Sociology: A Backgrounder

7/23/2019 Sociology: A Backgrounder

1/24

Itbb ]`qbt}`ofx Xbe}ljxbs

]jab :Itbb ]`qbt}`ofx Xbe}ljxbs

DJCGAT@RFH OFXNB SXRH_ @IS@CO@L@A_ jfhJFXNT@]@L@A_

]tbsbfxbh d;CBCOLLB E& KJLDRBFJ
http://www.powerpointstyles.com/http://www.powerpointstyles.com/http://www.powerpointstyles.com/http://www.powerpointstyles.com/http://www.powerpointstyles.com/


2/24


]jab 4

S@CO@L@A_

Hbtoybh itè xq` xbtes;+ L@ARS scobfcb `t sxrh

+ S@CORS at`r} `t }jxxbtfs

S`co`là os xnb scobfxoioc sxrh ì

nrejf s`cobx jfh s`cojl ofxbtjcxo`fs&
http://www.powerpointstyles.com/http://www.powerpointstyles.com/


3/24


]jab 3

Nbfcb, s`co`là hbjls qoxn xnb sxrh ì

at`r}s& Itè xnos, }jxxbtfs ì dbnjyo`tby`lyb& Tbljxo`fsno}s jtb hbybl`}bh jfhat`r} loib os jcnobybh&

Ox os clbjt xnjx xnb }toejt i`crs ìs`co`là os f`x `f ofhoyohrjls jfhofhoyohrjl dbnjyo`t drx `f s`cojl dbnjyo`t&


4/24


]jab 8

QN_ H@ QB SXRH_S@CO@L@A_0

:& X` rfhbtsxjfhs`co`là os xnb sxrh ìs`cobx

4& Bfc`rtjabs ctoxocjl xnofgofa Ije`rs

]bxbt Dbtabt zr`xb; Ox cjf db sjoh xnjxxnb iotsx qoshè ì s`co`là os xnosxnofas jtb f`x qnjx xnb sbbe

3& Gf`qlbhab ì s`cojl i`tcbs aoybs rs}`qbt `ybt xn`sb i`tcbs

8& Rlxoejxbl, ejgb xnb q`tlh j dbxxbt}ljcb0


5/24


]jab 2

Xnb Scobfxoioc Ebxn`h

S`co`là jfh Scobfcb

Scobfcb os &&&j d`hy ìsysxbejxocjlly jttjfabh

gf`qlbhab xnjx sn`qs

xnb `}btjxo`f ì abfbtjl

ljqs& Js j scobfcb, s`co`là

be}l`s xnb scobfxoiocebxn`h&

I`terljxb n}`xnbsbs

Cn``sb tbsbjtcn hbsoaf

Ajxnbt Hjxj

Jfjl{b Hjxj

Tbyobq ì loxbtjxrtb


6/24


]jab 9

Dbofa j scobfcb, s`co`là rsbs

ebxn`hs jfh xbcnfozrbs ì ofzrot jfhofybsxoajxo`fs qnocn jtb scobfxoioc&

Scobfxosxs sxrh cbtxjof }b`}lb `t bybfxsx` iofh }jxxbtfs& Fjxrtjl scobfxosxs sxrh

xnb fjxrtjl q`tlh&

Of xnb sxrh ì s`co`là, `fb l``gs jxxnb qjs of qnocn at`r}s jtb i`tebh,

jfh xnb tbsrlxs ì at`r} c`fhrcx&


7/24

Itbb ]`qbt}òfx Xbe}ljxbs ]jab 1

JTBJS @I S@CO@L@A_ .Njrsbt/

:& S@COJL @TAJFO[JXO@F% c`ybts xnb sxrh ì yjto`rs s`cojlofsxoxrxo`fs, s`cojl at`r}s, s`cojlsxtjxoiocjxo`f, s`cojl e`dolox,

drtbjrctjc, bxnfoc at`r}s jfh `xnbtsoeoljt jcxoyoxobs&

% X`}ocs logb xnb ijeol, bhrcjxo`f,

}`loxocs, tbloao`f, bc`fè, bxc& jtbsxrhobh of xnos jtbj&


8/24

Itbb ]`qbt}òfx Xbe}ljxbs ]jab >


4& S@COJL ]S_CN@L@A_

% hbjls qoxn xnb sxrh ì nrejf fjxrtb js jf`rxcèb ì at`r} loib, s`cojl jxxoxrhbs,c`llbcxoyb dbnjyo`t, jfh }bts`fjlox

i`tejxo`f&

% hbjls qoxn at`r} loib jfh xnb ofhoyohrjlsxtjoxs, jxxoxrhbs, dblobis, bxc& js ofilrbfcbh d

at`r} loib&


9/24

Itbb ]`qbt}òfx Xbe}ljxbs ]jab ?


3& S@COJL CNJFAB JFH S@COJL

HOS@TAJFO[JXO@F

% hbjls qoxn xnb sxrh ì cnjfab of crlxrtb jfhs`cojl tbljxo`fs jfh xnb hostr}xo`f xnjx ej

`ccrt of s`cobx&

% hbjls qoxn xnb sxrh ì srcn crttbfx s`cojl}t`dlbes of s`cobx js krybfolb hblofzrbfc,

ctoeofjlox, htra jhhocxo`f, ijeol c`filocxs,hoy`tcb, }`}rljxo`f }t`dlbes jfh `xnbt soeoljtsrdkbcxs&


10/24

Itbb ]`qbt}òfx Xbe}ljxbs ]jab :=


8& NREJF BC@L@A_

% sxrhobs xnb fjxrtb jfh dbnjyo`t ì j aoybf}`}rljxo`f jfh oxs tbljxo`fsno}s x` xnb at`r}s

}tbsbfx s`cojl ofsxoxrxo`fs&

% i`t ofsxjfcb, sxrhobs ì xnos gofh njyb sn`qfxnb }tbyjlbfcb ì ebfxjl ollfbss, ctoeofjlox,hblofzrbfcobs, }t`sxoxrxo`f, jfh htra jhhocxo`fof rtdjf cbfxbts jfh `xnbt noanl hbybl`}bh

}ljcbs&


11/24

Itbb ]`qbt}òfx Xbe}ljxbs ]jab ::


2& ]@]RLJXO@F @T HBE@ATJ]N_

% c`fcbtfbh qoxn xnb sxrh ì }`}rljxo`ffredbt, cè}`soxo`f, cnjfab, jfh zrjlox jsxnb ofilrbfcb xnb bc`fèoc, }`loxocjl jfhs`cojl ssxbe&


12/24

Itbb ]`qbt}òfx Xbe}ljxbs ]jab :4

9& S@CO@L@AOCJL XNB@T_JFH EBXN@H

% c`fcbtfbh qoxn xnb j}}locjdolox jfh

rsbirlfbss ì xnb }tofco}lbs jfh xnb`tobs ìat`r} loib js djsbs i`t xnb tbarljxo`f ìejfs s`cojl bfyot`febfx& Xnos ofclrhbs

xnb`t drolhofa jfh xbsxofa js djsbs i`t xnb

}tbhocxo`f jfh c`fxt`l ì ejfs s`cojlbfyot`febfx&



13/24


1& J]]LOBH S@CO@L@A_

% rxolo{bs xnb iofhofas ì }rtb s`co`làocjltbsbjtcn of yjto`rs ioblhs srcn js

ctoeof`là, s`cojl q`tg, cèerfoxhbybl`}ebfx, bhrcjxo`f, ofhrsxtojltbljxo`fs, ejttojab, bxnfoc tbljxo`fs, ijeolc`rfsblofa, jfh `xnbt js}bcxs jfh

}t`dlbes ì hjol loib&



14/24


JFXNT@]@L@A_

Xjgbf itè xq` Atbbg q`ths;+ L@A@S L@AOJ

sxrh `t x` sxrh+ JFXNT@]@S

qnocn ebjfs ejf

Jfxnt`}`là hbiofbs oxsbli js j

hosco}lofb ì ofiofoxb crto`sox jd`rxnrejf dbofas&


15/24


Jfxnt`}`l`aosxs sbbg jfsqbts x` jf bf`te`rs

yjtobx `i zrbsxo`fs jd`rx nrejfs&

Xnb jtb ofxbtbsxbh of hosc`ybtofa qnbf, qnbtb,jfh qn nrejfs j}}bjtbh `f bjtxn, n`q jfh

qn xnb njyb cnjfabh sofcb xnbf, jfh n`qjfh qn e`hbtf }`}rljxo`fs yjt of cbtxjof}nsocjl ibjxrtbs&


16/24


EJF, XNB EJOF C@FCBTF

OF JFXNT@]@L@A_

Ejf os xnb ejof i`crs jfh rfox ì ofybsxoajxo`fjfh jfjlsos of xnos ioblh&

Ejf os sxrhobh jfh jfjl{bh tbajthlbss ì xnb

c`l`t ì nos sgof, xnb fjxrtb ì nos cèeoxebfxx` ohb`là, `t xnb lbybl ì nos xbcnf`làocjljhyjfcbebfx&


17/24



OF JFXNT@]@L@A_

Ejfs hoiibtbfx tbloao`rs jiiolojxo`fs; Cntosxojfs,Drhhnosxs, E`njeebhjfs, Nofhr, Xjòsx, bxc&

Ejfs q`tgs `t jcnobybebfxs

Ejfs d`h jfh dbnjyo`t jtb jls`jfxnt`}`làosxs ofxbtbsxofa srdkbcx ì ofzrot&


18/24

Itbb ]`qbt}òfx Xbe}ljxbs ]jab :>

Ejfs do`làocjl i`rfhjxo`fs, }nsocjlsoeoljtoxobs jfh hoiibtbfcbs, by`lrxo`f,hoiibtbfxojxo`f jfh cljssoiocjxo`fs jtb jls`

sctrxofo{bh&

Jf yjto`rs ioblhs xnjx cjf db j srdkbcx ìsxrh ì ejf&


OF JFXNT@]@L@A_


19/24

Itbb ]`qbt}òfx Xbe}ljxbs ]jab :?

TBLJXO@FSNO] DBXQBBF

S@CO@L@A_ JFH JFXNT@]@L@A_

D`xn jtb s`cojl scobfcbs&

D`xn scobfcbs jxxbe}x x` rfhbtsxjfh xnb qjì loib ì yjto`rs crlxrtbs `t s`cobxobs&

Xnb 4 scobfcbs d`tt`q nbjyol itè bjcn`xnbt& B~; xnb c`fcb}x ì crlxrtb ì BhqjthXjl`t os f`q qohbl rsbh of xnb ioblh ì

s`co`là&


20/24

Itbb ]`qbt}òfx Xbe}ljxbs ]jab 4=



S`co`là os e`tb `f s`cobx jfh s`cojl }t`cbssbs qnolbjfxnt`}`là os `f crlxrtb&

Ox os j ijcx xnjx s`cobx jfh crlxrtb jtb ofxbttbljxbh jfhofxbthb}bfhbfx c`fcb}xs&

Of xbtes ì xnbot `toaofs, xnb 4 scobfcbs hoiibt&Jfxnt`}`là sxjtxbh qoxn xnb sxrh ì }toeoxoyb .f`f%loxbtjxb at`r}s/ c`fsohbtbh b~`xoc jfh zrbbt d xnb

Qbsxbtfbts& S`co`là sxjtxbh js xnb sxrh ì Qbsxbtfcoyolo{jxo`f jfh ljxbt ì jhyjfcbh jfh c`fxbe}`tjts`cobxobs&


21/24

Itbb ]`qbt}òfx Xbe}ljxbs ]jab 4:



D`xn scobfcbs jtb ofxbtbsxbh of xnb sxrh ìs`cojl ossrbs&

Of xbtes ì ebxn`hs, xnb hoiibt& S`co`làjll`qs sje}lofa ì xnb srdkbcx ì xnb sxrh qnolbjfxnt`}`là rsbs xnb qn`losxoc j}}t`jcn&]jtxoco}jfx `dsbtyjxo`f os cèe`f&


22/24


TBLBYJFCB @I S@CO@L@A_

JFH JFXNT@]@L@A_

Xnb 4 scobfcbs ofxt`hrcb rs x` yjto`rsc`fcb}xs jfh }tofco}lbs yoxjl of `rtrfhbtsxjfhofa ì crlxrtb jfh s`cobx&

Xnt`ran xnb sxrh ì xnbsb xq` hosco}lofbs, qbjtb jdlb x` sbb `rtsblybs js }jtxs ì j ljtabts`cojl }jxxbtf& Xnos b~}jfhs `rt yobq ì xnb

q`tlh, xnbtbd j}}tbcojxofa s`cobx jfh crlxrtbdbxxbt&


23/24



JFH JFXNT@]@L@A_

Ox qoll ejgb rs rfhbtsxjfh dbxxbt qn }b`}lb`i hoiibtbfx at`r}s jfh crlxrtb dbnjyb xnb qjxnb h`& Xnt`ran xnos rfhbtsxjfhofa, qb ejdb jdlb x` jhkrsx `rtsblybs x` xnbot }bcrlojtqjs jfh }jxxbtfs&


24/24



JFH JFXNT@]@L@A_

Ox qoll aoyb rs xnb ofsoanx xnjx `rt at`r} os hoiibtbfx itè`xnbts& Xnt`ran xnos, qb ej db lbh x` tbs}bcx xnbohbfxox jfh rfozrb fjxrtb ì `xnbt at`r}s jfhebedbts ì srcn at`r}s&

Ox qoll db nbl}irl of }tè`xofa ofxbt%bxnfoc jfh crlxrtjlrfhbtsxjfhofa& Ox cjf }tè`xb fjxo`fjl rfox jfh}tàtbss, jfh ofxbtfjxo`fjl rfhbtsxjfhofa xnt`ran}tè`xo`f jfh ct`ss%crlxrtjl gf`qlbhab&

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Sociology: A Backgrounder