Socialization and Socialization and Social RestraintSocial Restraint

Chapter 7Chapter 7

Key WordsKey Words

Anticipatory Anticipatory SocializationSocialization

Identity confusionIdentity confusion Identity crisisIdentity crisis Peer groupPeer group Primary AgentPrimary Agent Reference GroupReference Group Secondary AgentSecondary Agent SecularSecular SocializationSocialization Workplace CultureWorkplace Culture

Erik EriksonErik Erikson

How do we become How do we become Socialized?Socialized?

What is socialization??What is socialization??

The process that an individual goes The process that an individual goes through to acquire a self-identity and through to acquire a self-identity and social skills needed for survival.social skills needed for survival.

Sociologists agree that the Sociologists agree that the environment impacts our development environment impacts our development and behaviour, but what we inherit and behaviour, but what we inherit genetically impacts our physical make-genetically impacts our physical make-up.up.

SocializationSocialization

……is learned by interacting with other is learned by interacting with other people, not from books or instructionpeople, not from books or instruction

……begins in early childhood within the begins in early childhood within the family structurefamily structure

……strongly influences the kind of person strongly influences the kind of person you become, perhaps even more than you become, perhaps even more than your genetics doyour genetics do

……is strongest during childhood to early is strongest during childhood to early adulthood, but can continue for the rest of adulthood, but can continue for the rest of your life.your life.

Agents of SocializationAgents of Socialization

FamilyFamily Mass MediaMass Media PeersPeers ReligionReligion SchoolSchool WorkplaceWorkplace

The family (Primary Agent)The family (Primary Agent)

Primary Agents are the agents Primary Agents are the agents responsible for the basic norms and responsible for the basic norms and values of society during childhood.values of society during childhood.

The family is one of these.The family is one of these.

Socialized by commands and ordersSocialized by commands and orders

Praise and punishmentPraise and punishment

Unintentional socializationUnintentional socialization

Societal norms and values are transferred Societal norms and values are transferred (cultural stories and tales).(cultural stories and tales).

Put in youth programs to interact with other Put in youth programs to interact with other children and adultschildren and adults

Secondary Agents of Secondary Agents of SocializationSocialization

These are meant to continue the These are meant to continue the socialization started by the family.socialization started by the family.

Schools are most important of these.Schools are most important of these.

First time another adult was in First time another adult was in charge of you?charge of you?

Teacher nice but not loving like Teacher nice but not loving like family?family?

Teacher enforced rules impartially?Teacher enforced rules impartially? No negotiations?No negotiations? Some kids get more than others?Some kids get more than others?

Changes in schoolingChanges in schooling

More two parent families = less time More two parent families = less time with kidswith kids

Schools do more “family” tasksSchools do more “family” tasks KindergartenKindergarten Kids stay in school longerKids stay in school longer College/universityCollege/university 16-18 years in educational setting.16-18 years in educational setting.

Peer and Reference GroupsPeer and Reference Groups

We know what peers are. Peer groups We know what peers are. Peer groups are groups of people of similar age and are groups of people of similar age and status who we interact with.status who we interact with.

They are also “reference groups.” We try They are also “reference groups.” We try to refer to these when looking for the to refer to these when looking for the solutions to problems.solutions to problems.

Peer groups do a lot for us:Peer groups do a lot for us:-Teach how to share, handle conflict, -Teach how to share, handle conflict, participate with others, and measure our participate with others, and measure our abilities physically, socially, and abilities physically, socially, and mentally.mentally.

Finding our IdentitiesFinding our Identities

Erik Erikson (he’s back) made the Erik Erikson (he’s back) made the term, “Identity Crisis.”term, “Identity Crisis.”

Who am I? Where am I going?Who am I? Where am I going?

A lot of pre-industrialized societies’ A lot of pre-industrialized societies’ adolescents have this determined for adolescents have this determined for them. In post-industrial societies, it is them. In post-industrial societies, it is not so easy.not so easy.

Identity CrisisIdentity Crisis

This happens when This happens when we have not we have not formed an identity formed an identity for ourselves yet.for ourselves yet.

We are still reliant We are still reliant on our peerson our peers

The MediaThe Media

We know it is important. It has a We know it is important. It has a strong ability to impact us, especially strong ability to impact us, especially children.children.

Between 1955 and 1989, children Between 1955 and 1989, children went from spending 1.2 hours a day went from spending 1.2 hours a day of television, to 4 hours a day.of television, to 4 hours a day.

Look at Page 238.Look at Page 238.

What is different about TV from What is different about TV from other media?other media?

Rapid movements, loud sounds = Rapid movements, loud sounds = constant orientation to the screen = constant orientation to the screen = nervous system is active.nervous system is active.

Interactions between people and Interactions between people and events are “vivid” and shortevents are “vivid” and short

Several senses stimulated at once.Several senses stimulated at once. More emotional reaction due to more More emotional reaction due to more

vivid actionvivid action Little time to process and reflect.Little time to process and reflect.

TelevisionTelevision

Television is unlike other agents of Television is unlike other agents of socialization. It is only one-way.socialization. It is only one-way.

It has an enormous impact on It has an enormous impact on children. Why do you think this is?children. Why do you think this is?

Media as an Agent of Media as an Agent of SocializationSocialization

There is a lot of concern by children’s There is a lot of concern by children’s groups about the impact of television groups about the impact of television on children.on children.

This has been going on for thirty This has been going on for thirty years.years.

Concerns focus on violence and Concerns focus on violence and sexual images mainly.sexual images mainly.

Does TV cause violence?Does TV cause violence?

Concern that children will be Concern that children will be influenced by what they see on influenced by what they see on television.television.

Stereotyping on TelevisionStereotyping on Television

StereotypesStereotypes

WorkWork

Assignment due next Tuesday.Assignment due next Tuesday.

Do #2 and 3 on page 241. Instead of Do #2 and 3 on page 241. Instead of the “As a class” parts though, do it the “As a class” parts though, do it on your own. Pick a show that you on your own. Pick a show that you watch and answer the questions.watch and answer the questions.