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Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand Bangkok, Thailand

Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

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Page 1: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

Songsri Kasempimolporn

Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand

Stray dogs and rabies in Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, ThailandBangkok, Thailand

Page 2: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

EstimatedEstimated dog population and vaccine coverage dog population and vaccine coverage

in Bangkok, Thailandin Bangkok, Thailand Data were compiled by The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Data were compiled by The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration

and and the Bureau of National Statisticsthe Bureau of National Statistics

Dog population 1992 1999 2006Dog population 1992 1999 2006

House dogs 358,936House dogs 358,936 523,230523,230 823,504823,504

No. vaccinated 240,786 452,034No. vaccinated 240,786 452,034 753,478753,478

(67%) (86%) (91%)(67%) (86%) (91%)

Stray dogsStray dogs 40,019 40,019 110,584110,584 ??

No.vaccinated ?? ?? ??No.vaccinated ?? ?? ??

Page 3: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand
Page 4: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

Human deathsHuman deaths from rabies, 1997-from rabies, 1997-20062006

Year Year

BangkokBangkok**//ThailandThailand

1997 1997 77//5858 19981998 44//5757 19991999 77//6868 20002000 66//5050 20012001 88//3737 20022002 00//3030 20032003 33//2121 20042004 00//1919 20052005 33//2020 20062006 11//2525

** Bitten by dogs located in BangkokBitten by dogs located in Bangkok

Page 5: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

Sources of rabies transmitted to Sources of rabies transmitted to man, 2002-2005man, 2002-2005

Not recorded 5%

Dog95%

2004

Dog 93%

Not recorded7%

20022002

Dog 81%

Not recorded9%

Mongoose 5%

Rabbit 5%

20032003

Dog 70%

Not recorded20%

Monkey 5%

Cat Cat 55%%

2005

Page 6: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

Study ofStudy of molecular epidemiology of rabies molecular epidemiology of rabies virus that is prevalent among dogs in virus that is prevalent among dogs in

BangkokBangkok

A B

Rabies virus N gene was digested with enzyme DdeI or HinfI

Page 7: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

Canine

rabies virus

Type I: DdI-HfI

Type II: DdII-HfII

Type III: DdIII-HfI

Type IV: DdIV-HfI

Type V: DdIV-HfIII

M I II III

(D4,D

110

)

(D38)

(D76

)

Hf

Page 8: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

Dog

Cat

Page 9: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand
Page 10: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

Saliva sample collection was done with a total of 3,314 dogs seen for

surgical sterilization during 12/2003-6/2004

Page 11: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

Detection of rabies virus in Detection of rabies virus in dog salivadog saliva

Screening test: The latex agglutination Screening test: The latex agglutination test test

(Kasempimolporn et al. J Clin Microbiol (Kasempimolporn et al. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:3098-99)2000;38:3098-99)

Confirmatory test: RT-PCR with nested Confirmatory test: RT-PCR with nested primersprimers

Page 12: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

Blood sample collection

Page 13: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

Determination of rabies Determination of rabies antibody in dog serumantibody in dog serum

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)(ELISA)

- A minimum value of 0.5 IU/ml of neutralizing antibodies should be attained to demonstrate seroconversion in humans, and we used the same for the dogs.

- An estimated true prevalence of antibodies among stray dogs was calculated using the Rogan-Gladen-estimator and the confidence interval (CI) was set at 95% (Grenier and Gardner, Prev Vet Med 2000;45:43-59)

Page 14: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

Latex agglutination testLatex agglutination test

Page 15: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

524 bp

DN

A L

ad

der

10

0 b

p

+

ve C

on

trol

- ve C

on

trol

Dog

saliva

Detection of rabies virus RNA in saliva specimen by

RT-PCR

The prevalence of rabies virus infection among The prevalence of rabies virus infection among stray dogs investigated was 0.03% (1 of 3,314)stray dogs investigated was 0.03% (1 of 3,314)

Page 16: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

Central BangkokCentral Bangkok Bangkok’s outskirtsBangkok’s outskirts

No. tested No. positive Adjusted seroprevalence No. teested No. positive Adjusted seroprevalence

% 95% CI % 95%CI

1,208 887 86 76-96 2,106 933 49 41-57

Seroprevalence of rabies antibodies among stray Seroprevalence of rabies antibodies among stray dogs, based on an ELISA cut-off level of 0.5 EU/mldogs, based on an ELISA cut-off level of 0.5 EU/ml

The overall seroprevalence of rabies antibody The overall seroprevalence of rabies antibody among stray dogs in Bangkok was 62% (95%CI among stray dogs in Bangkok was 62% (95%CI

54-70%)54-70%)

Page 17: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

Map of Bangkok depicting the 50 districts. Shaded surface areas represent the districts in which the antibody

seroprevalence among stray dogs reached 70%

Page 18: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand

Rabies infection is still Rabies infection is still prevalent in Bangkokprevalent in Bangkok

Low vaccination coverage and Low vaccination coverage and ineffective management of stray ineffective management of stray dogs are the most likely reasons dogs are the most likely reasons for the dog rabies elimination for the dog rabies elimination program’s lack of successprogram’s lack of success

ConclusionConclusionss

Page 19: Songsri Kasempimolporn Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Stray dogs and rabies in Bangkok, Thailand