Smart Hybrid Cities: Designing our Future Urban Environments … · · 2013-02-20Designing our Future Urban Environments Centro Congressi Palazzo Rospigliosi ... (Ubiquitous Autonomic

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http://www.smart-future.net

[email protected]

Norbert A. Streitz

Smart Future Initiative

Smart Hybrid Cities:Designing our FutureUrban Environments

Centro Congressi Palazzo RospigliosiRoma, 30.09.2010

Slide 2© Norbert Streitz – Smart Future Initiative Fondazione Ugo Bordoni, Roma, 30. September 2010

OverviewCity of the Future

Range of AssociationsUrban Age

World Population => Urban AreasUrban Life Management

Towards the Humane CityDigital, Virtual, Hybrid, Smart, Ubiquitous CitiesDimensions of the Hybrid City

Design ApproachAmbient IntelligenceExperience DesignSmartness and Privacy

Projects and ApplicationsCooperative Buildings and Roomware Disappearing Computer InitiativeAmbient AgorasOutdoor Urban Space Applications

Proposal for a new Research AgendaInterLink project: Towards The Humane City

Conclusions

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City of the Future: A wide range of associations


The Future ?

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Life in the City of the Future – Visions in the Past


Life in the City of the Future – past and presenceNoch einige Bilder

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Presence: The Invisible Hotel


Presence: LED - Eyelashes

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Urban AgeWord population:

will rise from 6.7 billion in 2007 to 9.2 billion in 2050by the end of 2008,half of the world population lived in urban areasby 2050, 70 % will live in cities (growth especially in Asia, Africa,..)in cities will rise from 3.3 billion to 6.4 billion in 2050Greater Tokyo has now about 35 million > Canada’s population

Population density (G-Econ project, Yale)


Urban Life ManagementOverall theme

improving the ways in which people can relateto other people and to the urban environment

Two perspectivesHow to manage a person’s/a group’s life in a city?How to manage the urban environment for the people?

ExamplesSmart Transportation and EnvironmentHealth Monitoring and Medical TherapyResponsible Citizenship:Facilitating Engagement and Involvement…

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Large Scale Efforts in Asia on City/Urban EnvironmentsJapan

Ubiquitous Networking ForumT-Engine Forum /uID CenterDigital Home / Ubiquitous HomeShift from e-Japan to “u-Japan” (Ubiquitous Network Society)Ambient Society

KoreaUCN program (Ubiquitous Autonomic Computing and Network), known before as “u-Auto” project clusteruT-Home/building => uT-Town => uT-Societyplan for 22 u-Cities: in 14 existing and 8 “new cities”

Singapore“iN-2015” Masterplan (Intelligent Nation Singapore)


Different Names and Connotations

Digital/ Virtual Cityearly notion of having virtual counterparts of citiesusually no concrete relationship to the “real” physical city

Ubiquitous City (u-City)primarily technology and infrastructure driven

Smart Citycity offering smart services, e-government, …most often used in the context of ICT research

Hybrid Cityequal significance of real and virtual worlds/citiescomprehensive integration results in Hybrid City

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Hybrid City

Hybrid City as a concept for integratingthe real city and the parallel virtual city

Incomplete match of reality and virtuality:virtual model is a reduced model of realitybut:virtual entities exist beyond reality

degree of modeling is determinedby the approximation that is sufficientfor the intended orientation and reasoning

Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo


Dimensions of Hybrid City - 1Reality dimension

Real <=> virtual Space/place/ context dimension

Local <=> Globaldesktop <=> office/living room <=> building, home, shop<=> public space <=> neighborhood <=> city <=> region<=> country <=> …

People/social activity dimensionindividual <=> group <=> teams <=> families <=> friends<=> communities <=> society

Smartness dimensioninteractive <=> augmented <=> smarthuman in the loop <=> fully automated

System-Oriented, Importunate SmartnessPeople-Oriented, Empowering Smartness vs.

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Dimensions of Smart Hybrid City

Real City

Virtual City

IndividualActivities

Group/SocialActivities

LocalContext

GlobalContext


Next StepsThere are many ways addressing the challenges and issuesof Hybrid and Smart Cities.

But what kind of city do we like to have?

A technology-driven and –dominated one?

Probably not!

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Next Steps: Towards The Humane CityVision:

A city where people enjoy everyday life and work,have multiple opportunities to exploit their human potentialand lead a creative life.Thus, we call it “The Humane City”.

Issues:(besides the economic, political and social issues)

how can ICTs support people in such a humane city?what are the design goals and how to realize them?


Towards the Humane City

Humane Cityits initial meaning is/was independent of technology,but it provides a relevant goal orientation on top ofconcepts like Ubiquitous, Smart and Hybrid Citiesoption of adapting concepts from cities in theold Greek tradition with institutions as the ‘agora’, etc.need for a less technology-driven but morehuman-oriented approach and vision for future citiessupporting responsible citizenship and engagementpart of a Creative and Inclusive Society(tangible emotion, fun for 5 seconds, …)

(=> EU-funded Project InterLink)

Real City Hybrid City Smart City Humane City

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The Future of LifestylesThe values and guidelines for the Humane City are part ofmore comprehensive developments and trends as, e.g.:

LOHAS - Lifestyles Of Health And SustainabilityValues: Health, Well-being, Selfness, Responsibility, Community,

Sustainability, Design, EnjoymentWell-being => ExperiencesFuture of Work

No clear-cut borders between work and other activities in your lifeFlexibility and mobility: advantages and disadvantages Polyphasic activities caused by ubiquitous collaborationWork-Life Balance

Future of markets => Experience EconomyLeisure but also social activities part of an Experience Economy

Technology as a mediator for achieving these values


Seven Claims for Future Developments

1) The more the computer disappears and becomes

invisible, the more it determines our lives

2) It’s all there in the environment

=> no need to carry devices

The city is the interface.

3) People-friendly environments in which

the “computer-as-we-know-it” has no role

4) From information design to experience design

5) New affordances for facilitating coherent experiences

6) Smart spaces make people smarter

7) Privacy might become a commodity and a privilege

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Design Approach

InterdisciplinaryApproach & Team

• ComputerScience

• ElectricalEngineering

• Psychology

• Design

• Architecture

• Sociology


The Disappearing Computer

The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday lifeuntil they are indistinguishable from it(Weiser, Scientific American, 1991)

It seems like a paradox but it will soon become reality:The rate at which computers disappear will be matchedby the rate at which computer/information technologywill increasingly permeate our environmentsand determine our lives.(Streitz & Nixon, Communications of the ACM, March 2005).

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Ambient Intelligence (AmI) - 1

Ambient Intelligenceis a “human-centered” approach combining ubiquitous,pervasive, proactive, ambient computing and communicationwith social interfaces

EU-ISTAG report on “Scenarios for Ambient Intelligence in 2010”(ISTAG = Information Society Technology Advisory Group)Excerpt from original statement:„… everywhere, embedded in everyday objects,… smart materials, aware of human presence and personalities, engage in intelligent dialogue, should be unobtrusive, often invisible; everywhere and yet in our consciousness nowhere unless we need it. Interaction should be relaxing and enjoyablefor the citizen and should not involve a steep learning curve.


Ambient Intelligence (AmI) - 2My definition for the ERCIM Working Group SESAMI :Ambient Intelligence represents a vision of the (not too far) future where "intelligent" or "smart" environments and systems react in an attentive, adaptive, and active (often even proactive) way to the presence and activities of humans and objects in order to provide intelligent/smart services to the inhabitants of these environments.

Ambient Intelligence technologies integrate sensing capabilities, processing power, reasoning mechanisms, networking facilities, applications and services, digital content, and actuating capabilities distributed in the surrounding environment.While a wide variety of different technologies is involved, the goal of Ambient Intelligence is to hide their presence from users, by providing implicit, unobtrusive interaction paradigms. People and their social situations, ranging from individualsto groups, be them work groups, families or friends and their corresponding environments (office buildings, homes, public spaces, etc) are at the centre of the design considerations.

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Ambient Intelligence (AmI) - 3

"Eyewidth"PhysicalInteractionCapabilities

MEMS andNanotechnologies

2000 onwards

Ambicosm

“Storewidth”Wireless andWirelineBandwidth

Optics1990s onwards

Telecosm

BandwidthSilicon-basedProcessingPower

Microelectronics1980s onwards

Microcosm

DefiningLimitation

DefiningAbundance

DefiningTechnology

Time scaleEra

from: N. Streitz & G. Privat: Ambient Intelligence.In C. Stephanidis (Ed). The Universal Access Handbook. Taylor & Francis, 2009


Ambient Computing and Interactioncomputer functionality moves more into the background,in the periphery of our attention (=> ambient)

ambient displays are unlike traditional displays

anything can be a “display”=> smart materials and multiple modalities

often based on metaphors from the real world(e.g., sounds => network traffic)

“The world around us“ is the ‚interface‘ to information

Claim:No need to carry computing devices with us.It’s all in the environment: „everything is everywhere“

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Multi-Person Ambient EnvironmentsExtensions of the “traditional” UbiComp approach:Not only many devices for one person,but many “devices”, resp. interaction opportunitiesfor many people,=> ambient environments are

multiple-”devices”, multiple-users environments

one person => groups and teams => communities => cities

New challenges for the design of interaction, group interfaces,Relationship to CSCW (Computer-Supported Cooperative Work), Web 2.0 …. social web …. social (network) softwaregoing on-line not only to be informed and to inform others,but to live a social life, to have experiences, …


From Web 2.0 => Web++ or Hybrid WebIntegration of virtual and real worlds

Integration of real, virtual and social domains

Going beyond an “internet of things” ---taking “reality tagging” to the extreme

Hybrid worlds consisting of multiple, joint communitiesof people and artefacts with symmetric actions and effectsin both (all) worlds

From information design to experience design

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Information Design => Experience DesignTowards an Experience Economy

Entertainment Industry

Facilitating experience-oriented activities and processessocial processes, leisure activities, games, ….in public spaces, in the home, but also in office environments, …

Designing Experiences (and then controlling them)Direct experience/perception using our human sensesIndirect and mediated experiences

- making invisible things „visible“ (e.g., radioactivity, network traffic, …)- aggregating parameters to convey higher level concepts

(activities of a person, atmosphere/ambience of a room/building, …)- social experiences (awareness, connectedness, …)


Smart EnvironmentsSystem-oriented, importunate smartness

- More or less automatic behavior based on collected data, …- Intelligent Home (domotica, …)- BUT: refrigerator ordering items although

we can’t consume it due to circumstancesbeyond the refrigerator's knowledge such asunanticipated absence, illness, …

People-oriented, empowering smartness- implies that the human is in the loop and

can take mature, informed actions basedon suggestions, recommendations

⇒ “smart spaces make people smarter”BUT: how much feedback do we want/

can we process?

(Streitz et al, IEEE Computer, March 2005)

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Tricky Trade-off for Creating “Smartness”There is an interaction and balance/ trade-off between

able to provide support based on collecting andusing sensor data and using them for selecting,tailoring functionality to make the system “smart”

and the right of people to be in control over which dataare collected, by whom, how they are used => privacy

(Note: People are willing to provide their data forcertain benefits, e.g., loyalty/ payback cards, …)

Design issues and implications for privacy: How can people know what is going on, when they are not aware of it, when they don’t “see” the sensors, the devices?Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs)


Perspectives on Privacy

Privacy as a legal and moral right

Privacy as a socially negotiated feature

Privacy as a commodity you pay for and trade

Privacy as a privilege (implication of above)

Two aspects:Outgoing data (logging, tracking, surveillance, …)Incoming data (intrusion, unsolicited communication, …)

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Remember? -- Private calls in a public space


Reinventing Privacy …

Talk in Private 25¢

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Avoiding mobile phone disturbance at the White House

Cabinet members need to leave their BlackBerrys at the door in a basket when meetingwith President Obama. A White House video reveals the less than high-tech solutionused to ensure Hillary Clinton doesn't leave with Eric Holder's phone. (Photo: White House)


Applications for Smart Urban Environments

Cooperative BuildingsOffices and WorkspacesElectronic Classroom for Schools & UniversitiesHospitalsSmart Home / House

Public SpacesEntertainment and LeisureInformation and Awareness (e.g., pollution)Infotainment via Experiences

Social and Leisure ActivitiesCommunication and CoordinationEntertainmentAwareness and ConnectednessEngagement and Involvement (responsible citizenship)

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Cooperative Buildings

Cooperative Buildingsare serving the purpose of cooperation and communicationby providing facilities and computer-supported functionality

and at the same time they are „cooperative“ towards their inhabitants, visitors, users, …via attentive, active, adaptive environments=> Smart Environments

Viewing buildings as (multimedia/ambient/ubiquitous) interfacesto information and for communication and cooperation


Roomware®

Roomware components result from theintegration of room elements withinformation and communication technology

Roomware components areinteractive and networkedmobile (some) with independent power supplyand wireless networksprovided with sensing technology

Roomware components are theconstituents of Cooperative Buildings

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i-LAND -an interactive landscape for creativity and innovation

Vision Scribble of i-LAND (1997)


2nd Generation of Roomware® (1999)

DynaWall® CommChair® InteracTable® ConnecTable®

+ Passage (physical bookmark in the virtual world)

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“The Disappearing Computer”was a “proactive initiative”Future and Emerging Technology (FET)Information Society Technology (IST)

17 projects were accepted for funding55 institutions from academia and industry, 21 universities,16 research institutes, 18 companies in 15 countries

Steering group of the DC-NetworkChair: Norbert Streitz (Fraunhofer-IPSI, Germany)

DC website: http://www.disappearing-computer.net


Comprehensive Book on „The Disappearing Computer“

Norbert StreitzAchilles KameasIrene Mavrommati (Eds),The Disappearing Computer:Interaction Design,System Infrastructures andApplications for Smart Environments

State-of-the-Art SurveyLNCS 4500Springer, Heidelberg, 2007

Forewords from:- The European Commission- Emile Aarts (Philips)- Gregory Abowd (Georgia Tech)

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DC-Project: Ambient AgorasAmbient Agoras: Dynamic Information Clouds in a Hybrid World

Partners:Fraunhofer-IPSI (Darmstadt, D) (coordinator)Electricité de France (EDF) (Paris, F)- Laboratory for the Design of Cognition (LDC)- DALT (design consulting firm, Brussels)Wilkhahn (Bad Münder, D)- FOD business unit and production unit- Wiege design

Website: www.ambient-agoras.org


Agora ( ἀγορά ) as a guideline for future citiesThe Agora (Greek: Ἀγορά, Agorá) was an open "place of assembly“in ancient Greek city-states. Early in Greek history (900s–700s BCE),free-born male land-owners who were citizens would gather in theagora for military duty or to hear statements of the ruling king orcouncil. It is also said to be the birthplace of Greek democracybeing a market place of ideas and discussion.

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Goals of the DC-Project Ambient Agoras

to transform places into social marketplacesof ideas and information (“Greek agoras”)

to add layers of situated services and place-relevant information

to augment the social architectural space

to provide a spirit of the place (“genius loci”)

to address privacy issues in sensor-based environments


Ambient Agoras: Lounge Area

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Augmented Lounge Area

Hello.Wall

ViewPort

situated information based on sensing data


Conveying Experiences via Ambient Displays

Communication by using simple, atmospheric(light) patterns that are intuitively experienced

public patterns: are known to everybody

personal patterns: users can createthem on their own or for a defined group.signs with “exclusive semantics”allow to show private informationin public spaces (notification, awareness, …)

enriching and detailing information via “borrowed” displaysof additional artefacts (e.g., ViewPort)

aesthetic quality => Informative Art

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Scenario: “Connecting Remote Sites”

Fraunhofer IPSI, Darmstadt EDF-LDC, Paris

Goal: Providing notification and awareness about presence and mood of teamsin different locations in order to facilitate informal communication


Hello.Wall in Lounge Area

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ViewPort and Pattern Combination at Hello.Wall


Privacy via the „Personal Aura“two matching parts:

ID stick (contains unique identity and optional personal information)reader module (“broadcasts” different identities)

each person has multiple ID sticks symbolizing different roles if people want to signal their current social role they do soby simply connecting a specific ID stick to the reader moduleor they stay “invisible” in a sensor-based environment

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Hello.Wall and Personal Aura


Urban Space Outdoor Applications

Navigation Support (e.g., on mobile phones)

Media Façade Installations

Hybrid Urban Games (Pacman in the streets)

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Massive Use of Mobile Phone-Based Navigation ServiceA prominent example is the Navitime service (4 million users in Japan)Navitime’s impact on pedestrian experiences(Arikawa, Konomi & Ohnishi, 2007)

Using Navitime on a GPS-enabled mobile phone


Supporting Collaboration in Urban SpaceThe Askus platform (Konomi et al., 2009) supports urban-scale mobile collaboration among friends and strangers based on location and user status

Askus prototype Field trial in central Tokyo

Where“Akihabara”

Request“Is there aSushi Restaurant?”

Nickname“BB”

Confirm

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Media Façade Installations - 1BlinkenlightsHaus des Lehrers, Berlin(Chaos Computer Club, 2001)


Media Façade Installations - 2

Crystal Mesh, SingaporeDesign by Realities United, Berlin

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Media Façade Installations - 3

Realizations by Magic Monkey (Brussels)


Human Pacman: Example for Hybrid City Applications

Adrian Cheok, Mixed Reality Lab Singapore, now Keio Univ., Japan

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Pacman outdoor action and multiple views

Pacman collects virtual cookie by walking through it


Research Lines for Future Research AgendasEU-funded project InterLink

Focus of the orientation for the Working Group 2“Ambient Computing and Communication Environments”:

Towards the Humane City:Designing Future Urban Interaction and Communication Environments

• Results of four Workshops (held in Germany, France, Japan)with international experts from Europe, Asia, Australia, USto be published as a “white paper”.

• Identification of 12 Research Linesbridging the gap between today’s stateand the vision of the future

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Research Lines: 1-6R1: Rationale for Humane/All-inclusive Cities (users are citizens, …)

R2: Tangible Interaction and Implicit vs. Explicit Interaction

R3: Hybrid Symmetric Interactionsymmetrical, bidirectional action/interaction between real and(multiple virtual) worlds transformations of representations

R4: Space-Time Dispersed Interfacesdynamic allocation of resources following trajectories in space and time

R5: Crowd and Swarm Based Interaction

R6: Spatial and Embodied Smartnesssmart spaces as distributed cognitive systems, outside-in robot


Research Lines: 7-12

R7: Awareness and Feedback(sensors , physiological, environmental …)

R8: Emotion Processing (affective computing)

R9: Social Networks and Collective Intelligence

R10: Self-Organization in Socially Aware Ambient Systems

R11: Realization and User Experience of Privacy and Trust

R12: Scaling (a horizontal issue)(fuzzy boundaries of smart spaces, conflict of interest among AmI-spaces, availability/ownership of public/private resources)

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Conclusions: The City as an Urban Network for Humans

Humans – Citizens – Humane CityUrban Life Management

Computer disappears, Ambient Intelligencedetermines our lives Smartness

Experience Design Public SpacesPrivacy Cooperative Buildings

Human-in-the-Loop SustainabilityCreative Society: Smart Eco-System

individual & collective Interaction substrate Urban Age

Digital City – Hybrid City – Smart City


More Information …

www.smart-future.net

www.roomware.de

www.disappearing-computer.net

www.ambient-agoras.org

http://interlink.ics.forth.gr

contact: [email protected]

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Smart Hybrid Cities: Designing our Future Urban Environments … · · 2013-02-20Designing our Future Urban Environments Centro Congressi Palazzo Rospigliosi ... (Ubiquitous Autonomic