Solar Power Buyer's Guide

Selecting the correct solar panel products for your home can be an extremely daunting task for the average person. If after reading this buying guide you are still not entirely sure which products you require in order to start using solar panels in your home, then please do not hesitate to contact us now so that our experts can assist you.

South Africa has an average of more than 2,500 hours of sunshine a year; with the total radiation reaching the land area amounting to roughly 1 kilowatt per square metre at noon on a sunny day. This is more than double the solar radiation output of Europe, making it one of the highest in the world and perfect for home solar panels in South Africa.

This buyer's guide will cover the following topics:

 

* How do Photovoltaic solar panels (PV) systems work? * Types of home solar panel systems* Types of solar panels* Determining what size solar panel system you require* Solar panel installation* Benefits of a Photovoltaic solar panels (PV) system

 

1.    How do Photovoltaic solar panels (PV) systems Work?

PV Solar panels are made up of a series of cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity (direct current). These cells are made from semiconductor material, usually silicon. Solar panel cells operate according to what is called the photovoltaic effect, ('photon - light, 'Voltaic' - electricity). In the photovoltaic effect, sunlight (or photons) strikes the surface of semi-conductor material, such as silicon, and then the energy penetrates the cell and dislodges electrons from the material's atoms. Certain chemicals added to the material's composition help establish a path for the freed electrons. This creates an electrical current.

A fully functional home solar panel system is made up of the following essential components:

Solar panels: These are often connected together in an array to provide higher power outputs and DC voltages.

Solar storage batteries: The electricity generated through the home solar panels is stored here. Charge controller/ regulator: These prevent excessive discharge or overcharging which could damage the

solar storage battery. DC-AC inverter: Solar panels produce direct current (DC) and most appliances and equipment are designed

to be powered by alternating current (AC). An inverter is used to convert the direct current from the PV solar panels or battery into alternating current which we can use in our homes.

It is important to note that ordinary incandescent bulbs should not be used with a PV solar panel system for the home as they drain power from the batteries much faster than energy efficient LED light bulbs will.

2.    Types of Solar Power System

There are two types of Solar Power Systems that can be used in the home or the office, namely:

2.1 Stand-alone Solar Power Systems

These systems are designed to operate independently from the grid (Eskom). Since there is no electrical energy storage (batteries) in direct-coupled systems, the load only operates during sunlight hours when the PV solar panels are hit by the sun; making these designs suitable for common applications such as ventilation fans, water pumps, and small circulation pumps for solar thermal water heating systems.

For the above reason, it is advisable to have solar batteries installed in the solar panel system so that power can be stored and used when there is no direct sunlight.

2.2    Grid-connected Solar Power Systems

 

Grid-connected PV solar panel power systems are designed to operate in conjunction with the grid (Eskom’s power supply). The main component in grid-connected solar panel systems is the inverter. The inverter converts the DC power produced by the PV solar panels into AC power which is consistent with the voltage and power quality requirements of the grid and automatically stops supplying power to the grid when the utility grid is not energized. A bi-directional solar panel interface is made between the solar power system’s AC output circuits and the electric utility network. This allows the AC power produced by the solar panel system to either supply on-site electrical loads or to feed power back into the grid when the home solar panel system output is greater than the demand of power being used within your house at any time.

At night and during other periods when the electrical requirements in your home are greater than the solar panel system output, the balance of power required in your home is taken in from the electric grid. This safety feature is required in all grid-connected systems and ensures that the solar panel system will not continue to operate and feed back into the utility grid when the grid is down for service or repair.

 

3.    Types of Solar Panels

There are 3 types of Solar Panels available, namely:

3.1 Monocrystalline Solar Panels

These solar panels are made of a large crystal of silicon. Monocrystalline solar panels are the most efficient with regard to absorbing sunlight and converting it into electricity; and thus do better in lower light conditions than other solar panels.

3.2 Polycrystalline Solar Panels

These are the most common solar panels on the market today. They look a lot like shattered glass as consist of multiple amounts of small silicon crystals. Polycrystalline solar panels are slightly less efficient than Monocrystalline solar panels but are less expensive to produce.

3.3. Amorphous Solar Panels

These panels consist of a thin film made from molten silicon that is spread directly across large plates of stainless steel or similar material. Amorphous solar panels are less efficient than the other two types of solar panels but are also the cheapest to produce. One advantage of amorphous solar panels over the other two is that they are shadow protected, meaning that the solar panel continues to charge while part of its cells are in a shadow. These work great on boats and other types of transportation.

 

4.    Determining what size system you require

If you plan on tying your solar panels into the grid, then one way going about it is to just buy as many solar panels as you can afford right now and then simply sequentially adding panels to the system as you are able to afford them over time. Eventually you could end up with a fully operational solar panel system that is completely independent of the grid and providing you with free electricity. 

If you wish to completely disconnect your home from the grid, then there are a few steps that you will need to follow in order to find out about how many solar panels you will require to generate 100% of the energy used in your home:

Make a list of all the electrical appliances that you use in your home, how many watts each uses and estimate how many hours per day you use them.

Multiply the total watts by the hours used for each appliance. So for example if you use a radio for 2 hours a day while working out and it uses 14W, then you would multiply 14 by 2 to get a total of 28watts per day for the radio. Once you have done this for each item, add them all up to get the total sum of watts that you use in your house on a daily basis.

Determine the average amount of sunlight hours your solar panels will receive a day. Now divide the total amount of watts used per day as you figured out in step 2, by the average amount of

sunlight. If you use 1000watts per day in your home and the average sunlight is 4.3 hours, then you would divide 1000 by 4.3.

This means you will need at least 698watts of solar panels to get enough solar energy to power your entire house.

5.    Solar Panel Installation

NB. If you are not technically inclined, then it would not be advisable to attempt installing a solar panel system in your home without any assistance from a professional. Sustainable.co.za has many approved partner installation companies who will be able to economically and safely install a solar panel system in your home for you.

There are three ways in which to install solar panels in your home, namely:

Ground Mounted Solar Panels Roof Mounted Solar Panels Thin Film Solar Panels

5.1 Ground Mounted Solar Panels

Ground mounted solar panels are fixed to poles that are cemented into the ground. There are a couple different options you can choose from if you decide to go with a ground mounted solar panel system, namely:

Static Mounted System

The most cost efficient ground mounted solar panel system is to just use a setup that points the solar panels towards the most effective direction for maximum sunlight exposure.

Active Solar Tracker

Solar Trackers have an optical sensor that follows the sun throughout the day and maximizes the energy absorbed by the solar panels.

Passive Solar Tracker

This is a slightly cheaper option than active solar trackers. A passive solar tracker system uses the sun's heat to move liquid from side to side within the tracker; allowing gravity to turn the solar panels to follow the sun without the use of motors, gears or controls. By using either type of solar tracker you'll help your solar panels get as much sun as possible throughout the day as it automatically points them in a perpendicular direction to the sun.

5.2 Roof Mounted Solar Panels

Solar panels can be mounted on many different types of roofs. Shingle roofs are the easiest to work whilst tiled roofs can be a bit more challenging.

5.3 Thin Film Solar Panels

Although thin film solar panels don't absorb the sunlight with as much efficiency as other solar panels, there are numerous benefits to installing these types of solar panels:

Unlike Monocrystalline solar panels, you don't have to mount the thin film solar panels on your roof. The thin film panels are literally glued onto the roof which means no holes. Putting holes in your roof can void your warranty and even damage it if it’s not done correctly.

Also, thin film solar panels don't weigh as much as other panels that contain large amounts of silicon with structural support.

Thin film solar panels work better than conventional panels in very hot climates. They also do a better job of producing energy at the beginning and end of the day during times of non-direct sunlight.

 

6.    Benefits of a PV System

Solar panel power is a renewable form of energy, i.e. it won't run out like oil, coal and gas. Once the initial cost of purchasing the panels is paid in full, the electricity it produces for the remainder of the

solar panel system's lifespan (25 – 30 years) is absolutely free! Photovoltaic solar panels can provide electricity for lighting and entertainment during blackouts Solar panel systems provide a safer lighting option than candles and paraffin There are no harmful emissions caused either through generating electricity or inside the home The photovoltaic solar panel industry can provide up to 400% more jobs than the conventional energy

industry

 

Conclusion

Yes, it can seem daunting having to select the correct solar panels and accompanying products to purchase for your home, however this guide should point you in the right direction. If you require any further assistance, please DO NOT HESITATE to contact us so that our experts can help you choose the correct solar panel system for your home.

Choosing a UPS System :

Before choosing a UPS for your needs, we recommend you read this page and note the definitions explained. This will help you understand why certain UPS systems cost more and others less. These definitions can apply to all makes of UPS system whether they are supplied by us or not.

1. VA RATING :

The UPS VA Rating you require will depend on the load current of the equipment you intend plugging into the UPS.

To calculate the VA Rating : multiply the Amps of the equipment (normally indicated on a lable on the rear of the equipment or in the technical manual or ask the supplier) you will use with the mains voltage you require and divide by the Power Factor (PF) of the equipment.

2. SIZING A UPS SYSTEM :

For example :

Computer equipment requires : 2 Amps (current) Mains voltage used : 230VAC (AC voltage) Power factor of computer equipment : 0.6 (typical for computer equipment)

2A x 230V = 460W / 0.6 PF = 766 VA

You will require a 800VA but to cater for your future expansions and to not stress the UPS by running on 100% load all the time, you always add 20-25% capacity. Therefore a 1000VA UPS (1KVA) should be used in this case.

When choosing a UPS system it is a good idea to also plan ahead to cater for expansion so that your investment in a UPS does not outgrow your future needs.

If several computers or pieces of equipment are involved, add all the Amps together and do the calculation as shown.

Please contact us if you need any assistance. We will gladly calculate the system for you if you provide all the relevant details.

3. BACKUP TIME :

The backup time is proportional to the load that is connected to the UPS. The more the load, the less the backup time. You can have backup time as little as 5 minutes which will enable you to shutdown the equipment connected to the UPS before the power fails; or many hours of backup time so you can keep your equipment running until mains power returns.

Longer backup time and higher protection levels cost more than short backup times and lower protection levels.

A UPS system is often used to provide uninterrupted power after mains fail until a generator starts up.

4. UPS TOPOLOGIES & PROTECTION OFFERED :

The level of protection you need will determine which of the following topologies is most suited to your needs.The main UPS topologies are :

A. OFFLINE UPS / SQUAREWAVE UPS / MODIFIED SINEWAVE UPS / STANDBY UPS

B. LINE INTERACTIVE STEPPED SQUAREWAVE / MODIFIED SINEWAVE UPS

C. LINE INTERACTIVE PURE SINEWAVE UPS

D. SINGLE CONVERSION TRIPORT CVT BASED SINEWAVE UPS - sometimes misrepresented as a Double Conversion Online system

E. DOUBLE CONVERSION ONLINE SINEWAVE UPS

In our very developed electronic environment where computers and communiction systems are vital for companies to function, it is very important that some form of power / lightning protection device be installed. We recommend you look at purchasing the best power / lightning protection equipment you can afford if your company is dependent on its computer and communication systems.

OFF-LINE SQUAREWAVE and MODIFIED SINEWAVE and STANDBY

Your computer is running at standard mains via a small limited AC Filter under normal circumstances (some systems do not have filters at all). After a power failure this type of UPS system switches, via a small relay, over to a simple inverter to provide power to allow you to save your open files and shutdown your computer.

The backup time is normally short and will depend on the VA rating (see definition above) of the UPS and the amount of power your equipment draws from it. This type of UPS will give you very limited or no protection against power surges, spikes and sags. Typical backup time = 5 - 10 Minutes maximum. The backup time cannot be extended.

This type of UPS System is aimed at the SOHO & small business market and is mainly used when you have repeated, short power failures but a reasonably good mains supply. This type of UPS system is not recommended for critical applications or areas where there is bad or high fluctuating mains supply.

Cost : Very Low

Power Level : from 300VA to 600VA

Protection level : Approximately 0 - 10%

LINE INTERACTIVE STEPPED SQUAREWAVE

Your computer is running at standard mains via a small AC Filter under normal circumstances. After a power failure this type of UPS system switches, via a small relay, over to a simple inverter to provide power to allow you to save your open files and shutdown your computer. The system also normally includes a limited AVR (Automatic voltage regulator) which controls incoming mains fluctuations to a small degree.

The backup time is normally short and will depend on the VA rating (see definition above)

of the UPS and the amount of power your equipment draws from it. This type of UPS will give you very limited protection against power surges, spikes and sags. Typical backup time = 5 - 10 Minutes maximum. The backup time cannot be extended. Our range is intelligent (RS232) but the automatic shutdown software and serial cable are not supplied as this is seldom required.

This type of UPS System is aimed at the SOHO & small business market and is mainly used when you often experience short power failures but a have a reasonably good mains supply. This type of UPS system is not recommended for critical applications.

Cost : Low

Power Level : from 300VA to 1200VA

Protection level : Approximately 0 - 20%

LINE INTERACTIVE PURE SINEWAVE

This type of UPS system will provide backup to enable you to save your work and shutdown your computer after a power failure and is also designed to regulate the output voltage and prevent, to a large degree, any spike, sags and blackouts from reaching your sensitive equipment (ranging from computers and telecommunications systems to computerised instruments).

Once again, the backup time will depend on the VA rating of the UPS (see VA rating definition above) and the amount of power your equipment draws from it. Typical backup time = 5 - 10 Minutes. With the relevant model, the backup time can be extended to several hours. Our range is intelligent (RS232) and comes with automatic shutdown software and serial cable.

Recommended for semi-critical applications and small to medium sized businesses. Only recommended for semi-critical applications if the UPS output is pure sinewave (as line interactive UPS systems are also available in stepped squarewave or modified sinewave).

Cost : Medium

Power Level : from 700VA to 3200VA

Protection level : Approximately 20 - 60%

SINGLE CONVERSION TRIPORT CVT BASED SINEWAVE

This type of UPS system will provide protection and backup on power failure for some applications. Your computer system is always running via a constant voltage transformer which basically regulates the output voltage and also filters, to a large degree, spikes,

sags, etc.

The single conversion and sinewave output provides a reasonable sinewave and in most cases, adequate protection for computers and any some other load. It is sometimes less efficient and older technology.

Typical backup time = 5 - 10 Minutes. This unit can be intelligent (RS232) and sometimes automatic shutdown software is available

This type of UPS System is aimed standard computer equipment where total protection is not necessary.

Cost : Medium high

Power Level : from 1KVA to 10KVA

Protection level : 60-80%

DOUBLE CONVERSION ONLINE SINEWAVE

This type of UPS system will provide total protection and backup on power failure for critical applications. Your computer system is always running on electronically produced power and it is not directly connected to the utility supply. The double conversion, double isolation and the pure sinewave form output ensure the cleanest, most compatible AC output for computers and any other critical load.

Typical backup time = 5 - 10 Minutes. Plug-in external battery packs are available to extend the backup time to several hours. This unit is intelligent (RS232) and comes with automatic shutdown software and serial cable.

This type of UPS System is aimed at the professional, medical/industrial and upper business market and is recommended when you have a very dirty, noisy & unreliable mains supply. It is also recommended for all critical Computer and medical applications. This type of system has the highest protection level available.

Cost : High

Power Level : from 700VA to 100KVA (or several MVA with imported systems which can be paralleled)

Protection level : 100%

5. PARALLEL SYSTEMS :

A parallel system comprises of multiple UPS systems or UPS modules (e.g. 19"rack mount modules). These are installed so that they operate in parallel to support a common critical load. There are two main reasons for selecting this type of system. The first would be to increase the UPS capacity, which enables the system to power a larger load than possible with a single module. The second reason is to increase the system reliability by introducing modular redundancy.

Smaller systems which can be paralleled are normally only available overseas and are very expensive to import. Larger systems, from approximately 10KVA (usually imported) are available locally.

6. UPS MONITORING & SHUTDOWN SOFTWARE :

This software is available for many UPS systems. This will enable you to monitor your UPS remotely and in the event of a power failure the software can shutdown the computers connected to the system so that you don't lose any data.

Our MT, LT, RTC, MHC, LH and RMH series have free shutdown software included. A special SNMP (simple network management protocol) version is also available on request. Will require additional hardware.

7. UPS ENVIRONMENT & BATTERY LIFE SPAN :

To protect your UPS and its batteries, the system should be placed in the correct environment. UPS systems are not designed to be placed outside where they are exposed to the elements. They should preferably be placed in an air conditioned room but this is not necessary if the environment temperature does not exceed 24 - 26 degrees celcius. The hotter the environment, the shorter the life span of the batteries.If possible, humidity should also be kept below 60%.

Remember a UPS is more complex than the computer that it is driving. UPS batteries are normally semi sealed maintenance free and have a life span of 3 - 5 years. At the end of this time, UPS batteries can be replaced.

8. PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS :

UPS systems, especially larger systems, require maintenance. We offer countrywide service agreements, ranging from basic maintenance to full service contracts. Please enquire. These services help to extend the UPS and battery life span.

Sunmodule SW Poly- and Mono-Crystalline Solar Panels

Solar panels / Photovoltaic modules ideally suitable for both off-grid and small on-grid applications. Highest quality standards are applied in the entire manufacturing process. SolarWorld’s in-depth expertise ensures best performance and highest energy yields over the entire lifespan, even under challenging climatic conditions.

The compact dimensions of the Sunmodule® Solar Panels and the solid workmanship of its aluminum frame allow easy and flexible mounting. The design of the water repellent junction box makes wiring easy and secure. The junction box is equipped with two cable glands and two easy to wire spring-type clamps, so no special tools are needed. This simplifies installation and speeds up the installation process.

SW40 Poly-Crystalline Solar Panel : is particularly used in rural applications such as solar home systems or street lighting. It also covers a wide range of industrial electrification applications in remote areas, e.g. powering off-grid telecom or monitoring systems.

SW60 Poly-Crystalline Solar Panel : is particularly used in industrial applications such as powering off-grid telecom or monitoring systems. It also covers a wide range of rural electrification applications in remote areas, e.g. solar home systems, village power supply, street lighting and many more.

SW80 Poly-Crystalline Solar Panel : is particularly used in industrial applications such as powering offgrid telecom or monitoring systems. It also covers a wide range of rural electrification applications in remote areas, e.g. solar home systems, village power supply, street lighting and many more.

SW80 Mono-Crystalline Solar Panel : is particularly used in industrial applications such as powering offgrid telecom or monitoring systems. It also covers a wide range of rural electrification applications in remote areas, e.g. solar home systems, village power supply, street lighting and many more.

SW120 Poly-Crystalline Solar Panel : is particularly used in industrial applications such as powering offgrid telecom or monitoring systems. It also covers a wide range of rural electrification applications in remote areas, e.g. solar home systems, village power supply, street lighting and many more.

 

Sunmodule Plus SW Mono-Crystalline Solar Panels

W175 Poly-Crystalline Solar Panel

SW220 Poly-Crystalline Solar Panel

The Sunmodule Plus Solar Panel heralds an innovative new module concept from SolarWorld. The Plus-sort (based on a SolarWorld flash report) and five watt model stepping ensures true, highest system efficiency and dispenses with the time-consuming task of sorting the modules on site. The fully automated production process at the SolarWorld factories creates a module quality that is consistently high, which in turn will ensure high yields for the long term.

The glass is set deep into the module frame and they are firmly attached to each other by silicone that is applied with continuous precision. This guarantees exceptional rigidity for the entire module and stops any possible loosening of the frame as a result of strong outward forces in cases such as sliding of heavy snow. Tests carried out in accordance with IEC 61215, applying loads up to 5.4 kN/m2, confirm that the module can withstand high loads such as heavy accumulations of snow and ice.

The patented, flat and compact junction box provides perfect protection against corrosion, as well as a capacity to rapidly dissipate any excess heat providing lower operating temperature. The junction box is reliably connected by a solid, welded bond to guarantee lasting functionality. In addition, high-quality, robust cables with factory-equipped connectors are used. The ability to recycle the modules and a 25-year performance warranty are the finishing touches to this top-quality product.

COMBINER BOX MAXI/MINIFOR GENERAL USE IN SOLAR INSTALLATIONSFOR UP TO 24 SOLAR PANELS WITH A SINGLE OUTPUT

Click here for full

specifications   

Manufactured in South AfricaQuick and Easy InstallationSimple ConnectionsOptional Lightning ProtectionIP65 Protection

MINI 04Model : Sine 048/04/LP00/CB 12/24/48 Volt / 4 Way / No Lightning Protection 10A Circuit Breakers of Fuse For use with up to 12 panels Use with external FM60 MPPT Controller

Model : Sine 048/04/LP48/CB 12/24/48 Volt / 4 Way / With Lightning Protection

10A Circuit Breakers of Fuse For use with up to 12 panels Use with external FM60 MPPT Controller

 

MAXI 08Model : Sine 048/08/LP00/CB 12/24/48 Volt / 8 Way / No Lightning Protection 10A Circuit Breakers

MAXI 08

of Fuse For use with up to 24 panels Use with external FM80 MPPT Controller

Model : Sine 048/08/LP48/CB 12/24/48 Volt / 8 Way / With Lightning Protection

10A Circuit Breakers of Fuse For use with up to 24 panels Use with external FM80 MPPT Controller

 

Special units with non standard specifications can be manufactured in quanities, please enquire.

MINI 04

choosing an Inverter

Before choosing an Inverter for your needs, we recommend you read this page and note the definitions explained. This will help you understand why certain Inverters cost more and others less. These definitions can apply to all makes of Inverters whether they are supplied by us or not.

1. WHAT SIZE INVERTER MUST I USE :

Sinetech stocks many different sizes, and several brands of power inverters for solar and commercial use. We also carry a range of professional telecom inverters.

Click here to go to our Inverters Page for more details on the range we stock.

Examples of inverter systems (with system drawings)

The inverter size you choose depends on the power in watts (or current in amps) of the appliance/equipment you want to run (find the power consumption by referring to the specification plate on the appliance or tool or you will find the information in the appliance manual. If this information is not available, check with the appliance supplier). You need to know both the continuous rating in watts or amps; and the peak/surge rating in watts or amps. Without this information any further calculation is not possible.

CONTINUOUS vs PEAK/SURGE WATTS

Inverters are rated in continuous power and peak/surge power. Continuous power is the total WATTS the inverter can support indefinitely while peak/surge power is the amount of power that the inverter can provide for a brief period, usually when the equipment/appliance starts up. Induction motors driving such devices as air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, pumps, etc. may well have a start up peak/surge of 3 - 7 times the continuous rating.

CONVERTING AMPS TO WATTS

Multiply the equipment/appliance AMPS x 230 (AC voltage) = WATTS (approximate)

WORKING OUT THE POWER

Multiply the equipment/appliance AMPS x 230 V (AC voltage) to give the approximate WATTS or AC power.

CALCULATE APPROXIMATE STARTUP LOAD (PEAK/SURGE WATTS)

Multiply the equipment/applicance WATTS x 3 = PEAK/SURGE WATTS (approximate)

So if you want to run an appliance with a continuous load of 5 Amps and a peak load of 15 Amps : Power : V x I = VA i.e. 230VAC x 5A = 1150 Watts continuous power Power : V x I = VA i.e. 230VAC x 15A = 3450 Watts peak/surge (also known as start or inrush current)

You would need an inverter with a continuous rating of approximately 1500 watts and with a peak/surge rating of approximately 3500 watts. It is always advisable to build in a safety factor by overrating the continuous rating by 20 - 25% .

2. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A MODIFIED SINEWAVE (also known as Squarewave) INVERTER AND A PURE SINEWAVE INVERTER :

Inverters have either modified sinewave (squarewave) or pure sinewave output.

PURE SINEWAVE INVERTER :

This is the best output waveform you can get out of an inverter and all appliances are able to run off it without interference or overheating. Some of its advantages are as follows:

Output voltage waveform is pure sine wave with very low harmonic distortion and the same as the ESKOM supply

Inductive loads like microwave ovens and motors run correctly, quieter and cooler Reduces audible and electrical noise in fans, fluorescent lights, audio amplifiers, TV,

Game consoles, Fax, and answering machines Prevents crashes in computers, unreadable print outs, and glitches and noise in

monitors It can be efficiently electronically protected in overload, overvoltage, undervoltage

and over temperature conditions

MODIFIED SINEWAVE INVERTER :

The Modified sinewave inverter has limitations. These are some of the appliances that may experience problems when running off Modified Sinewave inverters:

Laser printers, photocopiers, magneto-optical hard drives Some fluorescent lights with standard ballasts Power tools employing "solid state" power or variable speed control Some battery chargers for cordless tools Produces sometimes interference in some television sets Digital clocks with radios Sewing machines with speed/microprocessor control Medical equipment such as oxygen concentrators Modified sinewave inverters are usually only protected by standard fuses which,

under normal circumstances, are not always fast enough, therefore they are by far more vulnerable to failure.

It is definitely advantageous to use a pure sinewave inverter as a pure sinewave inverter can basically run any type of equipment in contrast to a modified sinewave / step square wave inverter.

3. HOW TO CONNECT AN INVERTER :

The small inverters (150 watts) come with a cigarette lighter adapter, and may be plugged into your car's lighter socket. Units from 300W and above, are supplied with DC connection cables that must be firmly connected directly to a battery.

Larger inverters (300 watts and over) must be hard-wired directly to a battery. The cable size depends on the distance between battery and inverter, and will be specified in the Owner's Manual.

When connecting the inverter to the battery use the thickest wire available, in the shortest length practical.

NOTE: Cable size recommendations may vary among inverter brands and models; check the Owner's Manual for the model you purchased before you buy the wire for it.

4. WHAT TYPE OF BATTERY SHOULD I USE :

Small Inverters : Most vehicle and marine batteries will provide an ample power supply for 30 to 60 minutes even when the engine is off. Actual time may vary depending on the age and condition of the battery, and the power demand being placed on it by the equipment being operated by the inverter. If you use the inverter while the engine is off, you should start the engine every hour and let it run for 15 minutes to recharge the battery.

300 Watt and larger Inverters: We recommend you use deep cycle (marine or solar) batteries which will give you several hundred complete charge/discharge cycles. If you use the normal vehicle starting batteries, they will wear out after about a dozen charge/discharge cycles (vehicle batteries are not designed to do this type of work!).

When operating the inverter with a deep cycle battery, start the engine every 30 to 60 minutes and let it run for 15 minutes to recharge the battery.

When the inverter operates appliances with high continuous load ratings for extended periods, it is not advisable to power the inverter with the same battery used to power your car or truck. If the car or truck battery is utilized for an extended period, it is possible that the battery voltage may be drained to the point where the battery has insufficient reserve power to start the vehicle. In these cases, it's a good idea to have an extra deep cycle battery for the inverter (installed close to the inverter), cabled to the starting battery. It is recommended to install a battery isolator between the batteries with a separate regulator.

5. HOW LONG CAN I RUN THE APPLICANCES FROM THE INVERTER :

This depends on the battery size selected and the type of batteries used.

Deep cycle (marine/solar) batteries generally have the highest reserve ratings. They are specifically designed to withstand repeated drains of power and recharging.

Vehicle start batteries should not be discharged below 90% charged state, and marine/solar deep cycle batteries should not be discharged below 50% charged state. Doing so will shorten the life of the battery based on most battery manufacturers’ recommendations.

Note: If you intend to use power tools for commercial use, or any load of 200W for more than 1 hour regularly (between battery recharging) we recommend installing an auxiliary battery to provide power to the inverter. This battery should be a deep cycle type and sized to meet your run time expectations with the vehicle engine off. The auxiliary battery should be connected to the alternator through an isolator/regulator module to prevent the inverter from discharging the vehicle start battery when the engine is off. br>

CAN I CONNECT TWO OR MORE BATTERIES :

It may be advisable to operate the inverter from a bank of 12, 24 or 48 Volt batteries of the same type in a "series" and/or "parallel" configuration.

If you parallel two such batteries this will generate twice the amp/hours of a single battery; three batteries will generate three times the amp/hours, and so on. This will lengthen the

time before your batteries will need to be recharged, giving you a longer time that you can run your appliances.

You can also connect 12 Volt batteries together in "series" configuration to double the voltage to 24 or 48 volts. Connecting batteries in “series” or “parallel doesn’t damage the batteries.

CHARGE CONTROLLERS WITHOUT LCD

STECA SOLSUM Charge Controllers without LCDSTECA

SOLSUM Charge Controllers with Night Light Function, without LCD STECA

SOLARIX PRS Charge Controllers without LCD

CHARGE CONTROLLERS WITH LCD

STECA PR Series Charge Controllers with LCD

MORNINGSTAR TRISTAR Series Charge Controllers with LCD

MORNINGSTAR SHS 6 Series Charge Controllers with LCD

MPPT CHARGE CONTROLLERS

OUTBACK MPPT Charge ControllersSteca Solarix MPPT Charge Controllers

RELAY DRIVERS

MORNINGSTAR RELAY DRIVER

STECA SOLSUM SERIES

Temperature Compensated Overcharge Protection

Temperature Compensated Cycle Charging

Overdischarge Protection Overcharge protection is

provided by a pulse-with-modulated shunt controller which guarantees quick and gentle charging of the battery (characteristic IV curve)

Equipped with an integrated circuit (ASIC)

Print Version (112kb)Solsum 5.0 : 5A 12VSolsum 6.6 : 6A 12VSolsum 8.0 : 8A 12VSolsum 8.8 : 8A 12V

With nightlight function :

Print Version (230kb)Solsum 6.6F : 6A 12VSolsum 10.10F : 10A 12V

specially designed for solar charging

An LED colour display gives information about voltage of the accumulator

New in this price class is a cycle charging, boost charging and a temperature compensation which are regularly integrated in these charge controllers

STECA SOLARIX PRS SERIES

Functions

Low-loss serial controller PWM-controlled constant-

voltage charging Battery charging with

automatic charging mode selection (float,

boost, equal) Recognises and carries out

a maintenance charge (boost charge every 30

days if idle) Automatically adjusts to

the voltage level 12 V/24 V Current-dependent load

deactivation Automatic load

reactivation Temperature

compensation Grounding on the plus side

Display 4 separate LEDs to display the battery charge status

LEDs (red/green) to display the function status

Print Version (239kb)PRS1010 :10A 12/24VPRS1510 :15A 12/24V (not standard stock item)PRS2020 :20A 12/24VPRS3030 :30A 12/24V

STECA PR SERIES

12V and 24V automatic switch

10A / 20A / 30A current input and output

Upgraded Steca Atonic microprocessor

PWM battery charge regulation

Electronic protection Automatic self-test User-friendly display Interface to card reader Big graphical display

shows all system information in a self explanatory way

Self-learning algorithm which gives detailed information on the battery’s state of charge (SOC) which adjusts itself to the battery’s age and capacity

Electronic fuse which affords better protection and which reconnects automatically

Manual load switch is available on the regulator

Print Version (615kb)PR1010 : 10A 12/24VPR1515 : 15A 12/24VPR2020 : 20A 12/24VPR3030 : 30A 12/24V

OUTBACK MPPT CHARGE CONTROLLERS

The FLEXmax family of charge controllers is the latest innovation in Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charge controllers from OutBack Power Systems. The innovative FLEXmax MPPT software algorithm is both continuous and active, increasing

Print Version (194kb)FM60 / FM80 brochure

Print Version (966kb)FM60 / FM80 User Manual

your photovoltaic array power yield up to 30% compared to non-MPPT controllers. Thanks to active cooling and intelligent thermal management cooling, both FLEXmax charge controllers can operate at their full maximum current rating, 60 Amps or 80 Amps respectively, in ambient temperatures as high as 104°F (40°C).

Included in all of the FLEXmax Charge Controllers are the revolutionary features first developed by OutBack Power, including support for a wide range of nominal battery voltages and the ability to step-down a higher voltage solar array to recharge a lower voltage battery bank. A built-in, backlit 80 character display shows the current status and logged system performance data for the last 128 days at the touch of a button. The integrated OutBack network communications allows FLEXmax series Charge Controllers to be remotely programmed and monitored via a MATE system display and provides unrivaled complete system integration.

FLEXmax MPPT Charge Controllers are the only choice when you demand a high performance, efficient and versatile charge controller for your advanced power system.

Click here TO VIEW LARGER PICTURE

STECA SOLARIX MPPT SERIES

Functions

Maximum Power Point

Print Version (239kb)MPPT2010

Tracker (MPP tracker) Voltage and current

regulation PWM control Current compensated load

disconnection Automatic load

reconnection Temperature

compensation Monthly maintenance

charge

MORNINGSTAR TRISTAR CHARGE CONTROLLERS

Large heat sink and conservative design enables operating at full ratings to 45°C. No need to de-rate

Ratings to 60A at 48VDC will handle solar arrays up to 4kW

RS-232 connects to a personal computer for custom settings, data logging and remote monitoring and control

DIP switch provides user with a choice of 7 different digital presets and custom settings via RS-232

Fully protected against reverse polarity, short circuit, overcurrent, high temperature and overvoltage

Larger power terminals and conduit knockouts . Extra space for wire turns. Fits on power panels

Connecting battery sense wires and optional remote temperature sensor will

Print Version (407kb)TS45 : 45A 12/24/48V Autosensing and 36V programmableTS60 : 60A 12/24/48V Autosensing and 36V programmable

Print Version (434kb)TSM : Meter for TS-45 or TS-60TSRM : Remote meter for TS-45 or TS-60

Print Version (597kb)RTS : Remote battery temperature sensor

improve control accuracy. Constant voltage series PWM algorithm increases battery capacity and life

3 LED’s to indicate status, faults and alarms. Optional meter displays extensive system and controller information, automatic self-test and reset capabilities. Meter connection via RJ-11 phone jack

Pushbutton provides manual reset and stop/start battery equalization or load disconnect

Low Telecom Noise. DIP switch setting will change PWM to “On-Off” battery charging.

MORNINGSTAR SHS 6 CHARGE CONTROLLERS

The low voltage disconnect will increase battery life. The loads areautomatically disconnected when the battery is low and automatically reconnected after the battery is recharged

Complete charging will increase battery life and storage capacity The controller will maximize the amount of solar energy into the batteryand avoid drying out the battery.

LEDs display status information and battery level which helps the user to better operate the solar

Print Version (328kb)SHS6 : 12V / 6A PWM Charge Controller

power system The SHS was specifically

designed to meet the needs of the rural electrification market. The low cost resulted from using the latest electronic technology and high volume manufacturing

Designed for high quality and high reliability. The SHS controller has a low failure rate and will last a long time

The SHS has built-in electronic fuses that do not require replacement. Any wiring mistakes during installation will not damage the controller

The SHS electronics are protected with a moisture-tight coating, minimizing damage from humidity and from nesting insects

The SHS controller is fully automatic and requires no adjustments or user selections

MORNINGSTAR RELAY DRIVER

fully programmable 4-channel logic controller that can be used to control mechanical or solid-state relays in an AC or DC power system. A limitless number of combinations can be configured for each channel on the RD to control the switching of circuits on and off based on several variables present in the system. The purpose of this document is to explore three of the many applications and uses of this product:

Relay Driver (283 kb)

Hybrid System Control Lighting Control Multi-Wire Generator Start

Sinetech reserves the right to change specifications without prior notice

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All Products

UPS Systems

Batteries

Battery Chargers

Diesel Generators

Power Trolley 8

Inverters

Solar Equipment

Lightning Protection

Home/Small Business

UPS Selection Guide

Modified Sinewave Line Interactive

Line Interactive Standard & Long Backup Sinewave

Double Conversion Online Sinewave Standard Backup

Double Conversion Online Sinewave Long Backup

19 Inch Rack Double Conversion Online Sinewave

Eaton Double Conversion Online Sinewave

Double Conversion Online Sinewave 4KVA up

Powerstar Series Modified Sinewave Line Interactive - 600/1000VA

Eaton Nova Series Modified Sinewave Line Interactive - 600/1100VA

Eaton Ellipse ASR Series Modified Sinewave Line Interactive - 450/600/750/1000/1500VA

Eaton Ellipse Max Series Modified Sinewave Line Interactive - 600/850/1100/1500VA

MT Series Line Interactive Standard Backup Sinewave - 700/1000/1500/2000/2500/3200 VA

LT Series Line Interactive Long Backup Sinewave - 700/1000/1500/2000 VA

RTC Series 19 Inch Rack Line Interactive Sinewave - 700/1000/1500/2000 VA

Eaton Evolution Series Sinewave Line Interactive - 650/850/1150/1550/2000VA

Eaton Evolution S Series Sinewave Line Interactive Extended backup - 1250/1750/2500/3000VA

MHC Series HF Double Conversion Sinewave Online - 700/1000/2000/3000 VA

LH Series HF Double Conversion Sinewave Online - 700/1000/2000/3000 VA

RHC / RHD Series 19 inch Rack Mount True Online Double Conversion Sinewave - 1000/2000/3000 VA

Eaton EX Series HF Double Conversion Sinewave Online - 700/1000/1500/2200/3000 VA

Eaton EX RT Series HF Double Conversion Sinewave Online - 7/11 KVA

Eaton MX Series HF Double Conversion Sinewave Online - 4/5/8/10/15/20 KVA

DP1000 Series HF Double Conversion Sinewave Online - 1/1 Phase 4KVA to 10KVA

DP2000 Series HF Double Conversion Sinewave Online - 3/1 Phase 10KVA to 30KVA

DP3000 Series HF Double Conversion Sinewave Online - 3/3 Phase 10KVA to 60KVA

CSB Maintenance Free - 12V / 7Ah to 12V / 40Ah

Royal Maintenance Free - 12V / 35Ah to 12V / 102Ah

Royal Deep Cycle Maintenance Free - 12V / 35Ah to 12V / 102Ah

Deltec/Delkor/Delphi Maintenance Free - 12V / 35Ah to 12V / 102Ah

Deltec Deep Cycle Batteries for solar applications

National Panasonic Maintenance Free - 6V / 7Ah to 12V / 65Ah

Battery Charger Selection Guide

Omnipower HT-C Series AC / DC Smart PWM Charger - 12V / 24V available in 102A, 20A & 40A

Cotek HF PWM Microprocessor Controlled Switchmode - with PFC

ABC Series AC / DC Smart PWM Charger - 12V / 24V available in 2A to 100A

Solargorilla & Powergorilla

Three Phase Diesel Generators from 20KVA to 1MVA

Portable Sinewave Back-up System

Inverter Selection Guide

Cotek Pure Sinewave

Omnipower HT-S HF PWM Sinewave - 150,300,600,1200W

Studer Pure Sinewave Inverters

Outback Pure Sinewave Inverters

SMA Inverters

Modified Sinewave

Kaco Grid Tie Inverters

Telecom PWM 19 Inch Rack Modular from 600VA to 72KW

Cotek HF PWM Sinewave - 150W & 300W

Cotek HF PWM Sinewave - 200W & 350W

Cotek HF PWM Sinewave - 600W

Cotek HF PWM Sinewave - 1500W

Cotek HF PWM Sinewave - 700W & 1000W

Cotek HF PWM Sinewave - 1500W & 2000W

Cotek HF PWM Sinewave - 3000W

Studer AJ Sinewave - 200VA - 2000VA

Studer XPC Sinewave - 1400VA - 2200VA

Studer HP Sinewave - 1600VA - 4000VA

Studer HPC Sinewave - 2800VA - 8000VA

Studer XTH Sinewave - 3000VA - 6000VA

Studer SI and HPSI Sinewave - 600VA - 5000VA

Outback FX Series - 2000VA - 2300VA

Outback VFX Series - 2600VA - 3000VA

Outback GTFX Series - 2000VA

Outback GVFX Series - 3000VA

SMA Windy Boy

SMA Sunny Island

SMA Sunny Boy

Omnipower HT-E Series Modified Sinewave - 150 to 1500W

Omnipower HT-P Series Modified Sinewave with LED indicator - 1200 to 3000W

Omnipower BIBC Series Modified Sinewave - 1000 to 5000W

Omnipower HT-B Series Modified Sinewave 1000W 10A charger

A Series Powermaster Modified Sinewave - 150 to 2500W

CA Series Powermaster Modified Sinewave with 3-way charger

Solar Panels

Solar Inverters

Solar Regulators, MPPT Charge Controllers & Relay Drivers

Combiner Boxes

Deltec Deep Cycle Batteries for solar applications

Solargorilla & Powergorilla

Facts about lightning in South Africa

FAQs

Surge and Lightning Arrestors

Deep Cycle Maintenance Free Deltec Voyage S2000

Batteries forSolar, Marine & Leisure Applications

Click here to return to Battery Page

The Deltec Voyage Series batteries allow both engine cranking and deep cycling (approx. 50%) capability in one power source. They are of flooded cell construction with a sealed cover which cannot be removed and which prevent contamination. The batteries are equipped with a safety vent which includes a flame arrester. They require no periodic topping-up and are certified maintenance free. The batteries use “wrought lead-calcium” technology which improves the self discharge characteristics.

No topping up Built-in hydormeter for immediate

and easy charge status check No maintenance Long storage life Resistant to overcharge, heat and

vibration

Deltec Batteries may be stored during the winter without the need for periodic charging provided that they start fully charged and are disconnected from all loads however small

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

MODEL : 20-60V

VOLT : 12AH : 60RC MINS : 100CCA DIN : 250CCA IEC : 275CCA BCI : 400

 

LENGTH mm : 242WIDTH mm : 175HEIGHT mm : 190WEIGHT kg : 14.40TERMINALS : Post

MODEL : 30-70V

VOLT : 12AH : 70RC MINS : 120CCA DIN : 300CCA IEC : 325CCA BCI : 500

 

LENGTH mm : 277WIDTH mm : 175HEIGHT mm : 190WEIGHT kg : 16.99TERMINALS : Post

MODEL : 20-90V

VOLT : 12AH : 90RC MINS : 150CCA DIN : 360CCA IEC : 390CCA BCI : 600

 

LENGTH mm : 381WIDTH mm : 175HEIGHT mm : 190WEIGHT kg : 23.30TERMINALS : Post

MODEL : 54-105V

VOLT : 12AH : 105RC MINS : 165CCA DIN : 300CCA IEC : 350CCA BCI : 625

 

LENGTH mm : 330WIDTH mm : 175HEIGHT mm : 240WEIGHT kg : 26.90TERMINALS : Post

MODEL : 64-105V

VOLT : 12AH : 105RC MINS : 165CCA DIN : 300CCA IEC : 350CCA BCI : 625

 

LENGTH mm : 330WIDTH mm : 175HEIGHT mm : 240WEIGHT kg : 26.9TERMINALS : Stud

 

MODEL : M24MF

VOLT : 12AH : 75RC MINS : 125CCA DIN : 210CCA IEC : 250CCA BCI : 400

 

LENGTH mm : 275WIDTH mm : 175HEIGHT mm : 227WEIGHT kg : 20.25TERMINALS : Post/Stud

MODEL : M27MF

VOLT : 12AH : 105RC MINS : 160CCA DIN : 300CCA IEC : 350CCA BCI : 550

 

LENGTH mm : 320WIDTH mm : 172HEIGHT mm : 227WEIGHT kg : 23.2TERMINALS : Post/Stud

Ah = ampere hours delivered by a fully charged battery at a constant load of Rate / 20 for 20 hours & maintain 10. 5 volts minimum.RC = Number of minutes a fully charged battery can carry a load of 25 amps and maintain 10.5 volts minimum.CCA DIN = amps at - 18ºC a fully charged battery can carry and maintain 9.0V minimum for 30 secs & 6.0V minimum for 150 secs.CCA IEC amps at - 18ºC a fully charged battery can carry and maintain 8.4V minimum for 60secs.CCA BCI = amps at - 18ºC a fully charged battery can carry and maintain 7.2V minimum for 30 secs.

The energy that can be derived from the sun is our future. Whilst the age of mineral oil may be extended

a little longer, even oil industry lobbyists admit that the more economically produced mineral oil will be

used up in just a few decades. By contrast, the sun represents an inexhaustible energy source.

Therefore, our future greatly depends on our being able to successfully tap into it and by doing so we will

be able to survive without fossil fuels. There is no question that solar energy is already making a very

significant contribution to the long overdue turning point in our energy economy. At DAKO POWER, we are

ready to take it to another level.

Contemporary energy is regenerative energy and regenerative energy is reliable energy.

Energy for all - worldwide.

Solar power - comparisons show it to be

unbeatable

The conventional generation of electricity places a huge strain on the environment. Even the building of a

power station will consume vast amounts of energy. On top of this, there are the permanent emissions

and other harmful substances, not to mention the unsolved problems of waste disposal from nuclear

power plants.

Solar electric technology has a crucial advantage here because every minute on the power grid improves

the overall ecological balance. After all, solar energy significantly reduces the amount of carbon dioxide

and other pollutants in the atmosphere. Even the installation of solar power facilities uses limited

resources. Within three years, a solar plant will recover all of the energy used in its construction.

The overall positive energy balance will be determined by the efficiency of the module, the orientation of

the system and the quality of the system.

For Universal well-being

It is silent, environmentally friendly and produces no waste. Consequently, solar energy is becoming

increasingly appealing. Whether it is to be derived from the roof of a school or as a so called stand alone

system, far removed from a national power grid.

Human beings nor animals will not be harmed by solar power systems. In any way whatsoever.

Furthermore, the technology is perfectly integrated into the architectural environment. Undoubtedly,

renewable energies promise great potential for our future and will surely replace conventional energy

sources in the foreseeable future.

Solar power systems separate from the power

grid

In the case of so-called island systems without grid connection, the direct current generated by solar

panels is either used immediately or stored in a battery, to supply electrical appliances with power.

The essential difference between DC and AC systems is that DC systems do not convert the direct

current. This means that they are lower in cost but require special direct current consumer appliances.

Therefore, they are suitable for camping vans, garden huts, boats etc.

AC systems include an inverter, which converts the battery current into the regular alternating current

used in the power grid. Consequently, AC systems are suitable for normal AC appliances in, for example,

hospital wards, schools or houses, which are not connected to the power grid.

1. Solar panels JUTA Solar panels guarantee especially high energy yield and reliability.

2. Solar charge controller or Charge regulator Protects the battery from over-charging and deep

discharging. May also comprise many additional functions such as timer switch.

3. Battery Stores the generated solar power which is fed in.

4. Inverter Converts direct current from the battery into alternating current as used in the power grid.

Solar power systems feeding into the power grid

In the foreseeable future Eskom will be forced to follow suit and implement power input remuneration like

the rest of the developed world.

All electrical current produced from sunlight is fed into the public power network. This simple process

involves the solar modules producing Direct Voltage which is converted directly into 220V Alternating

Voltage or 400V three-phase voltage. This then flows into the mains supply.

As a capital investor, you will be able to profit from this thanks to the principle of power input

remuneration.

1. Solar panels JUTA Solar panels guarantee especially high energy yield and reliability.

2. Inverter Converts direct current from the battery into 220V alternating current.

3. Input meter Accurately counts the kilowatt-hours generated and fed into the power grid.

4. Meter measuring own use Documents your household power consumption.