York Life Insurance Company

Clem Boone Fayette, KY Todhunter, P.E. & W.G., owners


Congo Clover Hill, VA

Miner at the Coal Mines Policy Number(s): 892

Wooldridge, Daniel



Conway Barbour

Jefferson County, KY


Bell, Robert Louisville, KY


Courtney Natchez, MS Boatman Policy Number(s): 1016 (1803)

Harrison, William Same New York Life Insurance Company

Cyrus Mills Chesterfield County, VA




Dabney Burnette


Employed at Mid Lothian mines Policy Number(s): 1217

Burnette, Elias Albemarle County, VA


Daly Fayette, KY , Hunter & Bruce Same American International Group, Inc.

Damon Wilmington, NC

Employed at distillery Policy Number(s): 1175

Hallett, Benjamin Same New York Life Insurance Company

Daniel Louisville, KY


Clifton, William Same New York Life Insurance Company

Daniel Charleston, SC



Daniel Louisville, KY


Roy; John W. Roy agent for, Elle


Daniel Richmond, VA

To be employed on steam tow boats and lighters Policy Number(s): 1093

Tompkins, William


Daniel Wilmington, NC

Common Laborer - Date of Death 08/10/47 Policy Number(s): 749

Tyler, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Daniel Edgefield County, SC

To be employed in rice field Policy Number(s): 812

Walker, Charles Edgefield, SC


Daniel Hall Chesterfield County, VA





David Fayette, KY Hamilton, W.C. Same American International Group, Inc.

David Fayette, KY Morgan, John H. Same American International Group, Inc.

David Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

David Wilmington, NC


Berry, William Same New York Life Insurance Company

David Henderson County, KY


Braddock, Jesse Same New York Life Insurance Company

David Henderson County, KY

Fireman on steamboat Empire Policy Number(s): 825


David Savannah, GA Laborer Policy Number(s): 1856


Wilmington, NC


David Clover Hill, VA

Miner in the pits - Krinse Policy Number(s): 894

Wooldridge, Daniel



David Cutler Wilmington, NC

Carpenter Policy Number(s): 530 (1424)


Davy Wilmington, NC


Urquhart; Henry R. Savage executor to, Anna


Davy Dabney Clover Hill, VA


Darracott, John Richmond, VA


Dean Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

Delia Spotsylvania, VA

Jones, J.L., owner Same American International Group, Inc.

Dennis Charleston, SC


Dawson, OH Same New York Life Insurance Company

Dennis Natchez, MS To be employed in the Natchez saw mill Policy Number(s): 1273



Dennis Cofer Washington, DC

Towler, James, owner


Dick Macon, GA Coach maker Policy Number(s): 1066

De Loache & Wilcosson,


Dick Franklin County, KY

Farmer Policy Number(s): 1656

Freeman, DD Same New York Life Insurance Company

Dick Henderson County, KY


Quinn, Arthur Same New York Life Insurance Company

Dick Montgomery, AL



Dick Cook Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

Dick Field Fayette, KY Hamilton, Wesley C.


Dick a/k/a Richard Ferguson

Wilmington, NC

Engineer Policy Number(s): 291 (950) (1846.5)



Dick Giles Chesterfield County, VA

Chesterfield & Clover Hill coal pits Policy Number(s): 834

Hancock, Jefferson


Duncan Wright

Wilmington, NC

Common Laborer Policy Number(s): 201 (969) (1666)

Wright, Thomas Same New York Life Insurance Company

Edgar Porter Chesterfield County, VA




Edmund Caroline, VA Butler, George G., owner


Edmund Augusta, GA Waiter Policy Number(s): 1395

Adams Hopkins & Co.,


Edmund Augusta, GA Moulder Policy Number(s): 1526

Hopkins, Thomas Same New York Life Insurance Company

Edmund Chapman

Owsley County, KY


Green, George Frankfort, KY


Edmund Richmond, VA

Blacksmith Policy Number(s): 434

Morris, Barton Carolina County, VA


Edward Wilmington, NC


Berry, William Same New York Life Insurance Company

Edward Smithville, NC


Everett, SB Same New York Life Insurance Company

Edward NOT LISTED,

Farmer to be employed in New M Co., Policy Number(s): 985



Edward Louisville, KY


Quarrier, Monroe Same New York Life Insurance Company

Edward Govan

King & Queen County, VA

To be employed on a farm Policy Number(s): 997

Govan, James Same New York Life Insurance Company

Elijah Fayette, KY , Hunter & Bruce, owners


Eliza Charleston, SC


Holton, Margaret Same New York Life Insurance Company

Eliza Augusta, GA slave Policy Number(s): 487 (1168)

Oliver, Stephen Same New York Life Insurance Company

Eliza Charleston, SC

House Servant Policy Number(s): 664


Elizabeth Natchez, MS House servant Policy Number(s): 1130

Koontz, George Same New York Life Insurance Company

Ellen Fayette, KY Hunter, John J. Same American International Group, Inc.

Elliott Augusta, GA Gunsmith Policy Number(s): 622 (1401)

Summers, George Same New York Life Insurance Company

Ellis Owensboro, KY

In mill Policy Number(s): 981

Rogers, James Same New York Life Insurance Company

Emeline Columbus, GA

Cook Policy Number(s): 1567

Grimes, Sterling Same New York Life Insurance Company

Enoch Fayette, KY Grinstead, James A., owner


Enoch Louisville, KY

Cabin boy on St. Boat Chancellor Policy

Breckenridge, WL


Number(s): 827 (1522)

Enoch Chesterfield County, VA




Ephraim Green

Wilmington, NC




Eugenia Charleston, SC

Home servant Policy Number(s): 477

May, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Eurias Louisville, KY

Running on the river Policy Number(s): 378

Sayre, E D Same New York Life Insurance Company

Fanny Mobile, AL Washer & ironer Policy Number(s): 1245



Ferdinand Spotsylvania, VA

Collins, John W., owner


Foster Richmond, VA


Tompkins, William


Frank Edisto Island, SC


King, Jeremiah Same New York Life Insurance Company

Frank Mobile, AL Brick maker & laborer Policy Number(s): 1244



Frank Henderson County, KY


Pritchell, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Frank Charleston, SC

Carpenter Policy Number(s):

Ramsey, WC Same New York Life Insurance

1252 Company

Frank Augusta, GA In grocery store Policy Number(s): 523

Roberts, William Same New York Life Insurance Company

Frank Porter Chesterfield County, VA

At work in Clover Hill Pitts Policy Number(s): 1226

Porter, James Richmond, VA


Fred Natchez, MS NOT LISTED Policy Number(s): 1132

Wright, William Same New York Life Insurance Company

General Fayette, KY Yarnell, Issac M., owner


George Fayette, KY Hamilton, W.C. Same American International Group, Inc.

George Fayette, KY Thompson, Chas R.


George Fayette, KY Wilson, John L. Same American International Group, Inc.

George Louisville, KY

To be employed as cabin boy boy on board of a first class steam boat between Louisville & New Orleans - or the waters of the Alabama and Towbig Bee Rivers until June Policy Numbers(s): 1497

Chenoweth, Stephen


George Richmond, VA



Same New York Life Insurance

Company

George Augusta, GA Servant in grocery Policy Number(s): 644

Moderwell, Martha


George Henderson County, KY


Smith, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

George Montgomery, AL



George Fanquier, VA Castleman, Martha P.


George Stafford, VA Waller, Wither, owner


George Blackston

Lexington, KY

Waiter on steamboat running bet. Louisville and N.O. Policy Number(s): 647

Harper, Catharine Same New York Life Insurance Company

George Brents

Fayette, KY Brents, George Same American International Group, Inc.

George Clarke

Fayette, KY Morgan, John H., owner


George Cook Jeff County, KY

Fireman on local steamboat Prytana Policy Number(s): 301

Woodruff, William

Jefferson County, KY


George Jackson

Spotsylvania, VA

Berry, Thomas J., owner


George Mills Chesterfield County, VA




George O'Hanlon

Fayetteville, NC

Ship Carpenter Policy Number(s): 190

O'Hanlon, Margaret


George Peel Fayette, KY , Hunter & Bruce Same American International Group, Inc.

George Tatum

NOT LISTED,


Tatum, RH Chesterfield County, VA


George Vinegar

Fayette, KY Morgan, John H., owner


George Wallace

Fayette, KY Hamilton, W.C. Same American International Group, Inc.

Georgiana Fayette, KY Bruce, Ja? M. Same American International Group, Inc.

Godfrey Chesterfield County, VA




Grace Natchez, MS NOT LISTED Policy Number(s): 1743

William Lithgow & Carrison,


Gratior Little Rock, AR

Servant man Policy Number(s): 2491

Dodge, RL Same New York Life Insurance Company

Griffin Chesterfield County, VA


Tumly, Nelson Black Heath Chesterfield County, VA


Gustavos a/k/a Gustavus

Union County, KY


Shalding, TB Same New York Life Insurance Company

Hackey Mobile, AL Brick maker & laborer Policy Number(s): 1246



Hampton Montgomery, AL

Carpenter Policy

Winter, IS Same New York Life

Number(s): 1819

Insurance Company

Hannah Charleston, SC


Reynolds; Thomas Ryan agent for, Rt Rev Bishop


Hannah St. Louis, MO Policy dated Nov. 12, 1857; Age 45; Occupation: Cook


Hardy Wilmington, NC

Employed in a turpentine distillery Policy Number(s): 1806

Wooster Anderson & Co.,


Hardy Wilmington, NC





Harriet Wilmington, NC

Cook Policy Number(s): 765 (1547)


Harriet Natchez, MS House servant Policy Number(s): 1065 (1835)

Vennigerholy, C Same New York Life Insurance Company

Harriet, a slave

Fayette, KY Bush, James M. Same American International Group, Inc.

Harriett Augusta, GA Merchant Policy Number(s): 486

Gardelle, Adolphus


Harrison Union County, KY

Boathand Policy Number(s): 323

Shalding, TB Same New York Life Insurance Company

Harry Charleston, SC

Labourer Policy Number(s): 1312

Carrere, ME Same New York Life Insurance Company

Harry Wilmington, NC

Common laborer Policy Number(s): 1232

Loring, Thomas Same New York Life Insurance Company

Harry Fayetteville, NC


Roy, David Same New York Life Insurance Company

Harry a/k/a Henry Picket





Harry Mills Chesterfield County, VA




Harry Montague



Moody, James Same New York Life Insurance Company

Hayes Fayette, KY Bodley, Charles L.


Haywood Henderson County, KY


Hancock, William


Hector Wilmington, NC

Laborer Policy Number(s): 288 (958, 1815)

Giles, Annabella Same New York Life Insurance Company

Helen Not Available,

Policy Number(s): 10171

SLAVEHOLDER NOT LISTED,


Henderson Fayette, KY Milton, W.E. Same American International Group, Inc.

Henry Orange, VA Carter, Edwin, owner


Henry Fayette, KY Castleman, Martha, owner


Henry Fayette, KY Morgan, John H., owner


Group, Inc.

Henry Henderson County, KY


Beverly, Robert Same New York Life Insurance Company

Henry Daviess County, KY


Duncan, William Davis County, KY


Henry Wilmington, NC

Bricklayer Policy Number(s): 1864

Giles, Annabella Same New York Life Insurance Company

Henry Natchez, MS To be employed in the Natchez saw mill Policy Number(s): 1276



Henry Montgomery, AL



Henry Chesterfield County, VA

Miner in the coal mines Policy Number(s): 893

Wooldridge, Daniel


Henry St. Francis, MO

Policy dated Jan. 13, 1860; Age 19; Occupation: Blacksmith


Henry Brokenbourgh

Spotsylvania, VA

Aler, George, owner


Henry Clay Louisville, KY

Steam boat hand Policy Number(s): 1686

McDowell, James Same New York Life Insurance Company

Henry Dickenson





Henry Elrdige Lafayette, KY Morgan, J.H. & Same American

C.C., owners International Group, Inc.

Henry Frazier Spotsylvania, VA

Metcalfe, John, owner


Henry Hanes a/k/a Harris





Henry Hudson

Pendleton, KY

Warner, Wm A., owner


Henry Jones Fayette, KY Hamilton, W.C. Same American International Group, Inc.

Henry Lockett


Miner at the Mid Lothian Policy Number(s): 1101

Lockett; Zachariah H. Brooks executor of, Edmund


Henry London

Wilmington, NC


London, Sarah Same New York Life Insurance Company

Henry Moody NOT LISTED,


Moody, David Chesterfield County, VA


Henry Porter Chesterfield County, VA

At work at Clover Hill Pitts Policy Number(s): 1227

Porter, James Richmond, VA


Henry Price Wilmington, NC

Cook aboard a steamer to Wilmington to Charleston, S.C. Policy Number(s): 361 (993, 1810)

Wanet, Anthony Same New York Life Insurance Company

Henry Smith Spotsylvania, VA

Aler, George, owner


Henry Ware Spotsylvania, VA

Berry, Thomas J., owner


Group, Inc.

Henry Wright Chesterfield County, VA




Hester Augusta, GA House servant Policy Number(s): 846

Kent, Jesse Same New York Life Insurance Company

Hester Augusta, GA NOT LISTED Policy Number(s): 586

Kent; John B. Murphy for, John


Hewlett Chesterfield County, VA

Miner at *** Mio Lothian Policy Number(s): 974

Hancock, Higginson


Horace Fayette, KY Morgan, John H. Same American International Group, Inc.

Ira Fayette, KY Morgan, John H., owner


Isaac Clover Hill, VA

Miner at the pitsDead-Loss pd Oct 47 - Date of Death 10/47 Policy Number(s): 898

Cosby, Jefferson Chesterfield County, VA


Isaac Louisville, KY

To be employed on the Steam Boat Chancellor & on other 1st class boat Policy Number(s): 1174

Jewell Jr., David Same New York Life Insurance Company

Isaac Louisville, KY



Isabel Mobile, AL Washer & ironer Policy

Owen; R. Hamilton

Same New York Life

Number(s): 1241

adminstrator of, George

Insurance Company

Isaiah Louisville, KY


Randolph, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Isham Louisville, KY

St. bt. Hand - Date of Death 06/27/48 Policy Number(s): 1715

Victor, David Same New York Life Insurance Company

Ishmael (Leave)

Fayette, KY Cummingway, Thomas ?


Israel Spotsylvania, VA

Pratt, William C., owner


Israel Tatum NOT LISTED,




Israel Walker Chesterfield County, VA


Wooldridge, AS Same New York Life Insurance Company

Jack Louisville, KY

To be employed as cabin boy boy on board of a first class steam boat between Louisville & New Orleans - or the waters of the Alabama and Towbig Bee Rivers until June Policy Numbers(s): 1498

Chenoweth, Stephen


Jack Augusta, GA Wheelwright Policy Number(s): 268



Jack Wachille Point, SC


Graves, Daniel Charleston, SC


Jack Augusta, GA Hand on a steam boat Policy Number(s): 1142

Haviland, Risley & Co.,


Jack Wilmington, NC

Laborer in saw mill Policy Number(s): 1718

Howard, William Same New York Life Insurance Company

Jack Charleston, SC



Jack Ligou Chesterfield County, VA


Mayo, Joseph Powhatan County, VA


Jack Reid Augusta, GA Wheelwright Policy Number(s): 387

Dewar, William Charleston, SC


Jackson Union County, KY

Employee on the steam boat Ambassador Policy Number(s): 938

Payne, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Jacob Augusta, GA in printing office Policy Number(s): 388

Adams, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Jacob Chesterfield County, VA

Miner at theCoal mines Policy Number(s): 1108

Archer, Richard Same New York Life Insurance Company

Jacob Savannah, GA Laborer Policy Number(s): 1865

Bradley, EC Wilmington, NC


Jacob Mobile, AL Steam boat hand Policy

Richards, Caroline

Same New York Life

Number(s): 1006

Insurance Company

Jacob Richmond, VA


Tompkins, William


Jacobs Fayette, KY Webb, Louisa, owner


James Aiken, SC House servant Policy Number(s): 930

Dawson, OH Charleston, SC


James Richmond, VA




James Charleston, SC

Baker Policy Number(s): 195 (848, 1701)

Miller, Robert Same New York Life Insurance Company

James Augusta, GA House servant Policy Number(s): 1123


James Louisville, KY

Barber Policy Number(s): 1596


James Wilmington, NC


Urquhart; Henry R. Savage executor to, Anna


James Gillis Spotsylvania, VA

Buck, Sarah J., owner


James Greenwell

Washington, DC

Warren, Fitzhuery, owner


James or Jim Jackson

Fayette, KY Bush, James M., owner


James Willis Owsley County, KY

Miner Policy Number(s):


New York Life

947 (1756) Insurance Company

Jane Bown Washington, DC

Fowler, Henderson


Jarrett Clarke, KY Kennedy, Robert P. - owner Justus J. Hall


Jeffrey Scott Spotsylvania, VA

Aler, George, owner


Jem Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

Jenkins Montgomery, AL



Jerry Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

Jerry Union County, KY


Ray, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Jerry Mobile, AL House servant Policy Number(s): 1773

Stewart, Frederick


Jerry Louisville, KY


Taylor; George W. Wicks for, Hubbard

NOT LISTED, NOT LISTED


Jesse Fayette, KY Hunter , John J. Same American International Group, Inc.

Jesse Davis Natchez, MS Barber Policy Number(s): 822

Emerson, H Same New York Life Insurance Company

Jim Fayette, KY , Hunter & Bruce, owners


Jim Charleston, SC

House servant Policy

Corcoran, IW Same New York Life

Number(s): 593

Insurance Company

Jim Wilmington, NC




Jim Charleston, SC

Mason Policy Number(s): 976

Graven, WH Same New York Life Insurance Company

Jim Charleston, SC


King, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Jim Charleston, SC

Baker Policy Number(s): 1455


Jim Henderson County, KY

Fireman - Date of Death 06/20/48 Policy Number(s): 1531

Rouse, Hansford Same New York Life Insurance Company

Jim Louisville, KY

Employed in a logging factory Policy Number(s): 1021

Sanders, Harriet Shelby County, KY


Jim Louisville, KY

Manufacturer Policy Number(s): 380

Saunders, Harriet Same New York Life Insurance Company

Jim Savannah, GA Carpenter Policy Number(s): 513

Thompson, Joseph


Jim Wilmington, NC

Penman Policy Number(s): 290 (951)



Jim Clark Fayette, KY Morgan, John H. Same American International Group, Inc.

Jim Martin Fayette, KY Morgan, John H. Same American International

Group, Inc.

Jim Bradley Savannah, GA Carpenter Policy Number(s): 1861


Wilmington, NC


Jim Dudley Savannah, GA Labourer Policy Number(s): 1981




Jim Giles Wilmington, NC

Laborer Policy Number(s): 282 (956) (1859)



Jim Howard Savannah, GA Carpenter Policy Number(s): 1862

Bradley, Richard Same New York Life Insurance Company

Jim Lockett Chesterfield County, VA

Miner at Coal Policy Number(s): 1099



Jim Miller Charleston, SC



Jim Mills Chesterfield County, VA




Jim Wills Chesterfield County, VA




Jim Winfred Chesterfield County, VA

Miner at - thian coal Policy Number(s): 1103

Winfred Jr, William


Joe NOT LISTED,

Laborer at steam sawmill Policy Number(s): 351

Cowan, RH Wilmington, NC


Joe NOT LISTED,

The Parrott Plantation, 3 ½ miles from Hamburg, Field work Policy Number(s): 583

Garmany, George Hamburg, GA


Joe Charleston, SC

Cigar maker Policy Number(s): 531

Graves, Daniel Same New York Life Insurance Company

Joe Charleston, SC

Baker Policy Number(s): 1456


Joe Mobile, AL On steam boat on river Policy Number(s): 763

Shepherd, James Same New York Life Insurance Company

Joe Lockett Chesterfield County, VA

At the Mid Mines-Chesterfield Policy Number(s): 1098



Joe Miller Charleston, SC



Joe Moody NOT LISTED,


Moody, James Chesterfield County, VA


Joe Price At Tho. Richard Orouch's mines,


Price, Lucien Hanover County, VA


Joe Swann Wilmington, NC

Common laborer Policy Number(s): 205

Swann, Frederick Chatham County, NC


Joe Wright Chesterfield County, VA




John Fayette, KY Bush, James M. Same American International Group, Inc.

John Stafford, VA Rose, Edmund F, owner


John Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

John Scott County, KY


Allsofo, for the benefit of M. Danaby, James

Stamping Grounds, Scott County, KY


John Wilmington, NC




John Columbia County, GA


Glendinning, John

NOT LISTED, NOT LISTED


John Wilmington, NC

Waiter on board U.S.M.S bet. Wil. & Char. Policy Number(s): 745 (1545)


John Natchez, MS To be employed in the Natchez saw mill Policy Number(s): 1277



John Not Available, KY

Fireman on Steam Boat Uncle Sam Policy Number(s): 911

Langhorne, Maurice

Louisville, KY


John Not Available, KY

Fireman on Uncle Sam Policy Number(s): 914

Martin, Samuel Clarke County, KY


John Mobile, AL Laborer Policy Owen; R. Same New York

Number(s): 1242

Hamilton adminstrator of, George

Life Insurance Company

John Charleston, SC


Reynolds, Ignatius


John Henderson County, KY

Fireman on St. Boat Empire Policy Number(s): 829

Robertsone, Leonard


John Wilmington, NC




John Orleans, LA Policy dated Feb. 10, 1855, New Orleans, LA; Age 23; Occupation: Drayman

Murphy , Thomas P.

New Orleans, LA

Aetna Life Insurance Company

John Owen Jefferson, KY Carlton, L. ? Same American International Group, Inc.

John a/k/a Apollo

Charleston, SC


Levy, RM Same New York Life Insurance Company

John Davis Natchez, MS Slave Policy Number(s): 1644

Cox, SC Same New York Life Insurance Company

John Giles Wilmington, NC




John Govan King & Queen County, VA

Farmer on plantation Policy Number(s): 999


John Hooper Wilmington, NC



John Hunt Chesterfield County, VA




John Man Fayette, KY Hunter, John J. Same American International Group, Inc.

John McGuire Wilmington, NC



John Miller Charleston, SC



John Owen Louisville, KY

To be employed as a fireman or second cook on board of first class steam boats on the rivers between Louisville & New Orleans - or in the waters of Alabama & Tow Big Rivers until June. Policy Numbers(s): 1495

Chenoweth, Stephen


John Smith Fanquier, VA Castleman, Martha P.


John Taylor Fayette, KY , Hunter & Bruce Owners


John Walters Fredricksburg, VA

Machine builder and pattern maker Policy Number(s): 453

Bowen, Wm Same New York Life Insurance Company

John Wright Wilmington, NC

Common Laborer Policy Number(s): 203 (971, 1668)


Johnny Charleston, SC


Carrere, William Same New York Life Insurance Company

Jordan Fayette, KY , Hunter & Bruce Same American International Group, Inc.

Jordan Hancock



Hancock, Woodson


Jordan Lockett


Miner at the coal mines Policy Number(s): 1102



Jordan Porter Chesterfield County, VA

At work at Clover Hill Pitts Policy Number(s): 1228

Martin, Alexander


Joseph Augusta, GA Barber Policy Number(s): 1075

Savage, William Same New York Life Insurance Company

Josh Wilmington, NC

Book and shoe maker Policy Number(s): 527 (1211)


Joshua Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

Julius Charleston, SC


Poyas, Elizabeth Same New York Life Insurance Company

Kelly Swann Wilmington, NC




Lena Fayette, KY Hunter , John J., Same American

owner International Group, Inc.

Leonard Fayette, KY Bruce, Ja. ? M. Same American International Group, Inc.

Les a/k/a Leo Montgomery, AL



Lettia Charleston, SC



Augusta, GA


Letty Mobile, AL House servant Policy Number(s): 1310

Field, Joseph Same New York Life Insurance Company

Lewis Fayette, KY Castleman, Martha, owner


Lewis Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

Lewis Wilmington, NC

Carpenter Policy Number(s): 287 (959) (1863)



Lewis Not Available, KY

Fireman on Steam Boat Uncle Sam Policy Number(s): 912

Langhorne, Maurice

Louisville, KY


Lewis NOT LISTED,

Hand on Steam Boat Uncle Sam Policy Number(s): 1032

Langhorne, Maurice

Louisville, KY


Lewis Charleston, SC

Baker Policy Number(s): 918 (1760)


Lewis Henderson County, KY


Nunn, William Same New York Life Insurance

Company

Lewis Henderson County, KY


Smith, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Lewis Cole Chesterfield County, VA


Cole, Haley Same New York Life Insurance Company

Lewis Govan King & Queen County, VA

To be employed on a farm Policy Number(s): 998


Lewis Juniper Not Available,


SLAVEHOLDER NOT LISTED,


Lewis Mills Chesterfield County, VA




Lewis Watkins



Watkins, William Powhatan County, VA


Lewis Webb Fayette, KY , Hunter & Bruce, owners, assigned to W.W. Bruce Lexington


Lex Louisville, KY




Lilas a/k/a Silas

Martin County, NC

Farmer, Timber gatherer, Fishing Policy Number(s): 810

Hyman, John Williamston, NC


Logan Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

London Dabney

Clover Hill, VA


Darracott, John Richmond, VA

New York Life Insurance

Company

Lucy Fayette, KY Morgan, John H. Same American International Group, Inc.

Lucy Spotsylvania, VA

Wroten, George W., owner


Lucy Louisville, KY

Nurse Policy Number(s): 831

Thornton, Tyrel Same New York Life Insurance Company

Luisa a/k/a Louisa

Little Rock, AR

Servant woman Policy Number(s): 2491

Dodge, RL Same New York Life Insurance Company

Lunn Montgomery, AL

smith Policy Number(s): 1821


Lymas Henderson County, KY


McBride, Edward Same New York Life Insurance Company

Madison James





Mahala Wilmington, NC


Burch, James Same New York Life Insurance Company

Mahala Natchez, MS NOT LISTED Policy Number(s): 823 (1664)

Stanwood, George


March Montgomery, AL



Marcus Wilmington, NC

Laborer at mill Policy Number(s): 1153 (1857)



Marcus Wilmington, NC

A Slave Policy

Wooster, John Same New York Life

Number(s): 1648

Insurance Company

Maria Fayette, KY Hunter , John J. Same American International Group, Inc.

Maria Charleston, SC

Slave Policy Number(s): 1009 (1813)

Kershaw, Ann Same New York Life Insurance Company

Marshall Fayette, KY Brang, George W.


Martha Wilcox, AL Kenneyworth, Herman, owner


Martha Fayette, KY Parker, John, owner


Martha Louisville, KY


Satterwhite, Robert


Martha St. Francis, MO



Mary Wilmington, NC



Mary Ann Wilmington, NC

House Servant Policy Number(s): 529

De Rosset, Sarah Same New York Life Insurance Company

Mary Ann Mobile, AL House servant Policy Number(s): 1774

Stewart, Frederick


Mary Jane St. Louis, MO Policy dated Nov. 12, 1857; Age 10; Occupation: Nurse


Mary Swann Wilmington, NC

NOT LISTED Policy


New York Life

Number(s): 206

Insurance Company

Matilda Fayette, KY Windell, Rich ? Same American International Group, Inc.

Matilda Louisville, KY


Lomax, Michael Same New York Life Insurance Company

Matt Henderson County, KY


Muncaster, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Melinda Louisville, KY

Widow Policy Number(s): 330 (948)

Hite, Abraham Same New York Life Insurance Company

Mercer Spotsylvania, VA



Moses Fayette, KY Spurr, Barbara Same American International Group, Inc.

Murray Wilmington, NC

To be employed in a steam saw mill and turpentine distillery Policy Number(s): 1817

Bradley, CW Same New York Life Insurance Company

Myra Charleston, SC



Nace Union County, KY

Employee on steam boat Ambassador Policy Number(s): 939

Greenwell, Mary Same New York Life Insurance Company

Nancy St. Louis, MO Policy dated Nov. 12, 1857; Age 16; Occupation: House Servant


Nassau Montgomery, AL



Nat Louisville, KY




Nat Sims Frankfort, KY Barber Policy Number(s): 705 (1553)

Hunt, William Same New York Life Insurance Company

Nathan Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

Nathan Fayette, KY , Hunter & Bruce Same American International Group, Inc.

Nathan Henderson County, KY


Crenshaw, William


Nathan Henderson County, KY


Lambert, Thomas Same New York Life Insurance Company

Nathan York Chesterfield County, VA

miner Policy Number(s): 447 (1055)



Nearest Spotsylvania, VA



Ned Fanquier, VA Castleman, Martha P.


Ned Fayette, KY Morgan, John H. Same American International Group, Inc.

Ned Louisville, KY




Ned Blades Fayette, KY Hamilton, W.C. Same American

International Group, Inc.

Ned Lockett Chesterfield County, VA

Miner at coal mines Policy Number(s): 1100



Ned Martin Wilmington, NC

Cook Policy Number(s): 285 (957, 1816)




Ned Mills a/k/a Miller





Ned Richards Spotsylvania, VA

Phillips, Alex K., owner


Ned Tatum NOT LISTED,




Nelson Fayette, KY Lyle, Isabella Same American International Group, Inc.

Nelson Lafayette, KY Lyle, John T., (Isabella Lyle


Nelson Fayette, KY Parker, John, owner


Nelson Finley Chesterfield County, VA


Mills, Charles Richmond, VA


Nicholas Lafayette, KY Morgan, J.W. (owner Turner Ashley)


Nicholas Louisville, KY


Zumar, George Same New York Life Insurance Company

Norbonne Not Available, KY

Fireman on Steam Boat Uncle Sam

Martin, Samuel Clarke County, KY

New York Life Insurance


Company

Nork Natchez, MS House servant Policy Number(s): 1293

Robertson, William


Oliver Franklin County, Frankfort, KY

Fireman on Steam Boat Jack Shelby running between Frankfort & Louisville Policy Number(s): 1116

Sneed, Seurs Frankfort, KY


Ovid Wilmington, NC


Wooster, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Page Brown Fayette, KY Hamilton, Wesley C.


Paris Henderson County, KY


McBride, James Same New York Life Insurance Company

Patrick Cheatham





Patsey O'Hanlon

Fayetteville, NC


O'Hanlon, Margaret


Peggy Spotsylvania, VA

Cammach, John J., owner


Penny Snow Spotsylvania, VA

Gilman, Granville, owner


Perry Savannah, GA Laborer aboard steamboat Policy Number(s):

ILLEGIBLE, Thomas


393

Perry Brown Fayette, KY Hamilton, W.C. Same American International Group, Inc.

Peter Fayette, KY Morgan, John H. Same American International Group, Inc.

Peter Harrisson, MS This slave policy, which was issued by the Aetna Life Insurance Company, is not related to the Insurance Company of North America or Aetna Insurance Company. Peter is identified as a laborer.

Fountain, Francis Same ACE Property and Casualty Insurance Company

Peter NOT LISTED,




Peter Chesterfield County, VA




Peter Henderson County, KY

Fireman - Date of Death 02/48 Policy Number(s): 1587

Lambert, Thomas Same New York Life Insurance Company

Peter Oldham, KY Farm serv. Policy Number(s): 805

Le Nock, Samuel Louisville, KY


Peter Wilmington, NC

Employed at a mill Policy Number(s): 1151 (1849)

Bradley, Richard (Savannah, GA) and Giles, William Burke (Wilmington,



NC)

Peter Orleans, LA Policy dated June 21, 1855, New Orleans, LA; Age 27; Occupation: Laborer

Fountain, Francis Same Aetna Life Insurance Company

Peter Ellis Chesterfield County, VA


Ellis, Joseph Goochland County, VA


Phil Shankland ?

Spotsylvania, VA

Aler, George, owner


Philip Henderson County, KY

Fireman on Western River Policy Number(s): 826 (1735)


Philip Swann Chesterfield County, VA

Miner - Date of Death 08/28/46 Policy Number(s): 228

Clarke, FA Same New York Life Insurance Company

Phill Anderson





Phill Moody NOT LISTED,


Moody, David Chesterfield County, VA


Phillis Charleston, SC

Home servant Policy Number(s): 488 (1136) (1921)

Greenland, William


Phyllis Charleston, SC



Augusta, GA


Pleasant Chesterfield County, VA


Hancock, Higginson


Polly St. Louis, MO Policy dated Nov. 12, 1857; Age 18; Occupation: Nurse


Primus Wilmington, NC

--- Policy Number(s): 785


Providence Charleston, SC

Tailor Policy Number(s): 592 (1268)

King, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Rachel Wilmington, NC



Ralph Union County, KY



Randolph Chesterfield County, VA




Randolph Wright





Rebecca Fayette, KY Robards, Lewis C.


Reuben Chesterfield County, VA

Miner at the Mines - Chesterfield Policy Number(s): 1107

Archer, Richard Same New York Life Insurance Company

Reuben New Orleans, LA


Coleman, AB Same New York Life Insurance Company

Reuben Augusta, GA Moulder Policy Number(s):

Hopkins, Thomas Same New York Life Insurance

1527 Company

Reuben Orleans, LA Policy dated Feb. 10, 1855, New Orleans, LA; Age 22; Occupation: Drayman

Murphy , Thomas P.

New Orleans, LA


Reuben a/k/a Dutch





Reuben Rucker a/k/a Kercker

Owsley County, KY

Coal miner Policy Number(s): 944 (839) (1753)



Richard Fayette, KY Montgomery, William


Richard Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

Richard Martin County, NC




Richard Montgomery, AL

General servant Policy Number(s): 1828


Richard Johnson





Richard or Dick Sistrunk

Augusta, GA NOT LISTED Policy Number(s): 261

Sistrunk, Jacob Same New York Life Insurance Company

Richard Walker

Wilmington, NC



Rob Hoomes Spotsylvania, VA

Marge, John L., Jr., owner


Group, Inc.

Robert Fayette, KY Parker, John, owner


Robert Charleston, SC

Butcher Policy Number(s): 657

Happoldt, C Same New York Life Insurance Company

Robert Not Available, KY

Cabin boy Cincinnatti Policy Number(s): 1060

Miller, Warwick Louisville, KY




O'Brien, Thomas Same New York Life Insurance Company

Robert Augusta, GA Stove Boy Policy Number(s): 442 (1167)

Oliver, Stephen Same New York Life Insurance Company

Robert Mobile, AL House servant Policy Number(s): 1243



Robert Russellville, KY

Farmer Policy Number(s): 903 (1729, 2891)

Owens Jr., William




Reynolds; Thomas Ryan agent for, Rt Rev Bishop


Robert Hamburg, GA No particular occupation Policy Number(s): 1349

Walker, G Same New York Life Insurance Company

Robert Johnson

Spotsylvania, VA

Coull, John W. ? Same American International Group, Inc.

Robert Dick Washington, DC

Bowen, Anthony, owner


Robert Johnson

Fayette, KY Hamilton, W.C. Same American International

Walker Group, Inc.

Robert Moody

Clover Hill, VA

Miner at coal pits Policy Number(s): 925

Moody, James Chesterfield County, VA


Robert Parish Richmond, VA

Waugh, Thomas L., owner


Robin Mobile, AL carpenter Policy Number(s): 1247



Roger Wilmington, NC

To be employed at a steam saw mill in Policy Number(s): 1340

Sellers, Ann Same New York Life Insurance Company

Romeo Edgefield County, SC

To be employed in rice field Policy Number(s): 813

Walker, Charles Edgefield, SC


Ron a/k/a Rose

Charleston, SC



Augusta, GA


Rueben Morgan

Fayette, KY Scott, P., owner Same American International Group, Inc.

Sabrina Charleston, SC

Policy dated Aug. 11, 1856; Age 24; Occupation: Washer; 7 years in Charleston

Allen, Thomas P.; Hatch, L.M. and Hatch, E.E.

Same Aetna Life Insurance Company

Sally Jefferson County, KY

House servant on farm at New M Co., Policy Number(s): 983

Phillips, Henry Same New York Life Insurance Company

Sally Washington

Spotsylvania, VA

Aler, George, owner


Group, Inc.

Sam Fayette, KY Morgan, John H. Same American International Group, Inc.

Sam Columbus, GA


Adams, Patrick Same New York Life Insurance Company

Sam Savannah, GA Laborer Policy Number(s): 1866

Bradley, EC Wilmington, NC


Sam Chesterfield County, VA




Sam Augusta, GA Carriage painter Policy Number(s): 268



Sam Charleston, SC



Augusta, GA


Sam Wilmington, NC




Sam Berry Savannah, GA Laborer Policy Number(s): 1854


Wilmington, NC


Sam Jones Chesterfield County, VA


Moody, James Same New York Life Insurance Company

Sam Kiner Chesterfield County, VA




Sam Rid a/k/a Red





Sam Walker Wilmington, NC

Common Laborer Policy

Tyler, John Same New York Life

Number(s): 748

Insurance Company

Sampson Wilmington, NC

Penman in stream sawmill Policy Number(s): 526 (1210)


Sampson Louisville, KY

On board Steam Boat Ringold -- running between Louis. & N.C. Policy Number(s): 1087

Stewart, Patty Same New York Life Insurance Company

Samuel Breckenridge

Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

Samuel Hawkins

Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

Samuel Shepherd

Fayette, KY Hamilton, W.C. Same American International Group, Inc.

Sandford Macon, GA Apprentice to smith Policy Number(s): 1202

De Loache & Wilcosson,


Sandy Charleston, SC


Allen, PP Same New York Life Insurance Company





Laborer Policy Number(s): 322 (977, 2118)

Chapman, Amilia Same New York Life Insurance Company

Sanford St. Louis, MO Policy dated Nov. 12, 1857; Age 19; Occupation: Farm Hand


Sarah Fayette, KY Messick, Martha Same American

M., owner International Group, Inc.

Sarah Savannah, GA House servant Policy Number(s): 590

Adams, George Same New York Life Insurance Company

Sarah Charleston, SC


Cochran, Charles Same New York Life Insurance Company

Sarah Natchez, MS NOT LISTED Policy Number(s): 824 (1665)

Stanwood, George


Sawney Martin County, NC




Scott Louisville, KY



Scott Natchez, MS Servant Policy Number(s): 1834

Vennigerholy, C Same New York Life Insurance Company

Selina Wilmington, NC



Sellah Augusta, GA House servant Policy Number(s): 838


Shadrach Spotsylvania, VA

Grotz, John, owner


Simon Wilmington, NC

Laborer on a turpentine farm Policy Number(s): 1257


Sinclair Fayette, KY Hunter , John J. Same American International

Group, Inc.

Smart Charleston, SC

Stevedore Policy Number(s): 591 (1267)

Monthses; Levy J. Monthses trustee for, Adeline


Solomon Savannah, GA Laborer Policy Number(s): 1855


Wilmington, NC


Squire Franklin County, KY


Hall, Thomas Same New York Life Insurance Company

Squire On Island 36, Tipton County, TN

Farming & Woodchopping Policy Number(s): 1439


Louisville, KY


Squire Sackett


House server Policy Number(s): 972

Sackett, Ann Same New York Life Insurance Company

Stephen Fayette, KY Hart, Ann M., owner


Stephen Wilmington, NC

Laborer at a Turpentine farm Policy Number(s): 1258


Stephen Natchez, MS To be employed in the Natchez saw mill Policy Number(s): 1275



Stephen Franklin County, KY


Sneed, Henry Same New York Life Insurance Company

Stephen Edwards

Petersburg, VA

Policy dated May 13, 1856; Age 32; Occupation: Laborer

Nollner, S.B. Same Aetna Life Insurance Company

Sterling Fayette, KY Scott, P. Same American International Group, Inc.

Sukey Charleston, SC



Susan Fayette, KY Shaw, Hiram, owner


Susan Augusta, GA House servant Policy Number(s): 837


Sylvester Mobile, AL Female Policy Number(s): 1262



Tarlton Fayette, KY , Hunter & Bruce Same American International Group, Inc.

Tartan Charleston, SC



Augusta, GA


Thaddeus NOT LISTED,




Theodore Fayette, KY Bruce, John J. Same American International Group, Inc.

Thomas Spotsylvania, VA

Sanford, Joseph, owner


Thomas Henderson County, KY


Hart, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Thomas Wilmington, NC

A Slave Policy Number(s): 1647

Wooster, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Thomas Rich Caroline, VA Waugh, Thomas L., owner


Group, Inc.

Thornton Charleston, SC


Reynolds, Ignatius


Thornton Louisville, KY

St. Bt. Hand Policy Number(s): 1714

Smith; W.S.D McGowan for, WH


Thorton Spotsylvania, VA

Barton, Thomas B.


Tillman Louisville, KY

To be employed as fireman on board of a first class steam boat on the rivers between Louisville & New Orleans - or on the Alabama and Towbig Bee Rivers until June Policy Numbers(s): 1496

Chenoweth, Stephen


Toby Spotsylvania, VA

Sanford, Joseph, owner


Tom NOT LISTED,

Running on the River Policy Number(s): 445 (698)

Averill, Rebecca Anderson County, KY


Tom Union County, KY



Tom Natchez, MS Employed in the Natchez saw mill Policy Number(s): 1272



Tom Wilmington, NC


Smith, William Same New York Life Insurance Company

Tom Savannah, GA Laborer Policy Number(s): 1853


Wilmington, NC


Tom Hunter Fayette, KY Hunter, John J. Same American International Group, Inc.

Tom Wood Fayette, KY , Hunter & Bruce Same American International Group, Inc.

Tom Pollard Chesterfield County, VA


Hancock, Higginson


Tom Robinson

Savannah, GA Laborer Policy Number(s): 168

Robinson, Thomas


Tommy Miller

Charleston, SC



Toney Wilmington, NC

Employed on Turpentine Farm Policy Number(s): 1259


Vincent Henderson County, KY


Hancock, William


Vincent Nelson County, KY

Blacksmith Policy Number(s): 767 (1636)

Maddux, Mary Jane


Walker Caroline, VA Littleton, Flippo Same American International Group, Inc.

Wallace Jefferson County, KY

To be employed on steam boat Luna on the rivers Policy Number(s): 1179

Jones, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Walter Garner Washington, DC

Sherman, Charles E.


Warren Fayette, KY Morgan, John H. Same American International Group, Inc.

Warwick Jefferson County, KY

On Steam Boat Diane fireman - Date of Death 06/47 Policy Number(s): 1141

Jones, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

Washington Fayette, KY Castleman, C.W., owner


Washington Fanquier, VA James, J.W. (owner Turner Ashley)


Washington Wilmington, NC

Apprentice to a mason Policy Number(s): 374

Millman, James Same New York Life Insurance Company

Washington Wilmington, NC


Rourk, William Same New York Life Insurance Company

Washington Smith

Washington, DC

Wilson, Jesse B., owner


Whitmel Martin County, NC




Wiatt Fayette, KY Goodloe, D.J., owner


Wilkins Jassimine, KY Chrisman, L.H., owner


Will Wilmington, NC



Willaby Louisville, KY

Boatman steam boat Policy Number(s): 1120

Jones, Gabriel Same New York Life Insurance Company

William Fayette, KY Thompson, Chas R.


William Henderson County, KY


Beverly, Robert Same New York Life Insurance Company

William Henderson County, KY


Collier, Matilda Same New York Life Insurance Company

William Ghent, KY On steam boat Chancellor Policy Number(s): 764

Craig, Joseph Ghent, Carroll County, KY


William Henderson, KY

Fireman on boat running on western Policy Number(s): 902 (1539)

Griffin, Jesse Henderson County, KY


William Lexington, KY

Cook on steamboat Kentucky Louisiana and New Orleans Policy Number(s): 646

Harper, Catharine Same New York Life Insurance Company

William Augusta, GA In furniture store Policy Number(s): 1125 (1913)


William Louisville, KY



William Wilmington, NC

Turpentine distiller Policy Number(s): 1629

Robeson, Catherine


William Not Available, KY

Fireman on steam boat, Policy Number(s): 910

Speidle, John Henderson County, KY


William Brunswick County, NC




William Wilmington, NC

Servant on board a steamer Policy Number(s): 335 (994, 1751)

Walker, John Same New York Life Insurance Company

William Mobile, AL Drayman Policy Number(s): 1023 (1966)

Williams, Rodolphus


William Montgomery, AL



William Curd Fayette, KY , Hunter & Bruce Same American International Group, Inc.

William Hall Jefferson, KY Easton, Levi, Owner, Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland


William Henry Watkins





William Hunter

Fayette, KY Hunter, John J., owner


Group, Inc.

William Johnson

Owsley County, KY




William Madison

Fayette, KY Morgan, John H. Same American International Group, Inc.

William Maston





William Miles

Orleans, LA Policy dated Feb. 10, 1855, New Orleans, LA; Age 28; Occupation: Drayman

Murphy , Thomas P.

New Orleans, LA


William Phillips

Fayette, KY Morgan, John H. Same American International Group, Inc.

William Smith

Wilmington, NC

Brick Mason Policy Number(s): 202 (970) (1667)


William Watkins





William Wright

Wilmington, NC

Common laborer Policy Number(s): 643 (1359)


Willis Fayette, KY Lilly, Evan Same American International Group, Inc.

Wilson Chesterfield County, VA




Winney Davis ?

Spotsylvania, VA

Lawford, Joseph, owner


Winney Lawson

Essex, KY Bougham, Theodore P.


Group, Inc.

Woodley Wilmington, NC

Apprentice to a mason Policy Number(s): 375

Millman, James Same New York Life Insurance Company

Woodson Fayette, KY Bush, Ja ? M Same American International Group, Inc.

Zach Louisville, KY

Fireman - Date of Death 06/48 Policy Number(s): 1601


Addendum added July 15, 2002

Name of Slave

County (or Parish), State

Other Identifying Information

Slaveholder County (or Parish), State

Submitted By

Abel Charleston, SC

Slave Policy No. 35, $800.00.


Documents

Slave Era Insurance Registry