Solar SystemSolar System

Inner PlanetsInner Planets

Terrestrial planetsTerrestrial planets – The four closest planets to – The four closest planets to the sun. (The rock planets) the sun. (The rock planets)

- Mercury- Mercury

- Venus- Venus

- Earth - Earth

- Mars- Mars

MercuryMercury

- Closest to the sunClosest to the sun- Thin atmosphere (craters)Thin atmosphere (craters)- Temperature range Temperature range

(427(427°C to -173°C)°C to -173°C)

MERCURY

VenusVenus

- Second closest planet to Second closest planet to the sunthe sun

- Earth’s twinEarth’s twin- Day (243) is longer than Day (243) is longer than

its year (225)its year (225)- Very dense atmosphere Very dense atmosphere

of Carbon Dioxideof Carbon Dioxide- 90 times the atmospheric 90 times the atmospheric

pressure of Earthpressure of Earth- Hot surface (464Hot surface (464°C)°C)- Tilt 177° Retrograde Tilt 177° Retrograde

motionmotion

EarthEarth

MarsMars

- Fourth planet from the Fourth planet from the sunsun

- Atmospheric pressure to Atmospheric pressure to low for water to exist, low for water to exist, however frozen at poleshowever frozen at poles

- Temperatures 20Temperatures 20°C at °C at poles, -130°C at polespoles, -130°C at poles

- Olympus Mons (600/24)Olympus Mons (600/24)- Valles Marineris (u.s.)Valles Marineris (u.s.)

MARSMARS

Outer PlanetsOuter Planets

Jovian planets (The Gaseous planets) – Jovian planets (The Gaseous planets) – The The four farthest planets from the sun.four farthest planets from the sun.

- JupiterJupiter- SaturnSaturn- UranusUranus- NeptuneNeptune

JupiterJupiter

- The largest of the The largest of the planetsplanets

- Orbits every 12 yearsOrbits every 12 years- Rotates faster than Rotates faster than

any planet – 9 hours any planet – 9 hours 50 minutes50 minutes

- 92 % of planet is 92 % of planet is Hydrogen & HeliumHydrogen & Helium

THE GREAT RED SPOT

(2 times the size of earth)

540km/hr

SaturnSaturn

- Second largest planet in Second largest planet in our solar systemour solar system

- Rings of ice and rock Rings of ice and rock Orbital period 29.5 yearsOrbital period 29.5 years

- Rotates every 10 hours Rotates every 10 hours and 30 minutesand 30 minutes

- 30+ moons 30+ moons - (Titan – largest, half size - (Titan – largest, half size of Earth) of Earth) - (Europa – possible life)- (Europa – possible life)

- Least dense planet Least dense planet (would float in your bath (would float in your bath tub.) tub.)

UranusUranus

- Rotates with axis pointed Rotates with axis pointed towards suntowards sun

- Discovered in 1781, first Discovered in 1781, first since ancient timessince ancient times

- 24+ moons, 11 thin rings24+ moons, 11 thin rings- Atmosphere contain Atmosphere contain

mainly hydrogen and mainly hydrogen and helium and some helium and some methanemethane

- Difficult to study because Difficult to study because of distanceof distance

URANUS AND RINGSURANUS AND RINGS

NeptuneNeptune

- Was predicted before it Was predicted before it was even found due to was even found due to variations in Uranus orbitvariations in Uranus orbit

- Thought to be made up of Thought to be made up of hydrogen, helium and hydrogen, helium and methanemethane

- Has white clouds of Has white clouds of frozen methanefrozen methane

- Has strongest winds Has strongest winds 1000km/hr (great dark 1000km/hr (great dark spot)spot)

Neptune gets its blue color from methane gas

Pluto (Not a Planet?)Pluto (Not a Planet?)

- Orbits every 250 yearsOrbits every 250 years- Made of frozen methane, Made of frozen methane,

rock and icerock and ice- Possibly a moon of Possibly a moon of

Neptune that was pulled Neptune that was pulled away into its own orbitaway into its own orbit

Other ObjectsOther Objects

Kuiper Belt – Kuiper Belt – A group of icy bodies that orbit the A group of icy bodies that orbit the sun beyond Neptunesun beyond Neptune

Dwarf PlanetsDwarf Planets- Pluto- Pluto- Quaoar- Quaoar- Sedna- Sedna- Zena- Zena

MoonMoon

Natural Satellite = MoonsNatural Satellite = Moons

Artificial Satellite = Sputnik (1958)Artificial Satellite = Sputnik (1958)

Apollo program sent 6 spacecraft to the Apollo program sent 6 spacecraft to the moon between 1969 and 1972moon between 1969 and 1972

Formation 4 billion years ago Formation 4 billion years ago

A Mars sized object collided with Earth A Mars sized object collided with Earth sending debris in orbit around the Earthsending debris in orbit around the Earth

MoonMoon

Rotation 27.3 daysRotation 27.3 days

Revolution (around Earth) 27.3 daysRevolution (around Earth) 27.3 days

Lunar EclipseLunar Eclipse

When the Moon is eclipsed by the EarthWhen the Moon is eclipsed by the Earth

The sun is 400 times farther away from the The sun is 400 times farther away from the Earth than the moon isEarth than the moon is

The sun is 400 times larger than the moonThe sun is 400 times larger than the moon

Therefore, they appear as the same size Therefore, they appear as the same size in the sky!in the sky!

Solar Eclipse Solar Eclipse

When the Sun is eclipsed by the moonWhen the Sun is eclipsed by the moon

Next total eclipse in the U.S.A. 2017Next total eclipse in the U.S.A. 2017

AsteroidsAsteroids

Small “rocky” objects that revolve around Small “rocky” objects that revolve around the sun (name means “starlike bodies”) the sun (name means “starlike bodies”) also minor planets or planetoidsalso minor planets or planetoids

Move in highly elliptic orbits between the Move in highly elliptic orbits between the inner and outer planetsinner and outer planets

Asteroid BeltAsteroid Belt

MeteorsMeteors

Meteoroids-small rocky bodies moving Meteoroids-small rocky bodies moving throughout the solar systemthroughout the solar system

Meteors-when a meteoroid enters the Meteors-when a meteoroid enters the Earths atmosphereEarths atmosphere

Meteorites-when a meteoroid falls to the Meteorites-when a meteoroid falls to the Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface

Meteor ShowersMeteor Showers

Leonids (November)Leonids (November)

Perseids (August)Perseids (August)

CometsComets

Small bodies of Ice, rock, and dust that Small bodies of Ice, rock, and dust that orbit the sun and gives off gas and dust in orbit the sun and gives off gas and dust in the form of a tail as it passes close to the the form of a tail as it passes close to the sun.sun.

SunSun

Composition – Hydrogen and HeliumComposition – Hydrogen and Helium

Sunspots – A dark area of the photosphere of Sunspots – A dark area of the photosphere of the sun that is cooler than the surrounding areasthe sun that is cooler than the surrounding areas

Solar Flares – An explosive release of energy Solar Flares – An explosive release of energy that comes from the sunthat comes from the sun

Auroras – colored light produced by charged Auroras – colored light produced by charged particles from the solar wind and from the particles from the solar wind and from the magnetosphere. magnetosphere.

MILKY WAYMILKY WAY

GALAXY WHICH OUR SOLAR SYSTEM IS LOCATED.

CONTAINS 100 BILLION STARS.

SPIRAL GALAXY

CLOSEST NEIGHBOR : MEGELLANIC CLOUDS (IRREGULAR GALAXIES) 150,000 LIGHT YEARS AWAY