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SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR COLD WAR Indonesia Indonesia Malaya/Malaysia Malaya/Malaysia Thailand Thailand Philippines Philippines Indochina – Vietnam, Cambodia, Indochina – Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos Laos

SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

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SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR. Indonesia Malaya/Malaysia Thailand Philippines Indochina – Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos. INDONESIA. GEOGRAPHY. 13,000 islands 230 million people – 4 th highest in world. Main population center is Java Resources: oil (Sumatra), rain forest timber, spices - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WARCOLD WAR

IndonesiaIndonesia

Malaya/MalaysiaMalaya/Malaysia

ThailandThailand

PhilippinesPhilippines

Indochina – Vietnam, Cambodia, LaosIndochina – Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos

Page 2: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

INDONESIAINDONESIA

Page 3: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY

13,000 islands13,000 islands 230 million people – 4230 million people – 4thth

highest in world.highest in world. Main population center is Main population center is

JavaJava Resources: oil Resources: oil

(Sumatra), rain forest (Sumatra), rain forest timber, spicestimber, spices

Low-cost manufacturing Low-cost manufacturing on Javaon Java

Capital: Jakarta, popul. Capital: Jakarta, popul. 7.5 million7.5 million

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MAIN ISLAND: JAVAMAIN ISLAND: JAVA

http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2008/12/28/travel/1228-JAVA_index.html?emc=eta3

Page 5: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

BorobudurBorobudur

World’s largestWorld’s largest

Buddhist temple –Buddhist temple –

In a Muslim country.In a Muslim country.

Page 6: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

Indigenous peoplesIndigenous peoples

Thousands of ethnic Thousands of ethnic groups on different groups on different islands.islands.

Dayak child of Dayak child of Borneo. Borneo.

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ColonizationColonization

Dutch oust Dutch oust PortuguesePortuguese

Founded Batavia, Founded Batavia, now Jakartanow Jakarta

Exploited people and Exploited people and countrycountry

Rapid population Rapid population growthgrowth

Page 8: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

JAPANESE OCCUPATION – JAPANESE OCCUPATION – WORLD WAR IIWORLD WAR II

Japanese occupy Japanese occupy Dutch East Indies to Dutch East Indies to secure the oil supply secure the oil supply on Sumatraon Sumatra

Occupy it using Occupy it using Korean troopsKorean troops

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SUKARNOSUKARNO

Led independenceLed independence

drive against Dutchdrive against Dutch

Leader of Neutral blocLeader of Neutral bloc

in Cold Warin Cold War

““Guided Democracy” Guided Democracy”

after 1959after 1959

Leaned towards Leaned towards

CommunistsCommunists

Page 10: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

1960s1960s

By the early 1960s, Indonesia’s By the early 1960s, Indonesia’s Communist party is the largest in Asia Communist party is the largest in Asia outside of Chinaoutside of China

U.S. concerned about Communist U.S. concerned about Communist takeover – the biggest ‘domino’ in region.takeover – the biggest ‘domino’ in region.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tn0wW4-ciMA

Page 11: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

NIGHT OF THE GENERALSNIGHT OF THE GENERALS

1965 - Five prominent generals 1965 - Five prominent generals assassinatedassassinated

Communist party blamedCommunist party blamed Sukarno removed by officers; replaced Sukarno removed by officers; replaced

by General Suhartoby General Suharto Half-million Communists purged and Half-million Communists purged and

most executed.most executed.

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SUHARTOSUHARTO

Suharto is pro-WesternSuharto is pro-Western Also very corrupt; family Also very corrupt; family

runs almost everythingruns almost everything Invades Portuguese East Invades Portuguese East

Timor in 1975, hundreds Timor in 1975, hundreds of thousands killed thereof thousands killed there

Economy grows rapidly, Economy grows rapidly, but so does populationbut so does population

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=941b2tPqyuU

Page 13: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR
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Suharto falls in 1998; today Suharto falls in 1998; today Indonesia’s democracy is Indonesia’s democracy is growinggrowing

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THAILAND THAILAND

Never colonized by a European powerNever colonized by a European power Reverence for king and royal familyReverence for king and royal family Real power can fluctuate – military Real power can fluctuate – military

coups, etc.coups, etc. King Mongkut – 19King Mongkut – 19thth century modernizer century modernizer

similar to Meiji in Japansimilar to Meiji in Japan Neutral in World War II, leaned toward Neutral in World War II, leaned toward

JapaneseJapanese

Page 16: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

THAI KINGSTHAI KINGS

Page 17: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

THAILAND IN THE THAILAND IN THE COLD WARCOLD WAR

Communist insurrection in 1960sCommunist insurrection in 1960s Rebels were unable to gain much support; Rebels were unable to gain much support;

people trusted the government. Govt. provided people trusted the government. Govt. provided services and security.services and security.

Insurrection fizzled out in 1979 when Insurrection fizzled out in 1979 when government offered an amnesty to rebelsgovernment offered an amnesty to rebels

Thailand a strong ally of U.S. – naval presence Thailand a strong ally of U.S. – naval presence therethere

Refugee camps for displaced persons from Refugee camps for displaced persons from other Southeast Asian countries.other Southeast Asian countries.

Page 18: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

MALAYA / MALAYSIAMALAYA / MALAYSIA

British colony till 1965British colony till 1965 A confederation of formerly independent A confederation of formerly independent

small states ruled by Muslim sultanssmall states ruled by Muslim sultans After Japanese conquest in WWII, the After Japanese conquest in WWII, the

small communist party became well-small communist party became well-organized as a resistance force.organized as a resistance force.

Led a rebellion, mainly among Chinese Led a rebellion, mainly among Chinese MalayansMalayans

Page 19: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

MALAY EMERGENCY- A MALAY EMERGENCY- A successful counter-successful counter-insurgencyinsurgency

British, with help of Malay C.C. British, with help of Malay C.C. Too, develop psychological Too, develop psychological warfare techniqueswarfare techniques

Set out to win “hearts and minds” Set out to win “hearts and minds” of villagersof villagers

Many Chinese Malayans rounded Many Chinese Malayans rounded up and put into fortified up and put into fortified camps/villages.camps/villages.

Some are still thereSome are still there Rebellion failsRebellion fails Malaysia – Malay peninsula plus Malaysia – Malay peninsula plus

British colonies in Borneo, British colonies in Borneo, become independent in 1965. become independent in 1965. Singapore decides to be Singapore decides to be independent.independent.

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TODAY: MALAYSIATODAY: MALAYSIA

Developing nationDeveloping nation

Oil wealth in BorneoOil wealth in Borneo

Petronas Towers – Petronas Towers – world’s tallest world’s tallest buildingbuilding

Dr. Mahathir Dr. Mahathir MohammedMohammed

Page 21: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES

Peopled over 20,000 Peopled over 20,000 years ago years ago

Modern people of many Modern people of many ethnic groups speak ethnic groups speak Malay languagesMalay languages

Conquered by the Conquered by the Spanish; most are Spanish; most are CatholicCatholic

A few million in south are A few million in south are MuslimMuslim

Page 22: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

U.S. in PhilippinesU.S. in Philippines

U.S. conquered U.S. conquered Manila in Spanish-Manila in Spanish-American WarAmerican War

Pres. McKinley Pres. McKinley decided to keep decided to keep islands as a colony islands as a colony “to civilize and “to civilize and Christianize them” Christianize them” (although they were (although they were already Christians)already Christians)

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HUK REBELLIONHUK REBELLION

Japanese conquer and Japanese conquer and occupy Philippines in occupy Philippines in early World War II, US early World War II, US under Gen. Douglas under Gen. Douglas MacArthur (“I Shall MacArthur (“I Shall Return”) reconquers.Return”) reconquers.

US grants independence in US grants independence in 19471947

After war, Communists After war, Communists seek to take advantage seek to take advantage of rebellion in its of rebellion in its southern islands - failssouthern islands - fails

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FERDINAND MARCOSFERDINAND MARCOS

Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Marcos elected Pres. In 1966elected Pres. In 1966

Declares state of Declares state of emergency, continues emergency, continues to rule under martial to rule under martial law for 20 years, law for 20 years, backed by US. backed by US. because he was a because he was a staunch anti-staunch anti-CommunistCommunist

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PEOPLE POWER - 1986PEOPLE POWER - 1986

Opposition leader Opposition leader Benigno Aquino murdered Benigno Aquino murdered trying to return in 1983.trying to return in 1983.

In 1986, anti-Marcos In 1986, anti-Marcos demonstrations grow to demonstrations grow to enormous size, backed by enormous size, backed by army, Catholic Church army, Catholic Church and the middle class.and the middle class.

Marcos, ill, flees to US.Marcos, ill, flees to US. Aquino’s widow, Corazon, Aquino’s widow, Corazon,

becomes Pres.-becomes Pres.-democracy restored.democracy restored.

Page 26: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR

Imelda Marcos’ shoe Imelda Marcos’ shoe closetcloset