.
Contents PAG'&.
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT . . . .. . . . . ... . .. . . 97 B y H VPATIA BRADL AUG H BONNER.
THE EARLY YEARS OF WILLIAM JOHNSON FOX.. 101 By E . F . B RIDE LL F ox.
A FABLE .. . ..... . ... .... . . . ... . . . . .. . ... , ., . " ...... 106 B y E . J. TROU!'.
REPORTS OF MEETINGS AND NOTES ON SOUTH PLACE WORK .. .. . ... . . . . . ,. ... ...... . . .. .. .. 107
KINDRED SOCIETIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 110
NOTICES, &c. . . ...... . .................... • ...... .. .. 112
Monthly. 2d., OR 25. 6d~ PE R A N NU M , POST F RE lt
$onMn SOUTH PLACE ETHICAL SOCIETY, FINSBURY, E.C.
--------------................. -------------
South Place Chapel & Institute, Finsbury, E.C. MINISTER: 1\10 CURE D. CONW A Y, L.II.D.
Object of the SOciety . .. The object of the Society is ~he cultivation of a rational
religious sentiment, the study of ethical principles. and the promotion of human welfare, in harmony with advancing knowledge."
APRIL, 1897.
Tlte followilll: DISCOURSES will be delivered 011 SlIlIday momiJlgs, Service" begimll/lg at f /.15:-
April 4th .-Dr. MONCURE D. CONWAY._" Peace." Hymns, 39, 36.
Anthems. 1 I. :: Spring.her lovely c,~arms unfolds" C" Seasons") 2. 0 rest In lite Lord .. , ... .., ,_, ....
April nth.-Dr. MONCURE D. CONWAY.-" The Touchstone Hymns, n, 60.
A th t 1. 11 Bcnedlclus" ... ... ... . .. .
HaYc/Il· Jltll.l(/sso"lt~
oC Truth."
Weber. n ems. 2. "The Soft Southern Breeze" (" Rebekah ") .. .
April IBth.-W. R. WASHINGTON SULLIVAN.-" The Resurrection. Myth." Hymns, 3, 9B.
Bnmby
Antbems 1 r. "The wintry winds hav(l cea'ed to blow" (No. 1+', Old Book) Mw",I •• o/", • 2. u 0 Salutaris IIosria I' CH Missc So!cnnclIe tl
) ••• ., •• Rossim
April 25th.-W. R . WASHINGTON SULLIVAN. "Canon Gore on 'Evolution and the Fall '." Hymns, So,52.
A th {'." \Vhen wild wind, shake the Elder Brake" (No. 203) '" n cml. 2. If l\fy heart ever faithful" .. , .... '" ... . .. Flowe,..
Bach.
Visitors /lJay take allY Seats vacallt at tlte close of the first A IIlhelll, alld they are invlled to obtaill illformatiOlL ill the Library regarding Ihe Society eitlter before or after lite Services.
A Col/ectioll is lIlade at tlte close of eaclt Service to ellable Visitors to COli tribute to the expmses of the Society.
The Annual General Meeting of the Members will be held on Thursday evening, May I3th, at 7 o'clock.
It is requested that names of members willing to serve on the General Commfttce be sent In as soon as possible. Nomination forms may be obtained on application to tbe Secretary.
SUNDAY SCHOOL. The Children meet in the Chapel every Sunday morning, 'at IU5, and their lesson i.
given in the Class-room during the discourse. The following are the arrangements for April :-
During April, Mrs. BRACE will read Selections from the story of .. The Four Leaved Shamrock."
April ~th.-" The Copper Leaf." AprilrBth.-" The Golden Leaf." " IIth.-flThe Silver Leaf." tI 25lh.-uThe Diamond Leaf." ------
MEMBERSHIP. "Persons paying for sittings in the Society's place of Meeting for the timo being arc thereby
constitnted members of the Society. ~remDers who a.re twenty-onc years of a~c or upwards, whose names have been twelve 1110nth5 upon tbe register, and whose subSCriptions for the! previous quarter have been paid, shall be qualified to vote and to hold office."-Erlm.1 /roll: Ihe Rllles
SIttings may be obtained upon application in the Lihrary, or \0 C . G. CANN ING, 4, Morland Road, Penge, S.E , prices varying from IS. to IOS. per quarter. Persons under 21 are charged hal f the usual prices.
Cyclists desiring to attend at South Place arc Informed that the Committee have mad" arrangements for bousing their machines.
ASSOCIATEs.-Persons residing at a distance, and who arc unable to attend the services regular!y, may become Associates of the Society upon payment of an Annual SUbsCI iption oC Ss., with the privilege of receiviug all the current publication. of the Society.
The Chapel is licensed for Marriages.
SOUTH PLACE -MAGAZINE . No. 7. Vol.l!. APRIL, 1897. • d . Monthly.
2s. Bd. per annum, post treo.
(The writcrs of A ,'tic/cs appearillg in this J\Il agazille arc alone respollsible for the opiniolls therein expressed.)
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT.
EVER since this country first had laws, probably when we had no written laws at all, but merely recognised customs, those who transgressed the usages of the community were liable to some form of corporal punishment. In early times when ideas and means were both limited, it was natural enough that execu­ tions, ordeals, mutilations and flogging should be the order of the day; but now that the study of penology has been raised to a science, now that we have, not only punitive, but even corrective, institutions of various kinds at our disposal, we cannot plead poverty of ideas, or lack of means, as an excuse for retaining any form of brutal punishment. The tendency is strong, however, to consider any long continued practice as right; and so firmly has this habil of the whip established itself as part of our customs of life that Some of us are apt to regard it as a necessary part, and to fear that if it should be removed the most disastrous consequences would ensue.
Hence it is not uncommon to hear persons profess the greatest faith in the efficacy of a "sound thrashing"; but, in spite of the emphasis with which they are accustomed to enunciate their belief, they would be puzzled to point out a solitary example of a reform brought about by the use of the cane, birch, or cat. There are, I lmow, men who will nai"vely say" I daresay I am all the better myself for the canings I had when I was a boy"; at the same time if they were questioned, I do not believe they could honestly point to one instance, where -verbal admonition having failed-the whipping taught them that the act for which they were punished was a wrongful act, and so changed their characlers that they determined to refrain from all wrongful acts in the future. A caning will undoubtedly make a boy zealous in his efforts to avoid being found out in his wrongful acts-i.e., it tends to encourage him in habits of deceit and hypocrisy. It may even go so far as to make the boy fear to repeat the parti<;ular act for which he has suffered; he i? induced to refrain from wrong-doing by a dread of physical pain, and nol because his view of the matter has changed . It is simply that the game is not worth the candle; the price he has to pay, the price of physical pain-not, as one would desire, the price of self·esteem-is too great.
My experience of the use of the cane is that it leaves the
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child embittered and defiant, and with an overwhelming desire for revenge; if he repents, at such a moment, at all, it is not for what he has done, but that what he did do was not a great deal worse. When children are whipped often, they get callous; it is an evil, as inevitable, and as much to be endured, as a distasteful lesson; but the agony of shame a child endures at his first whipping is inexpressible, if, as sometimes happens, he had grown up to ten or eleven years of age without corporal punishment. Some lads I knew, brought up without slaps or whippings, were sent to a public school; in the course of a few days, for some trifling act of inattention or neglect, one of them -an extremely docile, tractable lad-was caned . He was over­ come with shame, his sense of self-respect for the moment shattered, his heart heavy, and thoughts distracted . He was sorry for what he had done, but probably not nearly so sorry as he would have been after a verbal admonition, for in his state of mind, the offence was lost sight of in his shame at his punish­ ment. As the parents had hitherto managed-and managed admirably-to guide their sons, without recourse to the cane, the boys were immediately removed from the school. A few days later, a schoolfellow brought home their books and said, smiling, to the mother, "It is a pity, Mrs.--, that F . took his whipping so much to heart. He would soon have got used to it, and when you are used to it, you don't mind it a bit ." He was quite cheerful, for he had got used to it, and the punishment had become to him a mere matter of course.
Lord Norton, in an article on corporal punishment in a recent number of the Prisons Service Review, applauds the use of the birch at Eton, and actually says that what is vainly attempted in truant schools is achieved in this school for" the sons of gentlemen" by " two minutes of the birch"! As though any comparison were possible between the unhappy children who are compelled to attend the truant schools and the boys at Eton. Such a superficial method of dealing with the matter is of no assistance in elucidating, what every thoughtful person must feel to be, a very difficult problem-the correction of the young. Those who are thoughtless, instead of thoughtful, use the hand, or the cane, because it is the easiest and readiest form of punishment; they attend only to the immediate visible result of their act, and do not consider the less immediately manifest, but more enduring, effect upon the culprit's character.
Passing from the question of the corporal punishment of the ordinary schoolboy to that of the juvenile offender against our laws, the matter assumes still another aspect. To the miserable boy of the gutter, accustomed to unutterable hardships and rough usage, the whipping in itself does not appear so very serious; he is more impressed by the formality by which it is surrounded. Once he has passed through the ordeal of this, the fear of the birch has very little influence upon him. The people who advocate the birch as punishment for boy offences are
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often kindly-hearted folks, who cOJlnot endure the idea of sending a boy to prison, and thus putting on him a stigma for life. They look at the matter as a choice between whipping and imprisonment only, and of two evils, they choose the least. The Royal Commission and the Scotch Commission both seem to ha ve approved the birch on this ground.
The punishment of a juvenile should be chosen essentially for its value as a reformative. The consideration of its value as a deterrent may be neglected. Few young people study the annals of crime, and those who do, pay far more attention to the adventures of the criminal, his daring, his hairbreadth escapes, and his cunning evasions, than to his ultimate fate. Therefore, it is principally, if not entirely, a question of how far the punish­ ment is calculated to reform the individual culprit. It may be safely asserted that whipping is absolutely useless for this purpose. There is a very large percentage of reconvictions amongst juvenile offenders who have been whipped; neither prison nor the birch will purify the young delinquent from vice or crime, although the fear of incarceration, or the fear of physical pain, may have the effect of sharpening his wits in a particular direction, and thus make him more dexterous in the future in avoiding apprehension.
In considering the necessity of corporal punishment for juvenile offenders, it must be borne in mind that, although British opinion is in favour of the birch, it is so far from being the general opinion amongst European nations that England (and in a less degree, Scotland, and, in a still less degree, Ireland) shares it with Norway and Denmark only. In Norway, whipping is a common punishment for boys between the ages of ten and fifteen; in Denmark, girl offenders are whipped up to the age of twelve, and boys to the age of fifteen; from fifteen to eighteen they may be flogged. Denmark seems to enjoy the unenviable position of being the only civilised com­ munity where the penal code provides for the whipping of girls. The number of juveniles sentenced to be whipped in England is <:onsiderable; in the year 1893 upwards of 2,800 were so sentenced, in Scotland the number in that year did not exceed 335, and in Ireland the whipping of juveniles, although legal, is very rare. In France, Italy, Switzerland. Germany, Austria, Sweden, and Russia the laws do not countenance the whipping of juvenile offenders. As Mr. Douglas Morrison (to whose valuable book upon "J uvenile Offenders" I am indebted for the facts relating to the practice in the different European countries) aptly points out "There is an international as well as a national conscience. When the international conscience condemns flogging and whipping as legitimate instruments of social defence, it is incumbent on the upholders of those modes of punishment to re-examine the grounds on which they rest in the light of this condemnation".
If England has few European nations to sympathise with her
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in the whipping of juveniles, in the flogging of adults she has none, for no other country admits this punishment into its penal code. Russia, Germany and Scandinavia, with curious in. consistency, retain it as a prison punishment, but elsewhere it is not only not in use for the maintenance of prison discipline, but is often expressly forbidden. As the flogging of adults is always additional to imprisonments, our opinion of its value rests upon its intrinsic merits, and is not prejudiced by regarding it as an alternative to some other form of punishment.
When a man is sentenced to be flogged he is fastened to a triangle, his back is bared, and, while one warder wields the whip with its nine snake·like thongs, another counts out the number, whilst the responsible officials stand by to see the sentence duly carried out. The most hardened offender will strive to utter no cry; to make no sign: and at the end of his punishment, though nearly fainting and scarce able to walk, he will still bear a defiant look the index of a heart untouched.
Lord Norton says that" the whip is a first-rate instrument, the one that none care to come again for, if they can help it". Such an argument might be used in support 01 the pillory, of branding, of the thumbscrew, or of any other method of inflicting physical pain as a punishment for crime, but it would not justify us in the use of it. The law must not stoop to the criminal, we must not punish assaults by assault, crime by crime. And to say that a man does not care to be flogged a second time, 1f he can help it, is almost childish. The best of us frequently and with deliberate intention take risks of injury and pain, sometimes for very slight motives; why, then, should we expect those to abstain from such risks who-as a class-stand on an altogether lower plane than the best, both intellectually and in pain t of physical sensibility.
But people say" Think of the garotters! Flogging put an end to garotting in London in the sixties. And how could discipline be maintained in prisons without the power to flog; and what is so fitting a punishment for wife beaters and those who outrage and are cruel to children" .
In the first place, reluctant as some seem to believe it, flogging did not put and end to garotting. This particular form of robbery with violence was peculiar to London and 10 a certain year, and is understood to have been the work of one particular gang; when that gang was captured garotting disappeared. In any case the Flogging Bill was not introduced into Parliament for some months after the garotting epedemic was at an end . IL is strange, also, how people cling to the idea that men who beat their wives, or who otherwise assault women, are punished with the cat, whenl as a matter of fact, wife beating and assaults on girls or children are not offences liable to corporal punishment.
Although, however, a man may beat his wife and not risk his own back, yet if he solemnize.a marriage without a licence, or in an unregistered building, then, verily, saith the Law, the judge
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may order him to be strapped to a triangle and to receive so many lashes with that barbarous instrument of torture, the nine-thonged whip. Cried Moses in the days of yore, " An eye for an eye." Says Lord Norton in 1897, "Good punishment must be analogous to, and commensurate with, the offence." But I think it would puzzle equally the law-giver of old and the law-maker of the nineteenth century to point out the analogy between flogging and a marriage illegally solemnized! Is it possible that the ad vocates of corporal punishment claim that a fear of the lash is necessary to deter men from enticing couples, matrimonially inclined, into unregistered buildings! On this point [ can offer no opinion, as I have absolutely no data to go upon.
In regard to the maintf::nance of discipline in prisons, the discipline of fear, the discipline which appeals to a man's cowardice, rests upon a very unsafe foundation; and it is beyond dispute that prisons can be managed without it . They are so managed in most of the Continental countries, they are so managed (with very rare exceptions) in Ireland, they are so managed in cotland . Why should it be so much more difficult to keep order in an English prison? As a matter of fact, it is not. A superstition prevails among many governors that "it would be impossible to preserve discipline and protect the officers-a few men amid large bodies of prisoners, many of turbulent dispositions-without fear of cor­ poral punishment," and they adhere to this superstition in spite of the fact that Mr. Shepherd governed "\Vakefield prison for thirty years without it, and "\Vakefield was a notably well­ conducted prison.
Fear of the birch does not deter the boy, nor dread of the cat the man; corporal punishment has never reformed the heart of a single human being. The use of the cane should cease from our homes and schools, and the use of the birch and the whip from our prisons. England-who prides herself that she stands in the van of civilization-should no longer endure this blot upon the fair fame of her humanity, that she, alone amongst European nations, retains this old, brutal, and unnecessary form of punish­ ment as part of her penal system.
HVPATJA BKADLAUGH BONNER.
THE EARLY YEARS OF WILLIAM JOHN ON FOX.
First Minister of Soltth Place Chapel, alld Member of Parliamellt tor tlte Bnrollglt of Oldlzalll .
BORN, 1786. DIED, 1864.
"I MUST now introduce my first friend ", were the concluding words of my first chapter, and with these words I propose to
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resume the extracts from the Fragment of Autobiography by W. J. Fox.
We left him a boy of thirteen, just released from working a weaver's loom, and raised to the rank of a junior bank clerk. "My penmanship and arithmetic achieved the dignity which the poetry of Burns missed and lamented. 'I strutted in a bank and clackit my cash account' "-he wrote of himself. Vvith this" first step on the social ladder ", as he himself calls it, came also what to an ardent, affectionate nature is one of the great formative influences on character-a first warm friendship; in Fox's case, inspired Oy a lad several years older than himself, high principled and disinterested, but erratic to the last degree.
A man of Mr. Fox's imaginative and sensitive nature makes but few friendships, but those few fill his heart, and deeply affect his character and work. It would be rash to assert how far this early friendship (idealised as it was by the first awakening of his affections) influenced his future life. Yet certain seeds were then sown that blossomed and bore fruit in after years.
" William Saint", he writes of this friend, " was the son of a tapster with a large family and a small business. The business was in a populous neighbourhood, consisting chiefly of Radical weavers whom Saint, the tapster, had organised into a branch of the London Corresponding Society, thereby endangering his own organization by the compression of that revolutionary collar which Pitt and Granville were then endeavouring to fix upon the necks of Hardy, Tooke, and Thelwall."
The Society was formed in 1791 with the object of corre­ sponding with the French patriots and Republicans, in order, generally, to spread political knowledge in England, and also, especially, the ideas of Jean Jacques Rousseau . The three acknowledged leaders were Thomas Hardy, a shoemaker, a good-hearted, simple, but illiterate man; Home Tooke, a clergyman, vicar of Brentford, a highly educated man, the personal friend of Charles James Fox; and Thelwall, a literary man and public lecturer.
In I794, these three men, with nine others, were brought up for trial on a trumped-up charge of high treason . Public indignation rose to white heat at these trials, not the first or the last of their kind . Rogers, the poet, refers to them in the well­ known lines:
" On through that gate' misnamed, thro' which before V.fent Sidney, Russell, Raleigh, Cranmer, More, On into twilight within wal1s of stone, Then to the place of trial" .
There seems to be no doubt that Pi tt, who at that time held the reins of government, had become most horribly frightened at the terrible and bloody excesses then being perpe-
1 The Traitors' Gate: the water gate in the Tower of London .
103
trated 011 over France in the. sacred name of Liberty, and that he lived in actual terror of the" thousands of bandits ready to rise against the throne at any moment to murder the landlords and to sack London ."
Happily for England and for freedom, the prosecution did not succeed. The jury immortalised itself by bringing in a verdict of not Kftilty, after three successive trials lasting altogether for seventeen days . A verdict greeted with the wildest enthu­ siasm by the vast multitude waiting outside the Court at the Old Bailey. Similar trials in Edinburgh of the members of the Scotch Branch of the "Corresponding Society" had very different results; for, heavy fines and trC!-nsportion, even death, were the sentences awarded to those who had merely publicly expressed their desire for Parliamentary RefoJ;m. "God help the people who have such judges," Charles James Fox had exclaimed, on hearing of the sentences.
The impression made by these events was a lasting one. The acquittal was celebrated for many years by a public meeting or dinner, from which, after his settlement in London in 1817, Mr. Fox was rarely, if ever, absent, until the final one in 1853, over which he presided, the standing toast of the evening being " Civil and Religious Liberty all the world over."
"The acquittal, however," to continue our quotations, "saved the Norwich Saint from becoming a martyr; and his fellow-citizens confirmed his canonisation by drav,ring him into the town in triumph on his return .
"His eldest son, little William, went forth to meet him, shared the honours of the day, heard bis father's tale of the Tower; and revenge and glory conspired to stamp him a Democrat for ever. Yet there were sophistries in the faith of J acobinism whicb the logical mind of the future mathematician was keen enough to detect, and the perception of which sub­ jected his character to the enfeebling influences of political sceptism, as other circumstances, soon after, did to religious scepticism . . . . .
" In religion, as in politics, William Saint's scepticism was the result of a keen and strong intellect exercised upon insufficient materials; and this anomaly ran all through his character. On every subject, except mathematical science, his knowledge was irregularly acquired, and ill arranged. It was picked up incidentally, as occasion offered, or by way of relaxation from his one mental pursuit. Consequently, his taste seldom preferred the best models : his opinions were seldom the result of a sufficent induction . . . . . The ambition which was strongly developed in him, and which carried him so far in mathe­ matical science, misled him in almost every other depart­ ment, because he could not elsewhere apply with success the peculiar logic in which his mind was strong. In all matters of taste he inclined to the swelling and turgid . and in the affairs
I04
Qf life he subjected himself to many calamities, his ambition prompting lofty aims, and his acuteness detecting almost petty Qbstacles, which by his dwelling upon them became formidable. He embroiled himself to no purpose, alike with his uncle (Mr. N. previously referred to), with his employers in Gurney's Bank (where he was clerk and where I first became intimate with him), and, later on, with the authorities when he had become one of the mathematical masters at the Royal Academy at Woolwich; always ins~bordinate to a superior, yet never making a successful rebellion. Even in mathematics his progress was once seriously interrupted by the hypothesis on which the fluctuating calculus is fOllnded, and of which, though he could not demonstrate the fallacy, he could not admit the truth, and would not pursue the science with only a provisional assent to its introductory assumption.
" But if Saint was a bad logician, I was a worse. Though his information was imperfect, to me it was vast, for I could not preceive its limits. He had got amongst many sophisms, while I had scarcely reached a single syllogism. He was seven years older than myself, and had almost seen seven times as much of the world; I therefore venerated him where he was least venerable, while I was unconsciously drawn towards him by what was most estimable; by his kindness, by his attachment towards myself, the intellectual character of his am bition, and a warm and glowing atmosphere of feeling which surrounded his mind like a halo.
"We became inseparable. We met in the summer by five Q'clock in the morning to study mathematics together till eight. We read philosophy and history together during half our allotted dinner hour: we learnt Latin together three evenings in the week of old Frausham" (a learned and eccentric old professor in Norwich); "and the other three evenings we walked together in the fields, or over the then unenclosed Mousehold Heath", (which dominates the east side of Norwich, immortalised by Old Crol1le, and now, alas, only to be seen in the National Gallery in its original wild beauty).
"Our talk was ever of mathematics, and of mathematicians who had gained renown; until we entered into a solemn league and covenant to pursue the mathematical sciences for seven years.
" The engagement was faithfully and zealously observed until the separating courses of our lives subjected it to inevitable interruption. Saillt married and removed to Woolwich; and I became religious, and looked forward to the Ministry. And so ended my mathematical career, which was short but succesful. I had made myself a respectable algebraist, and even in the intervals of bank business, could dally with Diophantines, geometry, trigonometry, plane and spherical conic sections, up to my ne pIns ultra of imson's Fluxions, which last I mastered
I05
alone (during the interregnum occasioned by the rebellion of Saint's mind just adverted to), studying in my bedroom from four till eight o'clock on winter's mornings, without a fire, for several successive months.
"These were my acquirements with no aid but that of my friend, who, although my teacher at the outset, was after the first stages of the progress, rarely in advance of me. It was at the very commencement of them that I gained an honour of which I was proud, and Saint, on my behalf, much proud er. Phillips, the bookseller, had instituted a periodical called the Monthly Preceptor, in which prizes of various value, but amount­ ing altogether, nominally at least, to about £50 worth a month, were offered for the unaided productions of young people under 14 years of age in various branches of science and literature . It was at Saint's instigation that I became a competitor, and I think that this was the very commencement of our friendly in tercourse " .
After this came classical studies and religious enthusiasm; and in 1806, at the age of 20, Mr. Fox resigned his clerkship in the bank, and spent three years at the Orthodox Dissentmg College, Homerton, studying under the Rev. Dr. Pye Smith for the Calvinistic ministry, the duties of which he entered upon in 1809.
However far apart he and his first friend may have 'been for a time, in politics they were never far apart, and they never lost sight of each other. In a Diary forthe year 1819, when Mr. Fox was settled in London as minister of the Unitarian congregation of Parliament Court, Bishopsgate Street,1 occurs the entry, under the date, July 17th, " Heard by letter from S. S . of poor Saint's death on the night of Wednesday last . Fri~nd of my youth, farewell! I shall find none truer or steadier. Sceptic as thou wert, be the place of my soul near to thine ."
Three months later, in the following October, occurred the famous prosecution of Carlile for publishing Paine's "Age of Reason" . Mr. Fox was present at the trial, and shocked at the applause in Court wheu the verdict of "Guilty" was announced, "as if a Waterloo victory had been gained over Infidelity," by the forcible suppression of the right of private judgment.
On Sunday, October 24th, Mr. Fox delivered a sermon at Parliament Court Chapel, "On the Duties of Chris tians towards Deists", in which he calls upon Christians to " Do justice to the opinions of Deists", and "to be just to their characters". Surely he had the friend whose loss he so lately mourned in his mind, when he wrote in the course of this sermon; "If the sincere love of truth and goodness; if just claims to the regard and gratitude of all around; if friendship the most disinterested and unvarying; if pious feeling, pure and elevated, towards the
I The parent chapel of the South Place congregation,
I06
Author of natnre, and philanthrophy the most diffusive, can form a title to high esteem, then have I known, well known, one instance at least, in which it was due to an unbeliever. There may be many such." ~ A
-Extracts from an Aldobiographical Fragment, contributed by his Daughter, E. F. Bridell Fox.
A FABLE .
1 DREAMED that I stood upon a great wide plain, where were many thick hedges of thorn and briars, and some parts were pleasant open meadows where the pure winds of heaven blew upon the face, and many sweet flowers grew; and some were so shut in and overgrown that the sun­ shine could not enter there, and the ground was slippery with mire. And I saw little children crawling in the muddy places, crying; and when they would pass through the hedges to reach the open meadows, they could not for the thorns that caught and held them. And beyond the hedges were other children playing; and some stood together in a circle and tossed a large golden ball toward the sky, and on the ball were crystal letters that shed a strange light, and the letters spelt" Faith". The childrens' faces wore a wistful sweetness, and as they flung the ball upward, they cried," h, that we were stronger! Then should our ball reach the clouds, where it would rest and come no more back to earth!" But always the ball returned; and ever and anon it fell upon one of the players with a crushing blow, so that he was sorely bruised, and wailed in pain that he could play no more. But the others played on, and scarcely heeded him who was hurt, fixing their sweet earnest eyes on the ball, and hurling it with stronger effort toward the sky.
And I came to another group; and the faces of these children were alight with the glow of inward happiness and health . And they were habited like little serving-men and maidens, with white caps and aprons, and so busy were they that they marked me not. And I saw that on the cap of each was written" Human Service", and they sang together as they passed hither and thither. And, coming closer, I found each one had hung at his breast a tiny crystal lamp, which gave a light like the letters 1 had seen upon the golden ball, but these lamps shed a rosy radiance through all the air which lent a beauty even to ugly thmgs, and made it a joy to be alive. And I caught one of the busy little " servers" by the arm, and asked him of what they did, and why it seemed a joy to be alive among them . "The lamps we carry ", answered the child, "are our treasures; they are called "Faith in Human Goodness," and it is through their light that we are happy. You will see that some of us are dressed like workmen, or masons, some like shopmen; some are nurses, some house-maidens; some have gowns like priests, some are students of nature; some have the artist's painting-smock, some the thinking cap of the poet. We are all one band, though we work so differently; and it is the steady burning of ollr lamps that brings us joy, so that we are never tired ". And I watched them long, and saw how the thorny hedges disappeared before them, and how they set the crawling children on their feet and brought them out into the sunshine.
And while I watched, I saw one of the little maidens whose lamp
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swung loosely on her breast. And there came one who wrenched away the lamp from her, and threw it on the ground, and she straightway fell, and was as one dead. Then came the others and gently lifted her up, tending her lovingly, and chafing her little cold hands, and putting into them once more the precious lamp. Then carefully they bound it upon her breast, and I saw that as soon as the lamp lay again upon her heart she arose without tottering, and went about her work with a song. And I cried in my sleep, "Oh, that I had but a lamp! " and I woke, and there stood over me a little child; and 10! the lamp lay upon my heart. E. J. TRouP.
The Education Bill.-On Monday evening, March 6th, a public meeting was held at South Place to consider the question of National Education . The Chair was taken by Mr. Alfred Preston, who was supported by Dr. Moncure O. Conway. Mrs. Bradlaugh Bonner, Messrs. J. Allanson Picton, John M. Robertson, and others. Letters of regret were read from Mr. S . Buxton, M.P., Sir John Hutton, L.C .C., Hon . D . Naoroji, Mr. John Burns, M.P., Mr. F. J. Gould, and others.
Mr. W . R. Washington Sullivan wrote : "One point, it seems to me, should be particularly pressed now, and at the Elections in November, namely, that our cardinal objection to the further endowment of Voluntary Schools is this-that in the interests of truth we object to young children being taught, as a philosophy of the world and of life, a system which we know to be demonstrably false . Churchmen of all sects complain of the hardships of being compelled to pay rates towards the main­ tenance of schools of whose religious teaching they conscien­ tiously disapprove. Let them remember that in asking for public money in furtherance of their individual tenets, they subject ue: to the same penalty . . . . ' Cardinals and Bishops have the effrontery to make further demands on the public in the interest of their discredited dogmatisms. What we say is, let the extra grant of over half a millon be earllcd at the next su:nmer exam­ ination by demonstrated increased efficiency in secular know­ ledge, and they shall have it, and as much more of our money as they can vindicate a claim to by proving their ability to turn out scholars and citizens instead of juyenile theologians".
Mr. John A . Hobson wrote: "It seems to me that the Education question is one upon which Ethical Societies should speak with no uncertain or divided voice. That all education supported by public funds should be controlled by publicly elected bodies, is one of the simplest applications of democratic principle. Thp.t priests should usurp the reasonable authority accorded to trained educationalists, and should be allowed to use the money of the tax-payer to break down the system of non-sectarian schools supported by the money of the rate-payer, that any further money should be used to pay for the teaching of religious dogmas-these things must be deeply repugnant to
ro8
the minds of all who are free-thinkers in the true sense of the word. The whole trouble arises from the notion that it is always profitable to compromise, which prevails so widely among English people. The coni promise of 1870 is directly responsible for the retrograde policy of the present Government and for the specious reasoning by which they can defend some parts of it . Free-thinkers should stand firm by the principle of public non-sectarian education; if they give way one step they will have to fend the whole ground again ."
The Chairman said it was their intention to propose a reso­ lution demanding that justice should be done to all people. They had paid for education, not only towards Board schools, but to Voluntary schools also, and he ventured to think the influence of that Institute had been very great.
Dr. Con~ay moved: "In view of the Education Bill now before Parliament, this meeting, convened by the South Place Ethical Society, protests against the employment of the nation's money for any education other than secular, which includes moral teaching. In the event, however, of further grants being made to so-called Voluntary schools, it demands in justice to all sections of the people that efficient public control be exercised over such schools to ensure the teaching in secular suhjects being of the highest character." He said the conscience clause was a humbug, and the time ha 1 come to free the nation from the discord on this Stl bject .
Mr. Clarence eyler seconded, and the resolution was sup­ ported by Mr. J. Allanson Picton and Mrs. Bradlaugh Bonner, and carried unanimously. Mr. John M. Robertson moved, and Mr. \V. J. Reynolds seconded, that copies of the above resolu­ tion be sent by the Hon. Secretary of the Society to Lord
alisbury, Right Hon. A. J. Balfour, and Sir John Gorst; this was also carried. A vote of thanks to Mr. Preston for pre­ siding, moved by Mr. J. Hunns and seconded by Mr. J. Hallam, concluded the proceedings.
South Place Sunday Popular Concerts.-On Sunday, 28th February, the 250th of the above c:oncerts was given. All the instrumental items of the programme, including Schubert's Quintet in C, and Mendelssohn's Octet in E flat, were played by various members of the Grimson family. Mr. Thorndike was the vocalist, and readers of the Magazine will note with interest that this accomplished artist, who is a member of the Society, sang at the first concert given on February 20th, 1887.
The ociety has every reason to feel gratified with the com­ pletion of ten years' important and successful wmk. The high standard of the programmes and of their performance has been maintained, and special and interesting features have heen introduced as opportunities have allowed . High-class Sunday concerts have now become a recognised feature of London life, and the outh Place Concerts have played no unimportant
11
rog
part in preparing the mind and the taste of the public for the appreciation of the best classical music, and in breaking down the prejudice of the majority against anything so unorthodox as a Sunday concer t.
Sunday Afternoon Lectures.- The following lecturers are announced for the Sunday afternoons during April, in con­ tinuance of the course on the British Empire:-
H . A. Gifford, Q.C., who is a native of Guernsey, graduated at Oxford, was called to the Bar in 1865, took silk in 1882, and was for some time equity examiner to the Inns of Court.
Sidney Marian, who two years since organised the" Amphion Glee. Men ", which has become "ne of the leading quartette parties in the Metropolis. They have already been heard on two occasions at South Place. The Institute lecture work will terminate with a musical lecture by Carl Armbruster on "Schubert ", with musical illustrations by Miss Pauline Cram er.
Ramblers' N otes.-Among the interesting places to which conducted visits will be made by the Ramblers during April, will be the following:-
WESTMINSTER ABBEy.-The abbey as it now stands was built by Edward I and his son Henry III on the site of a church which existed as early as the 7th century. Henry VII Chapel, the part to be visited by the Ramblers, was built by that monarch in the beginning of the r6th century. The Ramblers will have to submit to the payment of the fee of 6d. (complained of by ()liver Goldsmith's" Chinaman" over 100 years ago) on visiting om greatest national monument.
SAINT OLAVE'S CHURCH, HART STREET.-1:he last of the Gothic churches in the City; is interesting in having survived the Great Fire; was frequented by Samuel Pepys, who was buried there; it has a picturesque interior, and contains a number of curious tombs. The pulpit, attributed to Grin ling Gibbons, came from the destroyed church of St. Benedict, Gracechurch .
WEST LONDON SYNAGOGUE.-This building, of Moorish design, was erected in r870, at a cost of [20,000, for a congregation of dissenting ] ews, who started in a small room in BUl,ton Street fifty years ago. The Ark was the gift of the ladies of the Goldsmid family, and, con, trary to the custom in other synagogues, there is an organ, and the men and women sit together. Two of its ministers, Dr. l\larks and the Rev. Morris ]osephs, took part in our Sunday Afternoon addresses on the" Religious Systems of the vVorld ". Other conducted visits will be paid to the old-established pianoforte works of John Brinsmead and Sons; to the Linotype Composing Machine Company's Works; and to Messrs. Starkie Gardner and Co., the art metal workers. Mr. Starkie Gardner is a well-known authority on metal work, and his foundry at Lambeth is celebrated for its artistic productions. The acquisi­ tion of the metal work collection at South Kensington is in a great measure due to Mr. Gardner.
The first sketching and photographing ramble will be to Rainham, Essex, on May 8th . Rainham offers picturesque tiled cottages and marsh cattle to the sketcher and photographer,
110
and the Thames is only one and a-half miles distant. There is also a fine old Norman church, in which permission has kindly been given to take shelter, should the weather prove unfavour­ able. On the following Saturday will also be the first of a fresh series of rambles, when the cycli5ts (ladies as well as gentlemen) belonging to the Society will be asked to join in a cycling excursion. Full particulars will ue found in the May monthly list, but members wishing to join should send in their names to the secretary as early as possible.
\Ve are asked by the Rambler's Committee to express regret that they have been unable to send more tickets to their mem­ bers. 3,500 applications were made for the 1,500 tickets at the disposal of the Committee.
The Ramblers have in the past, for their principal summer holidays, visited Cornwall, Peak District, Ireland, and Wales, and this year they have chosen the West Highlands of Scotland. No more attractive choice could have been made, and we believe the Midland Railway Co. are offering special facilities to the Committee arranging this tour.
Monthly Soirees.-Mrs. Theodore Wright (who has just finished a series of Recitals at the Queen's Hall) has promised, with the assistance of Mr. Ernest Meads, to give a Dramatic and Musical entertainment at the next Soiree on April 5th .
Art and Book Sale.-The Committee beg to acknowledge the gifts of paintings, engravings, books, &c., and to say they would be glad if friends could arrange to send anything they can spare to this year's sale, as they are desirous of increasing the receipts over previous years.
KINDRED SOCIETIES. Union of Ethical Societies.-The second Annual Congress of
the Union will probably be held on May IS, 16, and 17. The Sunday morning lectures of the West London Ethical Society continue to be well attended. There will be no lecture on Easter Sunday. A children's class was opened by F. J. Gould at Kensington Town Hall on Sunday morning, March 7. The following Sunday evening lectures at the Athenreum in Camden Road are announced by the North London Society: April 4, Mrs. Gilliland Husband on" Love's Coming of Age"; April 11,
F. J. Gould upon" Goldwin Smith's Guesses at the Riddle of Existence". The latter lecture will be addressed to the East London Ethical Society on April 4; their programme for the rest of the month is as follows: April Il, Ellis Thurtell, M.A. on "John Stuart Mill, Economic and Ethical Reformer"; April 18, a discussion, opened by Miss Z . Vallance, upon" How to Judge a Moral Act ", to be followed by a social meeting; 25, F. J. Gould on " Class Feeling". At the South London Ethical 'Soclety, Dr. Stanton Coitwilllecture on" Carlyle " and" George Eliot" on the first two Sunday evenings in April, and on the
III
other two Sundays Mr. W. R._Washington Sullivan will lecture on " Morality and Immortality" and" Agur the Agnostic" .
Humanitarian League.-The last of the lectures organised by the Criminal Law and Prisons Department will be delivered on Wednesday, April 7, at 7.30 p.m., at South Place Institute, when the Rev. J . Page Hopps will lecture on "Rescue or Revenge in Prison Treatment; a Review of the Elmira Experiment." Dr. Moncure D . Conway will be in the chair. With a view to extending and co-ordinating the work of the League in con­ nection with the education of the sympathies of the young in humane ideas, the Committee has decided to start a Juvenile Department, in which the present Lantern Lectures Department will be merged . Suggestions are invited from all who are interested in the work and are willing in any way to assist.
Toynbee Hall.-The Saturday evening popular lectures have been continued with the most marked success. An ambulance class has been started at the Seamen's Institute, West Ferry Road, under Dr. Colcutt, of Poplar Hospital. The seventeenth Whitechapel Picture Exhibition, which promises to be of exceptional interest, will be opened on Wednesday afternoon, April 14, and closed on the evening of Sunday, May 2 . The Rt. Hon . A . J. Balfour has consented to become President of the Toynbee Orchestral Society.
------~-------- With reference to the paragraph in last month's Magazine on the
subject of the "Ethics of Animals' Rights ", we are now asked to announce that a Conference will be held at South Place Chapel on Sunday evening, May gth, at seven O'clock, to consider the ethical position of Vivisection_ Competent speakers will address the meeting, and we bope our members and friends will take advantage of the opportunity for hearing the views of well-known persons, on both sides of this question.
We are informed that the two lectures given by Mr. F . Herbert Mansford, in aid of the Repair Fund, realised over [6.
In order to have a complete and correct list in the Annual Report, members are requested to send in at once any cbange of address to the Secretary, and also to examine the proof sheets, which will be placed in the lobbies, and make any necessary corrections.
Correspondence.-WALLlS MANSFORD writes: "Now that the date for the Annual Meeting is nearing, it is hoped that members will bestir themselves to ensure the election of seven good workers for the Committee. The Society never stood more in need of earnest helpers, and at least ten or twelve nominations should be made, as a selection will tend to strengthen the choice.
J OSEPH R. CARTER writes: .. How fair
This earth were if all living things be linked In friendliness and common use of foods, Bloodless and pure; the golden grain , ripe fruits, Sweet herbs which grow for all, the waters wan,
Sufficient drinks and meats." Is the SOUTH PLACE MAGAZINE the place in which to discuss the ethics of food? If so, to clear the way, I would ask : Are we agreed with Lear that we should
.. Allow not nature more than nature needs" ;
112
and further, that- .. Man's life is cheap as beast's."
Most of us will readily admit that animals have some rights, or at least quasi rights. But where is the line to be drawn? For the orthodox, surely, the stern command of his God to Moses, and through him, to all believers, "Thou shalt not kill", must be construed to include all livillg thillgs. But what is to be the altitude of the free·thinker? Will he deny to animals, even those whose existence can in no wise imperil his own, the right to live without his assent? Does he think Coleridge was wrong when he sang-
.. He prayeth best who loveth best All things both great and small .. ;
or Shelley, who wrote- ". . . . no bright bird, insect, or gen tie beast,
I consciously have injured, but still loved And cherished these my kindred" ?
'Will the followers of Darwin continue to prey on their fellow·mam· mals? If not, may I venture to hope for the acquiescence of most of my readers in the truth of the lines at the head of this short statement from" The Light of Asia ", as interpreted by Sir Edwin Amold, which passage I should like to see em blazoned in letters of pure gold in our temple of truth, justice, and humanity, at South Place.
NOTICES.- Births.- On March Ist, at "LyndaU ", Thurleston Road, West Norwood, Lily, tbe wife of Ernest A. Can, of a son (ConwaYIBulton).
On March I7th, at 57 Compagne Gardens, West Hampstead, the wife of Edgar L. Watedow (wic Carter), of a son.
New Members.-Batten, Alfred, 25 Acland Street, Limehouse, E. Gregory, W . W., 27 Yonge Park, Finsbury Park, N. Removals.-Morris, H. G., to 269 Lewisham High Road, S1. John's,
.E. Satchell, Thomas, to I96 Temple Chambers, Temple Avenue, E.C. At Homes-Mr. and Mrs. Skellorn were at home to about 60
members of South Place, at Armfield's Hotel, on the 6th ult.
The paper by J .. H. M~irhe~d, M.A.,. on" Some Practical Bearings of the Study of EthiCS ", IS omItted, oWlDg to want of space, but will appear in the next number of the MAGAZINE, which will also contain articles by Charles E. Hooper and Claren~e H . Seyler.
The OUTl! PLACE MAGAZINE is for sale on the bookstalls of the following Ethical Societies: The London Ethical ociety, Essex Hall Essex 'treet, Strand j The West .London, at Kensington Town Hall; The onth London, at the l\lasolllc Hall, Camberwell New Road; and The East London, Libra Road, Bow, E. It is also sold by the following booksellers: Messrs. J ones and Evans, Queen Street, Cheapside; 1\.1 1'.
Ferris, 53, Finsbury Pavement; Mrs. Born, I IS, London \Vall j Mr. Forder, Stonecutter Street, E .C.; and Mr. W. Reeves, Fleet Street.
It is requested that all Literary Contributions be addressed to the Editor of the SOUTH PLACE MAGAZINE, Soutb Place Institute, Soutb Place, Finsbury, E.C. Notes from Kindred Societies, Correspondence Changes of Address, or other Notices for the next number of th~ Magazine, should be sent to the Editor not later than the I5th of the month.
Printed by A. BONNER, I & 2 Took's Court, Chancery Lane, London, E.C.
RAMBLERS' DANCES.~~INTH SElASON. A Special Dance will be given at Armfield's Hotel on Saturday. April 3rd. Dolnctll!:.
Music, etc., from 7 to J1. Sillgll- tickets, lS.()ci.; DOl1hh~. 45. ProcC!vds in aiel of South Place Deficit Fund. For further particulars, apply to ~liss S. TAYl.oII, 226 lIainault Road, L('ytonstonc. hon. scc.
SATURDAY AFTERNOON RAMBLES. The following Conducted Visits will '::tk(~ 1,lacc during April, for which special tickets are
required ;-vVc~tminster Abbey (conducted >y Miss Edith Bradley); John Brinsllll'ad and Sons' Pianoforte Works; SI. Olave's Church, lIart Street (conflncterl by Rev. Alfn'd Povah, 0.0.); West Lond 11 Synagogue (coneltlctco by Rev. ~lorris JOSerh); The Linotype Corn. posing Machine Company i The Studio of Sir Edward Bllrnc. ones, Bart.; Starkie, Gardncr and Co., Art Metal Workers; SOIah Metropolitan Gas Co.
Easter Co.operative Holiday at Rydc. Isle of Wight.-All members and friend, deCiding to join the above IllUst give in their nalllt" oefinitc,ly on or (where possible) bc/ort SUllday, April IIth, to Alfred J. elements, 25 Camdcn ROrld. N.W. -Arrangements with L.B. & S.C. Ry. will be the same as last Easter. Train leaves Lonoon Bridf(c at .1.55 p.m. on Thursday, April 15th. Return boats frolp Ry{h~ Pier Head on Tuesday, April 20th, at 8.5 a.m. and 6.15 p.m.-A meeting will be held at Rowlanu lIonse. 6 Eldon Slreet, E.C .• close to South Place Institute, on Sunday, April t nil, at about 5. Y5 p.m. (immediately after the Afternoon Lecture), when :arrangements will be made, The attendance of all taking part in this holiday is requested. Tea wilt be providt!tl.
A Sketching and Camera visit to Raillham will be arranged for May 8th. A Bicycle Run for May nnd. and Country Walks for May 15th and 29th. Her Majesty's Theatre.-A visit to Her ),!ajcsty's Theatre for a limited party on a
\Vcdnesday in May is under arrangement. Ramblers wishing to takd part must communicate with the Hon. Scc.
The First Ramblers' Soiree of the Season, Thursday, May 27th. Short papers hy ARTHUR BONNER and W.}, REYNOLDS. Music.
Good Friday. April 16th, Ev" ning Concert. Doors open, 7.30. Admission, 3d .• 6d., anu IS.
Musical Lecture, Sunday, April 25th, by CARt. AR\,IRRUSTER, on H Franz Schuuert ". Vocal illustrations by Miss PAULINE CRA""R. CommenCing at 7.
EVENING LECTURES. Tbe above Lectures are postponed until the autum n.
SUNDAY AFTERNOON FREE LECTURES ON THE BRITISH EMPIRE. April4th.-HENRY ALEXANDER G,HARD. Q.C. Lecture XLIX, .. ·" The Channel Islands."
(With Lantern Illustrations.) " Itth. ,SYDNEY MARION. Musical Lcctllrc.-" English Glees and Part Songs 11 Illus­
trated by the A"PlilON GLEY..MEN. (A Collection will be mao" after thislec!ure.) An ORGAN RECITAL will be given each afternoon from 3.30 to .1 o'clock. All Seats free.
No collection. Doors opl,n at 3·30. Lecture at 4 o'clock. lIon.. Scc .. \V. SIILOWIUNG, 35, Osbaltlcston Road, Stoke Newington, N.
THE MONTHLY SOIREES, The next Soir(-c will be held on Monelay evening, April 5th, when :lfrs. Theodore Wright,
Mr. Ernest Meads, and friends will give dramatic :lnd musical recitals. Tea and coffec, 7.30. Tickets, IS. i children, half-price.
A Children's Party will be held on Wednesday, April 28th. Doors open at 6 o'clock, terminate at 9. when a play for juvenile actors wi1l be performed, and there will be dancing and games. Tickt:ts. IS. ; children, half-price.
Hou. Sce., Mrs. W. COC"BURN, 68, Linthorpe Road, Stamford Hill, N.
On Sunday evening, May gth, a Conference will be held on the Ethical Position of Vivisec. tion. Chair will be taken at 70·clock. Speakers on both sides will address the meeting.
SUNDAY POPULAR CONCERTS . The two final Concerts of the E1e"cnth Season will be given on April 4th and IIth, for
which the following arrangements have be made:- April 4th.-lll'/ml/lw/ali,/,: Miss }osephine Troup. Messrs. Hans Wessely. Perey H.
Miles, and Charles Ould; Vocali'/s: Miss Gwcndoline Carter and Madame Annie Morley; A ccompall;sf: Miss J.(ate Augusta Davies. The programme will include Schubel't's Trio in E flat, Op. tOO, (or Piano and Strings; also, Max Bruch's Violin Concerto in G minor. Op. 26.
April lIth.-LAST CONCERT OF THE PRESENT SEASON. [11s/rI/IIIWfalis/s: Miss Margaret Wild, Mcs~rs'lolm Saunders, Archibald Evans, Thomas Batty, and J. Preuveneers; Vocalisf: 1\ rs. Helen Trust; AccoHlpa"isl: Miss Kate Augusta navies. The programme will incllldt· Bcpthovcn's Posthumous String Quartet ill E flat, Op. 127: also, Schu111ann's \,luintet in E flat, Op. 4-h for Piano and Strings,
Doors open at 6.40. Concerts at 7 p.m. Admission Free. Collection to defray expenses. HOII. T,~as.: T. FAIRHALL, 107. Bunhill Row, E.C.
I ALFRIW r. CLEMENTS, 25, Camelen Road, N.W. 11011, Secs. W. F. 1\[ORRESSY, 8, Lcighton Crescent, Kentish To",n, N.W.
SOOTH PLACE DISCUSSION SOCIETY. A Lecture on I. The Elmira Exteriment" has been arranged in conjunction with the
Humanitarian League, to be delivered by Mr. PAC': lIot'l's at South Place, on Wednesday, April 7th. The chair will be taken at 7.30, and the subject will be open to discussion.
These meetings will be resumed in October next. 1/011, Src.: MAUD BLA"E, 3. Windsor Tereace, City Road, N.
DEBENTURE REDEMPTION FUND. Terminable Debentures.-The outstanding liability is now reduced to
£1,286,. Art and Book Sale.- ·Gifts at books, music. [lhotO~l·:lphs. e:c., are now being rc­
ceh-cd for the Art and Book Sale whkh is fixed to take place on TUl'sday and \Vcdnt:sday. May 25th al.d '26th, 1897. Spt,'cial attention is clirccwd to tile Box~s which hil\'C oren fi:t::ed in the entrance lobbies of the Chapel to facilitate the collection of books for the ~!ay salc,
H.m. Src.: \VAI .. LIS :\IA:"\sf"ol{O, 53. Aldcrsgate Street, City,
PUBLICATIONS.
The followiJlg amoJlgst olher /,ubhCllliolls lire 011 sale ill the Librcl1Y: Fourtc.;cn .. Waverley Musical Illustrations tt, by ELJ7.A FLOW En ; Price ,55.; Nos. 2,3.5
8.9. and I r, separate, IS. tach. "Pnine's Writings ", Vo1. 1\" edited by Dr. CON WAY i gs 5<1. Paine's "Age of Reason '\ edited by Dr. CONWA\'; 2S. Bd "The Sacred Anthology," by Dr. CO""A\'; 3S . .. Thoughts and Aspirations of the Ages," compiled by Dr. W. C. COUI'!.ANIJ; 75. ttd. " Workers on their Industries"; IS. I Id .
.. Religious Systems of the World"; 75. ttd. U National Life and Thought It; 2s.6d.
SOUTH PLACE MAGAZINE. Tho Subst:ription to the :\laga/.inc for 12 mOllths, post fn~c. is 25. 6d., a.nd it can bl! paid
in the Library, or sent 10 EI~NJ-.ST A. CAR1~, /fOil. Sa . .'Iagw·hc COlllmittrc, South Place Instilute, ~oulh Pla.ce, Fin!->hury. E.C.
Sccrdaries of kindred Societies, booksellers, ann others willing to have copies of the Magazine on s.11c, can be supplil~cl on the usua1 trade terms by lhe publislu.:rs, A. and H. 13. 13o;o.;z.,;u(. 1 and 2 Took's Court, Chancery Lane, E.C.
LENDING LIBRARY. The Library is open to Subscribers and S"ason Ticket Holders. The !Ion. Librarians
attelld eVITY Sunday morning at 10.30. 1I0oks may also be obtained at the Monthly Soir(oes, cilhl'r for refercncc or homc n~ilding. Catalogues can be obtained in the Library, prict.~ 2d. MCl1Ibers and others havinH hooks they arc willing to lend are requcsted la kindly cam ntllnicatc the TiLlc~ lo onc of the Hon. Libradans, who will be glad to make them known to users of the Libr~uy.
] R. CARTl-.R. 67. Cromwcll ;\vcnue, Hi~h~ate, N. Mrs. J. SK>'LLOR", Thorn\cigh, Cavendish Road, lIarringay, N.
HONORARY OFFICERS. Trt.Bllft·y: \V. CROWDhH., 2iJ. E\'l:ring Road, Upper Claptoll .. ~ .E. S<'Crd.1ry: !\.!rs. C. FL>: rC"';1< S"tTH, 38, Manor Read, St.>mford Hill, N.
Srcrt/arits "I SUb-COIllIllIt/CCS. IlI·.HUERT MASSt"OIlD, 53, Aldcrsgate Street, E .C. BuildIng
Concert I \t.l· REn J. CI.I·::o-.H NTS, .25, Camdcn Road .. r\.~V. \V. F. ~Jolun.ss'r·, 8, LClt-;:hton Crescent, J'~lltlsh Town, N.\V.
Debenture Redempt:on WALI.tS MAN"FOr.Il, 53, Aldersgate Street, E.C. Decoration... Mi:;s Ht:NT, q, Thisllcwaitc Road, ClaptoJl, N.E. Discussion... l\lr~. :"'hvo ilL.ua., 3. Windsor Terrace. City Hoad, N. Finance C. R. BRACE, 42, ;'>!anol' Road, Stamford Hill, N. Girl's Club Mi.s E. PIIII'SON, 5, Park Place, Upper Baker Stre ·t, N. W. House f\.li5s JOH~SON, 162, Amhurst Road, Hackney, N.E. Institute j W. SIIEOWRtNG, 35, Osbaldeston Road, Stoke Newington, N.
1 J. HALLAM. 18, St. Mark's Crescent, Regent's Parl<. Library Magazine
Members
Lecture ... Sunday School
F. FORO HAM Ff~BCHhT, 18, Emperor's Ga.te, S.\V. ERNEST A. CARR, 9t, Thurleston Road, \Vcst NOfwood, S.E.
I Mrs. T. DlxuN, 6<), Tollin~ton Park, N. PAUL H. ! lOaD, 10, FieldIng Road, Bedford Park, W. E. M. REYSS, 27, Grcshnm Road, Brixton. WALt.t<; MANsrol'D, 53, Aldersgate Street, E.C. Mrs. W. ConouRN, 68, Linthorpe Road, Stamford Hill, N.
I W. RAWLtNCS, 406, Marc Street, Hackney, N.E.
Mrs, C. R BRACB, 42, Manor Road, Stamford Hill, N.
Dislnct Sure/m·jfs (Members' Committee). E.C. N.E. N. N.W. S.W.
Mrs. T. FAtRHALL, 107, Bunhill Row. Miss TOHNSON, 162, Amhurst Road. Mrs. W j. RcYNOLDS, 61\f'airholt Road, Stoke Newington. Mrs. P. TAIT, 20, LaInbo le Road, S. Hampstead, N.W. Mrs. !'>. G. FENTON, 30, Thurldgh Road, Wandsworth Common. Mrs. PcRCV HtCKSON, 32, Fopstone Road, Earl's Court.
S.E. H. G. MORRIS, 42, George Lanc, Lewisham. L·b . \ J. R. CAIlTIHl, 67, Cromwell Avenue, Highgalc, N.
1 ranans ... ... I },!rs. J. SKt;LLORN, Thomleigh, Cavendish Road, Harringay, N.
Organist H. S~ItTII WEDSTER, 132, Camden Street, N.W. The Building is to be let for Meetings, etc. Forms of application may be had