SMQ 6014 - ASSIGNMENT 1-1.pptx

8/14/2019 SMQ 6014 - ASSIGNMENT 1-1.pptx

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Assignment 1

OPERATIONAL RESEARCH

SMQ6014

Lecturer:

Dr Nurul Huda binti Mohamed


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Mohamad Nazrin Bin Ishak

Mohd Azrif Bin Mohamad Ali

Muhammad Yusri Bin MuhammadMuhammad Abdah Bin Mohtar @ Mukhtar

GROUP MEM ER


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The historyand the developmentof

Operational Research (OR) and its

applicationsin real life situations.

TOPIC


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Introduction of OR

1. Operational research (OR) encompasses a widerange of problem-solving techniques and methodsapplied in the pursuit of improved decision-makingand efficiency, such assimulation, mathematicaloptimization, queueing theoryand other stochastic-

process models.

2. Operations research (OR) is an analytical method ofproblem-solving and decision-making that is usefulin the management of organizations.

3. Dominique A. Heger, Fortuitous Technology,([email protected]), Austin, TX, 2006 - Describesthe discipline that is focused on the application ofinformation technology for informed decision-

making.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_optimizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_optimizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_optimizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_optimizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_optimizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation


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Objectives of OR

Decision making and improve its quality.

Identify the optimum solution.

Integrating the system.

Improve the objectivity of analysis.

Minimize the cost and maximize the profit.

Improve the productivity.

Success in competitions and marketleadership.


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History of OR

1. Operational research (OR) originated in the effortsof military planners during World War II.

2. OR started just before World War II in Britain with

the establishment of teams of scientists to study thestrategic and tactical problems involved in military

operations.

3. The object ive was to find the most effectiveutilisation of limited military resources by the use of

quantitative techniques.

4. Also known as operations research or operations


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Development of OR

1. The techniques began to be applied morewidely to problems in business, industry andsociety.

2. Since that time, operational research hasexpanded into a field widely used in industriesranging from petrochemicals to airlines, finance,logistics, and government.

3. Moving to a focus on the development ofmathematical models that can be used toanalyse and optimize complex systems, andhas become an area of active academic andindustrial research.


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Application of OR

1. Manufacturers

o Manufacturers used operations research to make

products more efficiently, schedule equipment

maintenance, and control inventory and

distribution.

o And success in these areas led to expansion into

strategic and financial planning, and into such

diverse areas as criminal justice, education,

meteorology, and communications.


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Cont

o A number of major social and economic trendsare increasing the need for operations

researchers.

o In todays global marketplace, enterprizes mustcompete more effectively for their share of profits

than ever before.

o And public and non-profit agencies mustcompete for ever- scarcer funding dollars.


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Cont

o This means that all of us must become moreproductive.

o Volume must be increased.

o Consumers demands for better products and

services must be met.

o Manufacturing and distribution must be faster.

o Products and people must be available just in

time.


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2. Employment in operations research.

o Many large firms have groups of OR analysts(commonly 4 to 12 people).

o These are located in the steel, mining, oil, gas,chemicals, paper and engineering industries; airlines,

railways, banking and insurance.

o Within the public sector, OR analysts are alsoemployed in health, education and electricitysupply.

o Not all of these people have the formal title ofOperations Research Analyst and may be locatedin departments such as Industrial Engineering,Management Services or Corporate Research.


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Airline Industry

PROBLEM :

Delta flies over 2500 domestic flight legs each day

and uses

about 450 aircraft from 10 different fleets, and the

objective

was to assign aircraft to flight legs in such a way

that revenues

from seats are maximized.

Flow chart of the OR Process

I. PLANNING

II. IMPLEMENTATION

III. FOLLOW-THROUGH


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Conclusion

OR needs to be integrated as an essential part ofmonitoring and evaluation (M&E) efforts.

Thus, the concept of MOREcould become a

new paradigm enhancing the practice of

integrating monitoring, research and evaluation

dimensions as one common component into

program management systems.


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FLEET ASSIGNMENT AT DELTA

AIRLINES

PROBLEM:Delta flies over 2500 domestic flight legs each day

and uses about 450 aircraft from 10 different fleets,

and the objective was to assign aircraft to flight legs

in such a way that revenues from seats aremaximized

OBJECTIVE:To ensure that an aircraft of the "correct" size be

available when required and where required.

Unfortunately, ensuring that this can happen is

tremendously complicated since there are a number


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EXAMPLE OF MODEL APPLIED


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References

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_research

2. http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operation

s-research-OR

3. http://fortuitous.com/docs/primers/OR-intro.pdf

4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_light

5. http://www.pitt.edu/~jrclass/or/or-

intro.html#Delta

6. http://www.asor.ms.unimelb.edu.au/career/right.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_researchhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://fortuitous.com/docs/primers/OR-intro.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_lighthttp://www.pitt.edu/~jrclass/or/or-intro.htmlhttp://www.pitt.edu/~jrclass/or/or-intro.htmlhttp://www.asor.ms.unimelb.edu.au/career/right.htmlhttp://www.asor.ms.unimelb.edu.au/career/right.htmlhttp://www.asor.ms.unimelb.edu.au/career/right.htmlhttp://www.asor.ms.unimelb.edu.au/career/right.htmlhttp://www.pitt.edu/~jrclass/or/or-intro.htmlhttp://www.pitt.edu/~jrclass/or/or-intro.htmlhttp://www.pitt.edu/~jrclass/or/or-intro.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_lighthttp://fortuitous.com/docs/primers/OR-intro.pdfhttp://fortuitous.com/docs/primers/OR-intro.pdfhttp://fortuitous.com/docs/primers/OR-intro.pdfhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_research

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SMQ 6014 - ASSIGNMENT 1-1.pptx