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that patients with ADHD display is not so much a problem of the simpleinhibition of a prepotent response (response inhibition in the No-GoTask). The problem with response inhibition becomes manifestedespecially when a Go response is to be negatively effected and“downregulated” due to the existence of negative contextual cues (e.g.the red No-Go stimulus) in the environment.
Reference
Karakas, S., et al., 2006. Amultidiciplinary andmultitechnological approach to attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder. (Project 2006K-120-640-06-08 funded by HacettepeUniversity, Center for Scientific Studies, Ankara, Turkey).
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.274
How manic phase affects performance on neuropsychologicaltests?
A. Doruk, N. Yazihan Torun, A. BalikciGьlhane Military Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine,Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
Previous studies indicate that mania affects ones' ability toconcentrate, reason, remember, and think. The extent and nature ofthese changes are less clear.
The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive characteristicsof patients who are in themanic phase and compare them to thosewhoare in the euthymic phase. The diagnosis of Bipolar I disorder andmanicepisode were made using SCID-I (according to DSM-IV). The sampleconsisted of 32males,16 ofwhichwere in themanic phase at the time oftesting (themean of YoungMania Scale score: 28.77), sixteen have beenin theeuthymicphase forminimal 3months (HamiltonDepressionScalescore: 5.09, YoungMania Scale: 4.0). Themanic group had amean age of24.12 years (20–34); euthymic group 25.93 years (20–40). The meanyears of education completed were 11.75 years (8–17) for the manicgroup and 12.87 years (8–16) for the euthymic group.
Cognitive functions were measured through 53 scores that thefollowing tests yielded: Stroop Test TBAG Form (ST); Verbal andNonverbal Cancellation Tests (CT), Serial Digit Learning Test (SDLT),Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Data were analysed using One-Way Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA), where age wasused as the covariate. The effect of “group variable” was found to besignificant (Wilks lambda: F(1, 29)=248.469, p= .05).
The effect was obtained for the completion time for the 4 subtestsof STP and the 4 subtests of CT; SDLT score; number of correct andincorrect responses in subtests of CT; learning and free recall,immediate recall, delayed recall and retroactive interference scoresin AVLT. The patients in the manic phase had a slower psychomotorspeed (they completed the STP and CT tasks in longer times), lowerlearning capacity (they had lower scores on SDLT and AVLT), lowerperformance on different types of memory (lower performance onimmediate memory and delayed memory).
A controlled study such as the present one should be replicatedin the future using a larger sample of participants in the manic andeuthymic phases.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.275
Slow oscillatory responses to tactile stimuli
A. Oniz, C. Guducu, B. Aydin, M. OzgorenDokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Biophysics Department,Izmir, Turkey
The objective of this study was to investigate the delta andtheta oscillatory responses to tactile stimuli by using oddballparadigm. The measurements were performed with eighteen sub-jects (21.39±2.75 ages; 12 male). Single type of tactile stimuli wasapplied to two fingers on the right hand: frequent (non-target)tactile stimuli and targets. The target (25%) stimuli were presentedon index finger and non-target stimuli (75%) were presented onmiddle finger randomly. Subjects counted the target stimuli mental-ly. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded from 64 chan-nels, 14 of which (F3, F4, FZ, CZ, C3, C4, T7, T8, P3, P4, P7, P8, O1, O2)were primarily analyzed. Peak-to-peak maximum amplitudesand prolongations of delta (0.5–3.5 Hz) and theta (4–7 Hz) weremeasured in 1000 ms following stimuli. The repeated measuresANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. In this present study,increases in delta (0.5–3.5 Hz) responses in distributed scalplocations and theta in parietal areas were observed. Delta responsesto target stimuli were higher than to non-target stimuli at F3, F4,FZ, CZ, C3, T7, P3, P4, P7, P8 and O2 recording sites (pb0.05, foreach comparison). Furthermore, theta responses to target stimuliwere higher than to non-target stimuli at P4, P7, and P8 (pb0.05, foreach comparison). In this tactile oddball paradigm, delta responsesto the both stimuli were highly distributed on the scalp. Conse-quently, delta and theta oscillations have been differentiated for thetarget and non-target stimuli and the results point to workingmemory during oddball paradigm. The relative simplicity of theparadigm as well as its non-invasiveness can enable further clinicalapplications.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.276
Modified MMN and Dichotic Listening paradigm applied inschizophrenia patients
A. Oniza, M. Ozgorena, S. Taslicaa, C. Guducua, A. Aktenerb,B. Akdedeb, K. Alptekinb
a Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics,Izmir, TurkeybDokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry,
Izmir, Turkey
The research studies aiming to elucidate the cognitive functionsboth in healthy individuals and pathologies require adaptation ofvarious new paradigms. Incorporating these experimental setups intoa reliable measurement design would be of greater importance forespecially the clinical applications. Accordingly, in our laboratory weutilized such a paradigm that presents a modified MMN and DichoticListening (DL). Recently, the mismatch negativity has attracted anumber of scientists in the clinical research area. Furthermore, inschizophrenia patients, sensitivity to assess the electrophysiologicalabnormality both in early and later stages of the disease wasaddressed. Additionally, the DL paradigm has a proven value for theschizophrenia. Therefore a battery of electrophysiological tests wasconstituted for obtaining optimal recording parameters and make useof cross-domain data to elucidate possible mechanisms from differentfeatures.
Fifteen patients (age 23–49 years, mean 34.1) with schizophrenia(DSM-IV criteria)/15 healthy control subjects (age 22–48 years,mean age 30.2) for the DL and 12 patients (age mean 35.2)/12healthy control subjects (mean age 30.8) were recruited andunderwent 64-channel EEG recording. The stimuli consisted ofauditory stimuli with duration, intensity, frequency and locationdeviants for the MMN and Dichotic Syllables (CV) for the DL. Thepreliminary MMN analysis revealed frequency and duration devia-tions to be decreased in schizophrenia patients in comparison
293Posters session 3 / International Journal of Psychophysiology 69 (2008) 276–316