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© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Vocabulary Course
Contents
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Our example phrases .......................................................................................................................... 4
Using Anki ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Module 2: Cognates ............................................................................................................................ 6
2.2: tion ........................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3: ate ............................................................................................................................................ 6
2.4: ity ............................................................................................................................................. 6
2.5: al ............................................................................................................................................... 7
2.6: ary ............................................................................................................................................ 7
2.7: ble ............................................................................................................................................ 7
2.8: ify.............................................................................................................................................. 8
2.9: ic .............................................................................................................................................. 8
2.10: ly ............................................................................................................................................. 8
2.11: or/our ..................................................................................................................................... 8
2.12: y .............................................................................................................................................. 9
2.13: ous .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Module 3: Vocabulary Concept #1 ................................................................................................... 10
Module 4: Power Verbs .................................................................................................................... 10
Tener ............................................................................................................................................. 10
Hacer ............................................................................................................................................. 13
Dar ................................................................................................................................................. 15
Llegar ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Llevar ............................................................................................................................................. 18
Dejar .............................................................................................................................................. 20
Salir................................................................................................................................................ 21
Poner ............................................................................................................................................. 22
Module 5: Common Spanish Roots ................................................................................................... 23
5.1 Abrir: ....................................................................................................................................... 23
5.2 Acción ...................................................................................................................................... 23
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
5.3 Agua ........................................................................................................................................ 23
5.4 Ánimo ...................................................................................................................................... 24
5.5 Beso ......................................................................................................................................... 24
5.6 Boca ......................................................................................................................................... 25
5.7 Tener ....................................................................................................................................... 25
5.8 Hacer ....................................................................................................................................... 25
5.9 Saber ....................................................................................................................................... 26
5.10 Romper .................................................................................................................................. 26
5.11 Poner ..................................................................................................................................... 26
5.12 Pasar ...................................................................................................................................... 27
5.12 Mal ........................................................................................................................................ 27
Module 7: Suffixes ............................................................................................................................ 28
7.2 –able/-ible ............................................................................................................................... 28
7.3 –ado ........................................................................................................................................ 29
7.4 –aje .......................................................................................................................................... 29
7.5 –ante/-ente ............................................................................................................................. 29
7.6 –dor/-dora ............................................................................................................................... 30
7.7 -era .......................................................................................................................................... 31
7.8 –ería ........................................................................................................................................ 31
7.9 –ita/o ....................................................................................................................................... 31
7.10 –ico ........................................................................................................................................ 32
7.11 –idad...................................................................................................................................... 32
7.12 –ificar .................................................................................................................................... 33
7.13 –ísimo .................................................................................................................................... 33
Appendix: Tests ................................................................................................................................. 35
Test 1 ............................................................................................................................................. 35
Test 2 ............................................................................................................................................. 35
Test 3 ............................................................................................................................................. 36
Test 4 ............................................................................................................................................. 36
Test 5 ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Test 6 ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Test 7 ............................................................................................................................................. 38
Test 8 ............................................................................................................................................. 38
Test 9 ............................................................................................................................................. 39
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Test 10 ........................................................................................................................................... 40
Test 11 ........................................................................................................................................... 40
Test 12 ........................................................................................................................................... 41
Test 13 ........................................................................................................................................... 41
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Introduction
Welcome to the Spanish Obsessed Vocabulary Course! This handbook is designed to be used in
conjunction with the audio course, and provides supporting transcripts, vocabulary, and further
details. Use it while you listen along with the course to help clarify any concepts you might have
trouble with.
Our example phrases
We often provide example phrases for our chosen verbs. This can often be dangerous in language
learning, as inventing phrases is not a great example of natural language - which is what we strive for
throughout the course. This is why we made use of “corpora” in sourcing our phrases. A “corpus” is a
huge database of recorded natural language, using both texts and transcriptions. You can search
through corpora to find example words, and see what the most common phrases and uses are. The
corpus we used was http://www.corpusdelespanol.org/. That’s why we are so confident in what we
suggest as most common uses of certain words – we’ve got the data to back it up!
We recommend having a play with the corpus if you have time, and seeing what common
collocations (something we’ll explore in the course) you can find.
Using Anki
We’ve provided all of the vocabulary we present in this course as Anki downloads. Anki is a “spaced
repetition software”, and is what we recommend for vocabulary study. It’s completely free, and a
breeze to set up. Even better, you can install it on your mobile and sync to your desktop version, so
that you can practise Spanish whenever, wherever.
Setting up Anki
1. Go to http://ankisrs.net/
2. Click “download”, and follow the instructions.
Using our flashcards with Anki
Our flashcards are available per module, and are saved as “.akpg” files. The following steps show you
how to import these into Anki:
1. Select “file”> “import”
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
2. Navigate to the relevant module, making sure that you select the “.akpg” file.
For more tips on using Anki, see the below:
http://spanishobsessed.com/blog/some-more-memory-tricks/
As we mention, other software is available. Although we haven’t used these, here are other SRS
systems you could try:
http://fullrecall.com/
http://www.supermemo.com/
http://sourceforge.net/projects/jmemorize/
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Module 2: Cognates
Cognates are those words where Spanish and English overlap. These are the words which are very
similar in both English and Spanish, and require minimal changes to translate. These are incredibly
useful for expanding your vocabulary quickly, as by following some guidelines we can convert a large
portion of our English vocabulary into Spanish.
In this section, we review some of the most useful cognates, and also look at a couple of “false
cognates” – where the translation is not quite as simple as it at first seems!
2.2: tion
English nouns which end with “tion” are often equivalent to Spanish nouns ending with “ción”
(bolded letters are accentuated when pronounced):
Celebración Celebration
Aplicación Application
Collección Collection
Condición Condition
Fracción Fraction
Acción Action
Satisfacción Satisfaction
2.3: ate
English verbs which end with “ate” can often be translated to Spanish by changing the “ate” to “ar”:
Liquidar To liquidate
Acelerar To accelerate
Coordinar To co-ordinate
Considerar To consider
Crear To create
Fascinar To fascinate
Asociar To associate
Terminar To terminate/finish
2.4: ity
English nouns ending with “ity” can often be translated to Spanish by changing “ity” to “idad”:
Habilidad Ability
Prioridad Priority
Seguridad Security
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Realidad Reality
Electricidad Electricity
Identidad Identity
Capacidad Capacity
2.5: al
English adjectives ending with “al” can be translated into Spanish, with no changes needed other
than a change in pronunciation. The stressed syllable is always the last one in Spanish:
Natural Natural
Moral Moral
Original Original
Normal Normal
Radical Radical
Gradual Gradual
Real Real
Legal Legal
2.6: ary
Many Spanish words ending with “ary” can be translated into English by changing “ary” to “ario”.
The stress falls on the “a” syllable:
Salario Salary
Diario Diary
Necesario Neccesary
Imaginario Imaginary
Santuario Sanctuary
Complementario Complementary
Secretario/ Secretaría Secretary
Ordinario Ordinary
Comentario Commentary
2.7: ble
Words ending in “ble” do not generally need to change. However, the stressed syllable changes,
always falling on the penultimate syllable in Spanish:
Posible Possible
Adorable Adorable
Terrible Terrible
Visible Visible
Adaptable Adaptable
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
2.8: ify
English verbs ending with “ify” can be translated to Spanish by changing “ify” to “ificar”, forming –AR
verbs in the infinitive:
Amplificar Amplify
Simplificar Simplify
Identificar Identify
Cuantificar Quantify
2.9: ic
Adjectives ending with “ic” in English can be converted to Spanish by adding an “o”:
Fantástico Fantastic
Orgánico Organic
Romántico Romantic
Básico Basic
Magnético Magnetic
Académico Academic
2.10: ly
Some adverbs ending in “ly” in English can be translated to Spanish by changing “ly” to “mente”
Normalmente Normally
Correctamente Correctly
Finalmente Finally
Inmediatamente Immediately
Secretamente Secretely
2.11: or/our
Words ending with “or” (typically with American English spelling) are often exact cognates. The final
syllable is stressed:
Humor Humour
Actor Actor
Factor Factor
Error Error
Interior Interior
Exterior Exterior
Autor Author
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
2.12: y
English nouns which end with “y”, and are usually topics/subjects, can be translated to Spanish by
changing the “y” to “ía”. The “í” is accentuated (except for “historia”):
Historia History
Biología Biology
Geografía Geography
Fotografía Photgraphy
Astronomía Astronomy
Homeopatía Homeopathy
2.13: ous
English adjectives ending with “ous” can often be translated to Spanish by changing the “ous”
ending to “oso”:
Famoso Famous
Glorioso Glorious
Fabuloso Fabulous
Maravilloso Marvellous
* Note that “serious” does not follow this rule. The translation of “serious” is “serio”.
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Module 3: Vocabulary Concept #1
In the first vocabulary concept, we talk about how to approach memorising vocabulary in the first
place. What are some of the best memorisation techniques, and how can we ensure that what we
learn sticks in our brain?
Vocabulary presented:
Spanish English
Visible Visible
Un gancho Hook
El mundo World
En la punta de la lengua On the tip of the tongue
Una cisma Split
Un partido Group/ Team
Porfiar To strive/endeavour
Un hito Milestone
La llegada The arrive
Gozar To enjoy
The article was:
http://www.elmundo.es/espana/2014/01/05/52c83359ca47410b798b4570.html
Module 4: Power Verbs
“Power verbs” are verbs which are frequent, highly useful, but which also have various uses and
meanings. Using these correctly is highly important to developing a more natural Spanish. You’ll
soon discover that there’s a lot more to learning a word than just learning one translation! A verb
such as “tener” is used for all sorts of different meanings, and many of these are quite different to
our English uses. That’s why it’s so important to focus on them.
In this section, we look at our top “power verbs”, and explore their highly important uses.
Tener
Conjugations:
Present simple Preterite tense Future
Yo Tengo Tuve Tendré
Tú Tienes Tuviste Tendrás
Él/ella/usted Tiene Tuvo Tendrá
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Nosotros/as Tenemos Tuvimos Tendremos
Vosotros/as Tenéis Tuvisteis Tendréis
Ustedes/ellas/ellos Tienen Tuvieron Tendrán
Uses:
Tener Ganas
Track Spanish English
4.2.2 Tener To have
4.2.2 Tener ganas To feel like
4.2.2 Tengo ganas de I feel like
4.2.2 De qué tienes ganas? What do you fancy?
4.2.2 Tengo ganas de ir a dormir I feel like going to sleep
4.2.2 Tengo ganas de un buen vino I feel like a good wine
Tener Lugar
Track Spanish English
4.2.3 Tener lugar to take place
4.2.3 El concierto tendrá lugar en Londres el 20 de febrero
The concert will take place in London on the 20th February
Tener Pinta
Track Spanish English
4.2.4 Tener pinta To look like
4.2.4 Tiene pinta de ser bueno It looks good
4.2.4 Tiene pinta de ser malo It looks bad
4.2.4 Él tiene pinta de ser buena gente He looks like a good guy
4.2.4 Él tiene pinta de hippy He looks like a hippy
4.2.4 Tiene pinta de estar muy rico It looks good (with food)
4.2.4 Tiene buena pinta It looks good
4.2.4 Tiene mala pinta It looks bad
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Tener que ver con
Track Spanish English
4.2.5 Tener que ver con To have to do with
4.2.5 ¿Qué tiene que ver el arte con la realidad? What does art have to do with reality?
4.2.5 ¿Qué tiene que ver el amor con esto? What does love have to do with this?
4.2.5 No tiene nada que ver It has nothing to do with
4.2.5 No tiene nada que ver conmigo It has nothing to do with me
4.2.5 Tiene algo que ver conmigo It has something to do with me
4.2.5 Nada Nothing
4.2.5 Algo Something
Tener que
Track Spanish English
4.2.6 Tengo que terminar, no tengo tiempo I have to finish, I don't have time
4.2.6 Tener que To have to
4.2.6 Tengo que I have to
4.2.6 Tengo que hacerlo I have to do it
4.2.6 Tengo que irme I have to go
4.2.6 Irse To leave
4.2.6 Tengo que estudiar I have to study
4.2.6 Estudiar To study
Tener Prisa
Track Spanish English
4.2.7 Tener prisa To be in a hurry
4.2.7 Prisa A hurry
4.2.7 Tengo prisa I'm in a hurry
4.2.7 Tengo que terminar porque tengo prisa I have to finish because I'm in a hurry
4.2.7 ¿Tienes prisa? Are you in a hurry?
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Hacer
Conjugations:
Present simple Preterite tense Future
Yo Hago Hice Haré
Tú Haces Hiciste Harás
Él/ella/usted Hace Hizo Hará
Nosotros/as Hacemos Hicimos Haremos
Vosotros/as Hacéis Hicisteis Haréis
Ustedes/ellas/ellos Hacen Hicieron Harán
Uses:
Hacer caso
Track Spanish English
4.3.1 Hacer To do/make
4.3.2 Hacer caso To pay attention
4.3.2 Caso Fact/case
4.3.2 Él no me hace caso He doesn't pay attention to me
4.3.2 Ignorar To ignore
4.3.2 Los niños no hacen caso a su profesora The children don't pay attention to their teacher
4.3.2 Hago caso I pay attention
4.3.2 No hice caso al consejo de mi mamá I didn't pay attention to my mum's advice
4.3.2 Consejo advice
Hacer Falta
“Faltar” means to lack, or when something is missing. “Hacer falta” therefore translates as “to
need”, with the implication of something missing or lacking. It’s known as a “reverse construction”
verb (as with “gustar”, for example), where the thing that is needed is the object, and the person
that needs it is the subject.
We conjugate verbs to match the subject. So, in a phrase like “a Rob le hacen falta unas naranjas”
(Rob needs some oranges), the construction “hacer falta” is conjugated for “naranjas” – using the 3rd
person plural –en ending. We only conjugate “hacer” – the word “falta” doesn’t change when using
“hacer falta”.
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
For more information on reverse construction verbs, see the following article:
http://spanishobsessed.com/spanish-grammar/like-in-spanish/
Track Spanish English
4.3.3 Hacer falta To be missing/ to need
4.3.3 Me hace falta I need/I'm missing
4.3.3 Me hace falta el almuerzo I need my lunch
4.3.3 A Liz le hace falta el almuerzo Liz needs her lunch
4.3.3 Me hace falta el dinero I need money
4.3.3 Nos hace falta el dinero We need money
4.3.3 ¿Hago falta? Am I needed?
4.3.3 Yo no hago falta I'm not needed
4.3.3 Me hace falta mi carro/coche I need my car
4.3.3 Les hace falta más dinero They need more money
4.3.3 No haces falta You're not needed
Hacer Gracia
Track Spanish English
4.3.4 Hacer gracia To be funny
4.3.4 Gracia Joke/funniness
4.3.4 Me hace gracia I find it funny
4.3.4 Le hace gracia He finds it funny
4.3.4 No me hace gracia I don't find it funny
Hacer + Time
4.3.5 Hace 5 años 5 years ago
4.3.5 Hace 2 años 2 years ago
4.3.5 Hace 3 días 3 days ago
4.3.5 Hace una hora 1 hour ago
4.3.5 Hace mucho tiempo A long time ago
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Dar
Conjugations:
Present simple Preterite tense Future
Yo Doy Dí Daré
Tú Das Diste Darás
Él/ella/usted Da Dio Dará
Nosotros/as Damos Dimos Daremos
Vosotros/as Dais Disteis Daréis
Ustedes/ellas/ellos Dan Dieron Darán
Uses:
Dar Calor/Frio
Track Spanish English
4.4.1 Dar To give
4.4.2 Dar calor To make hot
4.4.2 Dar frío To make cold
4.4.2 Me da calor It makes me hot
4.4.2 Me da frío It makes me cold
4.4.2 Puedes cerrar la ventana, me da frío Can you close the window, it's making me cold
4.4.2 Este sol me da calor This sun is making/makes me hot
Dar Risa (emotions)
Track Spanish English
4.4.3 Dar risa To make (someone) laugh
4.4.3 Dar asco To disgust
4.4.3 Dar emoción To excite
4.4.3 Asco Disgust
4.4.3 Me da asco It disgusts me
4.4.3 Tú me das asco I find you disgusting/you disgust me
4.4.3 Te doy asco I disgust you
4.4.3 Risa Laughter
4.4.3 Me da risa It makes me laugh
4.4.3 Me das risa You make me laugh
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Dar Igual
Track Spanish English
4.4.4 Dar igual To not mind (lit: To give equal)
4.4.4 Me da igual I don't mind, I don't care, it's the same to me
4.4.4 A él le da igual He doesn't mind
Dar Pena
Track Spanish English
4.4.5 Dar pena Spain: To feel pity/sad Colombia/South America: To feel embarrassed
4.4.5 Pena Spain: Pity Colombia/South America: Embarrassment
4.4.5 Me da pena Spain: It makes me feel pity Colombia/South America: It’s embarrassing
4.4.5 Me da mucha pena Spain: It makes me feel a lot of pity Colombia/South America: It’s really embarrassing
4.4.5 ¿Te doy pena? Am I embarassing you?
Darse Cuenta
Track Spanish English
4.4.6 Darse cuenta de To realise
4.4.6 Una cuenta a bill; a count
4.4.6 Me doy cuenta I realise
4.4.6 Él se da cuenta He realises
4.4.6 Me doy cuenta de que me hace falta el almuerzo I realise that I haven't had my lunch
4.4.6 No me dí cuenta de la hora y llegué tarde I didn't realise the time and arrived late
4.4.6 La hora The hour/the time
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Llegar
Conjugations:
Present simple Preterite tense Future
Yo Llego Llegué Llegaré
Tú Llegas Llegaste Llegarás
El/ella/usted Llega Llegó Llegará
Nosotros/as Llegamos Llegamos Llegaremos
Vosotros/as Llegáis Llegasteis Llegaréis
Ustedes/ellas/ellos Llegan Llegaron Llegarán
Uses:
Llegar a ser
Track Spanish English
4.5.1 Llegar To arrive
4.5.2 Llegar a ser To become
4.5.2 Llegó a ser un actor famoso He became a famous actor
4.5.2 Llegó a ser muy popular He became very popular
Llegar a tiempo
Track Spanish English
4.5.3 Llegar a tiempo To arrive on time
4.5.3 Llegar temprano To arrive early
4.5.3 Llegar tarde To arrive late
4.5.3 Hace una hora One hour ago
4.5.3 Llegó hace una hora He/she arrived one hour ago
4.5.3 Rob siempre llega a tiempo, nunca llega tarde
Rob always arrives on time, he never arrives late
4.5.3 Liz siempre llega tarde, nunca llega a tiempo
Liz always arrives late, she never arrives on time
4.5.3 Llego diez minutos tarde I arrive ten minutes late
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Llevar
Conjugations:
Present simple Preterite tense Future
Yo Llevo Llevé Llevaré
Tú Llevas Llevaste Llevarás
El/ella/usted Lleva Llevó Llevará
Nosotros/as Llevamos Llevamos Llevaremos
Vosotros/as Lleváis Llevasteis Llevaréis
Ustedes/ellas/ellos Llevan Llevaron Llevaran
Uses:
Llevar + Time
Track Spanish English
4.6.1 Llevar To carry/take
4.6.1 Llevó mi móvil I carry my phone
4.6.2 Llevó un año en Londres I've been in London 1 year
4.6.2 Llevó mucho tiempo aquí I've been here a long time
4.6.2 No llevo mucho tiempo aquí, acabo de llegar I haven't been here long, I've just arrived
4.6.2 Acabar de To have just
4.6.2 ¿Cuánto tiempo llevas en Londres? How long have you been in London?
4.6.2 Llevo mucho tiempo esperándote I've been waiting for you for ages
4.6.2 Llevo años esperando I've been waiting years
4.6.2 Cuánto tiempo llevas con tu novia? How long have you been with your girlfriend?
Llevar a Cabo
Track Spanish English
4.6.3 Llevar a cabo To carry through with/accomplish
4.6.3 Un cabo An ending
4.6.3 Quiero llevar a cabo mis sueños I want to carry out my dreams
4.6.3 Voy a llevar a cabo mi plan de negocios I’m going to carry out my business plan
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Llevar as a comparison
Track Spanish English
4.6.4 Te llevó dos años I'm two years older than you
4.6.4 Te llevó cinco años de experiencia I have five years more experience than you
4.6.4 Te llevó diez puntos (más) I've got ten points more than you
4.6.4 Tú me llevas dos años You are two years older than me
4.6.4 Te llevamos cinco kilómetros adelante We are five km further ahead than you
4.6.4 Al Manchester City le lleva cuatro goles a Barcelona Manchester City are 4 goals ahead of Barcelona
Llevarse con alguién
Track Spanish English
4.6.5 Llevarse con alguién To get on with someone
4.6.5 Me llevo muy bien con Liz I get on very well with Liz
4.6.5 ¿Cómo te llevas con tu hermano? How do you get on with your brother?
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Dejar
Conjugations:
Present simple Preterite tense Future
Yo Dejó Dejé Dejaré
Tú Dejas Dejaste Dejarás
Él/ella/usted Deja Dejó Dejará
Nosotros/as Dejamos Dejamos Dejaremos
Vosotros/as Dejáis Dejasteis Dejaréis
Ustedes/ellas/ellos Dejan Dejaron Dejarán
Uses:
Dejar de
Track Spanish English
4.7.1 Dejar To leave/let/permit
4.7.1 No me dejas terminar You don't let me finish
4.7.1 ¿Por qué me dejaste? Why did you leave me?
4.7.2 Dejar de To stop/give up
4.7.2 Dejar de hacer To stop doing
4.7.2 Dejé de fumar I stopped smoking
4.7.2 Dejé de beber I stopped drinking
4.7.2 Dejé de quejarme I stopped complaining
4.7.2 Quejarse To complain
Dejar de ser
Track Spanish English
4.7.3 Dejar de ser To stop being
4.7.3 Hace un año, dejó de ser un actor famoso A year ago, he stopped being a famous actor
4.7.3 Hace cinco años, dejé de ser un estudiante Five years ago I stopped being a student
4.7.3 Un estudiante A student
4.7.3 Hace dos años, dejé de ser una trabajadora de oficina
Two years ago I stopped being an office worker
4.7.4 Dejé de ser celosa I stopped being jealous
4.7.4 Dejé de ser popular I stopped being popular
4.7.4 Dejé de ser perezosa I stopped being lazy
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Salir
Conjugations:
Present simple Preterite tense Future
Yo Salgo Salí Saldré
Tú Sales Saliste Saldrás
El/ella/usted Sale Salió Saldrá
Nosotros/as Salimos Salimos Saldremos
Vosotros/as Salís Salisteis Saldréis
Ustedes/ellas/ellos Salen Salieron Saldrán
Uses:
Track Spanish English
4.8.1 Salir To leave (exit)
4.8.2 Salgo a las seis I leave at six
4.8.2 ¿Cuándo sale la película? When does the film come out?
4.8.2 Una película A film
4.8.2 Todo salió bien Everything turned out ok
4.8.2 Labios Lips
4.8.2 No sale nada de mis labios Nothing comes out of my lips (I'm not saying anything)
4.8.2 No salió con nada He/she didn’t leave with anything
4.8.2 Salirse con la suya To get one's own way
4.8.2 Liz se salió con la suya Liz got her own way
4.8.2 Te saliste con la tuya You got your own way
4.8.2 Salir con alguién To go out with someone
4.8.2 Rob y Liz están saliendo Rob and Liz are going out
4.8.2 Ellos están saliendo They are going out
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Poner
Conjugations:
Present simple Preterite tense Future
Yo Pongo Puse Pondré
Tú Pones Pusiste Pondrás
Él/ella/usted Pone Puso Pondrá
Nosotros/as Ponemos Pusimos Pondremos
Vosotros/as Ponéis Pusisteis Pondréis
Ustedes/ellas/ellos Ponen Pusieron Pondrán
Uses:
Track Spanish English
4.9.1 Poner To put
4.9.2 Poner en/de pie To stand up
4.9.2 Se puso de pie He/she stood up
4.9.2 Poner en las manos de To put in the hands of
4.9.2 Vamos a poner esto en las manos de Dios We're going to put this in the hands of God
4.9.2 Te voy a poner en las manos de Dios I'm going to put you in the hands of God
4.9.2 No te pongas bravo Don't get mad
4.9.2 Esa película me puso muy triste That film made me very sad
4.9.2 Los niños se pusieron muy felices con los regalos de Navidad
The children were very happy with the Christmas presents
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Module 5: Common Spanish Roots
This is where we try to get under the skin of Spanish vocabulary, and take a long look at how many
common words are formed, and where they come from. Imagine vocabulary as a tree, with a head
word as the trunk. From the trunk many words are formed as branches, which are all related to the
original headword. By learning the headword and some commonalities in the branches, we can start
to build out our vocabulary and understand the “roots” of Spanish vocabulary.
5.1 Abrir:
5.2 Acción
Spanish English
Voy a accionar la alarma I’m going to activate the alarm
El presidente coaccionó a la guerrilla The president co-erced the guerrilla
5.3 Agua
Abrir
Reabrir
To reopen
Abrecartas
Letter opener
Abrelatas
Can opener
Entreabrir
To open partially
Acción
Accionar
To activate/action
Coaccionar
To co-erce
Reacción
Reaction
Interacción
Interaction
Transacción
Transaction
Agua
Water
Aguar
To water down
Desaguar
To remove water/drain
Aguafiestas
Party pooper
Un paraguas
An umbrella
Aguanieve
Sleet
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Spanish English
Aguaron la cerveza They watered down the beer
Vamos a desaguar el río We’re going to drain the river
No olvides tú paraguas Don’t forget your umbrella
Eres un aguafiestas You’re a party-pooper
Ánimo
Spanish English
Una persona animada A lively person
¡Anímate! Cheer up!
Liz está muy animada hoy Liz is very lively today
5.5 Beso
Spanish English
Ellos se estaban besuqueando en el cine They were necking at the cinema
Ánimo
Desire/Will
Animar
To encourage
Desanimar
To discourage
Animado
Lively
Beso
A kiss
Besuquear
To water down
Besamanos
A hand-kissing
Besuqueo
Smooching
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
5.6 Boca
5.7 Tener
Spanish English
Eso contiene That contains
Yo te entretengo I entertain you
Voy a retener tu depósito I’m going to retain your deposit
Voy a sostener a toda mi familia I’m going to sustain all of my family
5.8 Hacer
Boca
Mouth
Bocadillo
A sandwich/snack
Un Bocado
A mouthful
Un bocadito
A little mouthful
Un tapabocas
A gag
Pasabocas
Canapes
Tener
To have
Contener
To contain
Entretener
To entertain
Obtener
To obtain
Retener
To retain
Sostener
To sustain
Un tenedor
A fork
Hacer
To make/do
Deshacer
To undo
Rehacer
To redo
Un quehacer
A chore
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Spanish English
Tengo muchos quehaceres está semana I have a lot of chores this week
5.9 Saber
Spanish English
Eres un sabelotodo You´re a know-it-all
Liz es muy sabia Liz is very wise
5.10 Romper
Spanish English
Vamos a romper el hielo Let’s break the ice
5.11 Poner
Saber
To know
Un sabelotodo
A know-it-all
Sabio/a
Wise
Sabiduría
A chore
Romper
To break
Un rompecorazones
A heart-breaker
Un rompecabezas
A puzzle
Un rompehielos
An ice-breaker
Un rompeolas
An wave-breaker
Poner
To put
Contraponer
To oppose
Imponer
To impose
Proponer
To propose
Suponer
To suppose
Disponer
To have available/to
get something ready
Disponible
Available
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
5.12 Pasar
Spanish English
Vamos a repasar el artículo Let’s review the article
5.12 Mal
Pasar
To pass
El pasado
The past
Repasar
To review
Traspasar
To trespass
Un pasajero
A passenger
Un pasaje
A passage
Un pasatiempo
A pastime
Mal
Bad
Maldecir
To curse
Malgastar
To waste
Maleducado
Poorly mannered
Malicioso
Malicious
Malestar
Malaise
Una maldición
A curse
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Module 7: Suffixes
People often joke that to learn Spanish, all you need to do is add an “o” to the end of everything. Actually, sometimes that’s the case, as we’ve already seen! An “o” is a suffix, a part which is added to the end of another word to alter its meaning. Spanish has loads of these, in fact a confusing amount. We’ve chosen some of the best ones, which are frequently used, and often have their own wonderful Spanish kind of logic which our English lacks. These suffixes can be used on many words, and have an effect on the meaning of that word. We’ll look at a load of suffixes, see how they change the meaning of the root word, and a few examples in each case. We’ll also take a couple of words, and see how many different meanings we can get out of them by using some of these suffixes. Suffixes can be used to multiply the vocabulary you already have. What you get out of applying these guidelines will often depend on your base vocabulary to start with. Applying the suffixes guidelines to a small base vocabulary will give you a smaller end vocabulary than if you had a larger base vocabulary to begin with. Of course, the beauty of this is that you can remember these suffixes as you continue to learn Spanish, and will be able to apply them to all the new words that you meet!
7.2 –able/-ible
The English equivalent to this is “able”. In fact, the word “capable” involves this suffix in English! We’ve got plenty of words we share with Spanish that use these forms - in fact most of these are cognates. But, you can expand this suffix to lots of other verbs too, to add the sense of “being able” to do something -
it’s “do-able”. People often do this in English, inventing new words with this same suffix.
Spanish English
Acabar To finish
Acabable “Finishable”
Dudar To doubt
Dudable Doubtable
Eso es dudable That's doubtful
Recomendar To recommend
Recomendable Recommendable
Variar To vary
Variable Variable
Ver To see
Visible Visible
Sentir To feel
Sensible Sensitive
Sensato Sensible
Reir To laugh
Risible Risible/laughable
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
7.3 –ado
One meaning for this suffix is “the one who is”, or the result of an action – often similar to our “ee” ending. For example, the one who is invited is an “invitee”. Spanish uses “ado” to signify this.
Spanish English
Adoptar To adopt
Adoptado/a Adoptee
Aficionado Aficionado
Invitar To invite
Invitado Guest/invitee
Resultar To result
Resultado The result
7.4 –aje
We find this suffix in nouns, where the English version ends with “age”. It changes the meaning of the noun, so
that we go from a single noun to a collection or set of that noun, or it forms an abstract noun.
Spanish English
Lengua Tongue
Lenguaje Language (collection of tongues!)
Por ciento Percent
Uno por ciento 1%
Porcentaje Percentage
Peaje Toll
Aterrizaje Landing of a plane
7.5 –ante/-ente
Use this ending with verbs to form adjectives. Our English equivalent is “ing” - from the adjective, rather than the verb. So, boring is an equivalent, but going is not. For -ar verbs, we use ante, but for er/ir verbs, we use ente.
Spanish English
Alarmar To alarm
Alarmante Alarming
Interesar To interest
Interesante Interesting
Absorber To absorber
Absorbente Absorbing
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Creer To believe
Creyente Believing
Existir To exist
Existente Existing (adjective)
Nacer To be born
Naciente nascent/new
Andar To walk
Andante Walking (adjective)
7.6 –dor/-dora
This suffix means “one who”, and often.refers to professions. we have a similar suffix in English “er” an engineer comes from the word engine, boxer is someone who boxes, a consumer is one who consumes. To form words using this suffix, we take the infintive verb, and remove the final “r”. So, in the case of “hablar”, we get “habla”. Then, we add “dor”, or “dora”, if it’s female. So, in the case of “hablar” we get “hablador”, or “habladora”.
Spanish English
Hablar To talk
Hablador/a A talker
Boxear To box
Boxeador A boxer
Jugar To play
Jugador A player
Matar To kill
Matador A killer
Cazar To hunt
Cazador A hunter
Perder To lose
Perdedor A loser
Eres un perdedor You're a loser
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
7.7 -era
Use this suffix with nouns, adding the meaning “holder”, or “container”.
Spanish English
Té Tea
Tetera Teapot
Sal Salt
Salera Salt cellar/shaker
Perro Dog
Perrera Kennel
Salsa Sauce
Salsera Sauce holder/gravy boat
Carta Letter
Cartera Wallet/briefcase/handbag
Papel Paper
Papelera Wastepaper basket
7.8 –ería
“-ería” is commonly used to denote a shop or store. It’s a suffix applied to nouns, typically the item that is
being sold. All the nouns using “-ería” are feminine.
Spanish English
Café Coffee
Cafetería Coffee shop
Dulce Sweet/candy
Dulcería Sweet shop
Joya Jewel
Joyería Jewel shop
Papel Paper
Papelería Stationers
Droga Drug
Droguería Drug store/chemist
Pelo Hair
Peluquería Hairdressers
7.9 –ita/o
This suffix forms what’s called the “diminutive”, which can indicate either physical smallness, or can express
endearment.
Spanish English
Mamacita Mum (diminutive)
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Abuela Grandmother
Abuelita Grandmother (diminutive)
Una risa A laugh
Una risita A giggle
Caja Box
Cajita Little box
Rama Branch
Ramita Twig
Pata Paw
Patica Little paw
Chica Girl
Chiquita Little girl/small (adjective)
7.10 –ico
This means “like”, or “relating to”, and is applied to nouns to turn them into adjectives.
Spanish English
Alcohol Alcohol
Alochólico Alcoholic
Atleta Athlete
Atlético Athletic
Paz Peace
Pacífico Peaceful
Drama Drama
Dramático Dramatic
Energía Energy
Energético Energetic
Activo Active
Actividad Activity
7.11 –idad
We’ve got a suffix in English which is really close in meaning to “idad”, which is “ity”. We can attach “idad” to an adjective, which changes it into a noun - with the sense of a “state of being”. Activo → AcEvidad From active, to activity. From an adjective to the general noun - or “state of being active”.
Claro → Claridad From clear, to clarity - or the state of being clear. Actual → Actualidad
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
This is a “false friend”. The Spanish word “actual” really translates as “current”, and “actualidad” is the state of
being current - or present time. If you say “en la actualidad”, you’re saying “nowadays”.
Spanish English
Claro Clear
Claridad Clarity
Actual Current
En la actualidad Nowadays, currently
Creativo Creative
Creatividad Creativity
Débil Weak
Debilidad Weakness
Feliz Happy
Felicidad Happiness
Feliz cumpleaños Happy birthday
Feliz navidad Happy christmas
Probable Probable
Probabilidad Probability
7.12 –ificar
You can add “ificar” to both nouns and adjectives, and it turns them into verbs, adding the meaning of “to
make like”.
Spanish English
Falso False
Falisificar Falsify
Justo Just
Justificar Justify
Clase Class
Clasificar Classify
Puro Pure
Purificar Purify
Simple Simple
Simplificar Simplify
Unido United
Unificar Unify
7.13 –ísimo
“-ísimo” is a superlative ending, meaning that it adds extra intensity to adjectives. For example, “bueno” means “good”. If we use the suffix ending, we get “buenísimo” - which means super, amazingly good! We don’t really have an English equivalent, so this shows how rich the Spanish language can be.
To use these suffixes, we take the base adjective - for example, “Bueno” - and remove the final vowel, if it has
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
one. So in this case, we’re left with “buen”, then we add “ísimo” - leaving us with “buenísimo”. If the adjective
ends with “ble”, then we add an i between the b and the l - so “notable” (notable) becomes “notabilísimo”.
Spanish English
Bueno Good
Buenísimo Very good
Delicado Delicate
Delicadísimo Very delicate
Notable Notable
Notabilísimo Very notable
Bello Fair, beautiful
Bellísimo Very fair
Clarísimo Very clear
Guapo Handsome
Guapísimo Very handsome
Liz es bellísima Liz is very beautiful
Amable Friendly
Amabilísimo Very friendly
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Appendix: Tests
Test 1
Spanish English
Crear To create
Seguridad Security
Original Original
Colección Collection
Acelerar To accelerate
Habilidad Ability
Moral Moral
English Spanish
Action Acción
Identity Identidad
Celebration Celebración
Radical Radical
Real, true Real
Co-ordinate Coordinar
Normal Normal
Test 2
Spanish English
Comentario Commentary
Visible Visible
Magnético Magnetic
Secretario/ Secretaría Secretary
Diario Diary
Básico Basic
Santuario Sanctuary
Posible Possible
English Spanish
Terrible Terrible
Fantastic Fantástico
Academic Académico
Necessary Necesario
Adorable Adorable
Identify Identificar
Romantic Romántico
Amplify Amplificar
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Test 3
Spanish English
Error Error
Finalmente Finally
Glorioso Glorious
Actor Actor
Geografía Geography
Famoso Famous
Factor Factor
Correctamente Correctly
English Spanish
Marvellous Maravilloso
Author Autor
Humour Humor
Biology Biología
Serious Serio
Normally Normalmente
Photography Fotografía
History Historia
Test 4
Spanish English
Tiene buena pinta It looks good
Tengo que hacerlo I have to do it
Tengo ganas de ir a dormir I feel like going to sleep
Tengo que estudiar I have to study
Tengo que terminar porque tengo prisa I have to finish because I´m in a hurry
¿De qué tienes ganas? What do you fancy?
No tiene nada que ver conmigo It has nothing to do with me
La fiesta tendrá lugar en mi casa el sábado
The party will take place in my house on Saturday
English Spanish
It looks good Tiene buena pinta
It looks bad Tiene mala pinta
It has nothing to do with it No tiene nada que ver
I have to do it because it's very important
Tengo que hacerlo porque es muy importante
You have to go Tienes que irte/Te tienes que ir
Are you in a hurry? ¿Tienes prisa?
It has something to do with you Tiene algo que ver contigo
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Test 5
Spanish English
Él no me hace caso He doesn’t pay attention to me
Yo no hago falta I’m not needed
Le hace gracia He finds it funny
Hace 3 días 3 days ago
Los niños no hacen caso a su profesora Children don´t pay attention to their teacher
Me hace falta el carro/el coche I need the car
Hace mucho tiempo A long time ago
No me hace gracia I don´t find it funny
English Spanish
One hour ago Hace una hora
Not long ago Hace poco/no hace mucho
I didn't listen to my mum's advice No hice caso del consejo de mi mamá
We need money Nos hace falta dinero
You're not needed No haces falta
Two years ago Hace dos años
Test 6
Spanish English
Dar calor To make hot
Dar asco To disgust
Me das asco You disgust me
Me doy cuenta I realice
Le da igual He/she doesn’t care/mind
Me da mucho frío It makes me very cold
¿Te doy risa? Do I make you laugh?
No se dio cuenta He/she didn’t realice
English Spanish
I didn't realise the time No me dí cuenta de la hora
You make me laugh Me das risa
It makes me feel very embarassed Me da mucha pena
Am I embarassing you? ¿Te doy pena?
You disgust me Me das asco
It's all the same to me/I don't care Me da igual
It makes me very excited Me da mucha emoción
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Test 7
Spanish English
Voy a llevar a cabo mi plan de negocios I´m going to carry out my business plans
Te llevo un año I´m one year old than you
¿Cuánto tiempo llevas con tu novia? How long have you been with your girlfriend?
Llegar a tiempo To arrive on time
Siempre llego a tiempo, nunca llego tarde I always arrive on time, I never arrive late
¿Llevas mucho tiempo aquí? Have you been here long?
Les llevamos 2 goles We’re two goals ahead
Llevo toda la vida esperándote I’ve been waiting for you my whole life
English Spanish
They are one point ahead of us Nos llevan un punto
I get on very well with my brother Me llevo muy bien con mi hermano
They arrived one hour ago Llegaron hace una hora
How long have you been in London? ¿Cuánto tiempo llevas en Londres?
We're 10 km further ahead than you Te llevamos 10 km más adelante
My sister is 4 years older than me Mi Hermana me lleva 4 años
I haven't been here long No llevo mucho aquí
Test 8
Spanish English
No me dejas terminar You don´t let me finish
Dejé de ser perezoso Stop being lazy
Ellos están saliendo They are going out
Salirse con la suya To get away with it, to get your own way
Liz se salió con la suya Liz got her own way
¿Cuándo sale la película? When does the film come out?
Voy a dejar de quejarme I´m going to stop complaining
Todo saldrá bien Everything will turn out ok
Poner de pie To stand up
Poner en las manos de Dios To put in the hands of God
No te pongas bravo Don´t get mad
English Spanish
Everything turned out ok Todo salió bien
To go out with someone Salir con alguién
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Why did you leave me? ¿Por qué me dejaste?
Let me finish! iDejame terminar!
I'm going to stop being so jealous Voy a dejar de ser tan celoso
You got your own way Saliste con la tuya
He left two hours ago Salió hace dos horas
Don't get mad No te pongas bravo
It made me very happy Me puso muy feliz
Test 9
Spanish English
Accionar To activate/action
Eres un aguafiestas You’re a party pooper
Animar To encourage
Ellos se estaban besuqueando en el cine They were necking each other in the cinema
Una reacción fuerte A strong reaction
Se puso muy animado He/she became very encouraged/lively
Hay pasabocas en la fiesta There are canapés in the party
Quiero un bocadito! I want a mouthful!
Animate! Liven up! Look sharp!
English Spanish
I'm going to activate the alarm Voy a accionar la alarma
A transaction Una transacción
To water down Aguar
Sleet Aguanieve
A kiss Un beso
A gag Una tapabocas
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Test 10
Spanish English
Eres un sabelotodo You´re a know-it-all
Deshacer To undo
Rompehielos An ice-breaker
Rompeolas A wave-breaker
Pasatiempo A pastime
Vamos a repasar el artículo We’re going to review the article/let’s review the article
Maleducado Ill-mannered/rude
Tengo muchos quehaceres está semana
I’ve got lots of chores this week
No está disponible It’s not available
No se puede cambiar el pasado It’s not possible to change the past
English Spanish
Where is my fork? ¿Dónde está mi tenedor?
I'm going to keep your deposit Voy a retener tu depósito
I did my chores yesterday Hice mis quehaceres ayer
My ex-girlfriend was a heart-breaker Mi ex novia era una rompecorazones
he broke the ice with a joke Rompió el hielo con un chiste
I curse you! Te maldigo!
Do you have any hobbies/pastimes? ¿Tienes algún pasatiempo?
It's a blessing Es una bendición
Stop being a know-it-all! Deja de ser un sabelotodo!
Test 11
Spanish English
Es recomendable It’s recommendable
Los invitados llegaron hace 2 horas The guests arrived 2 hours ago
Vamos a ver los resultados del experimento
Let’s see the results of the experiment
Hablamos el mismo lenguaje We talk the same language
2% de los ingleses hablan español 2% of English speak Spanish
English Spanish
That's doubtful Eso es dudoso
He's a sensible boy Es un niño sensate
He's very sensitive Es muy sensible
The results were variable Los resultados fueron variables
© Spanish Obsessed, 2014
Test 12
Spanish English
Hablador/a A talker
Perrera A kennel
Alarmante Alarming
Dulcería A sweetshop
Voy a la peluquería I´m going to the hairdressers
¿Dónde está la droguería? Where’s the pharmacy?
No soy creyente I’m not a believer
Después de la carta roja, al Barcelona le falta un jugador
After the red card, Barcelona are missing a player
English Spanish
The paper is very absorbing El papel es muy absorbente
You're a loser Eres un perdedor
We're hunting rabbits Estamos cazando conejos
That's very interesting Eso es muy interesante
Pass me the salt shaker, please Pásame la salera, por favor
Are you a believer? ¿Eres creyente?
Test 13
Spanish English
Lo veo con claridad I see it clearly
En la actualidad Nowadays, currently
No es muy probable It’s not very likely
¿Cómo lo vas a justificar? How are you going to justify it?
Es una niña guapísima e inteligentísima She’s a very pretty and intelligent girl
Una risita A giggle
¿Tienes alguna debilidad? Do you have any weakness?
Hola abuelita! Hi Granny!
English Spanish
Currently Actualmente/en la actualidad
Can you simplify it? ¿Lo puedes simplificar?
The dog is super friendly El perro es amabilísimo
A giggle Una risita
I don't feel very energetic today No me siento muy energético hoy
Happiness is a cup of tea on a cold day La felicidad es una taza de té en un día frío.