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Speciation
Ch 14
What is a species
• Numerous definitions• Biological Species Concept• Morphological Species Concept• Ecological Species Concept• Phylogenic Species Concept
Evolutionary Theories
Creating a Species
• Reproductive Isolation• Reproductive Barriers– Prezygotic Barriers– Postzygotic Barriers
Prezygotic Barriers
• Temporal Isolation• Habitat Isolation• Behavioral Isolation• Mechanical Isolation• Gametic Isolation
Postzygotic Barriers
• Reduced Hybrid Viability• Reduced Hybrid Fertality• Hybrid Breakdown
Speciation
• Emergence of a new species• Allopatric vs Sympatric– Creation of reproductive barriers
Parent species2n = 6
Tetraploidcells
4n = 12
1
Diploidgametes
2n = 6
2
Viable, fertiletetraploidspecies4n = 12
Self-fertilization
3
Sympatric Speciation• Niche separation, sexual selection, habitat
differentiation• Polyploid
Sympatric Speciation• Hybrid Polypoid
Species A2n = 4
Gameten = 2
1 2
Species B2n = 6
Gameten = 3
Sterile hybridn = 5
Chromosomes nothomologous(cannot pair)
Viable, fertilehybrid species
2n = 10
3
Hybrid Zones
• Regions where different species meet and mate
• Outcomes– Reinforcement– Fusion– Stability
Adaptive Radiation
• Evolution of diverse species from common ancestor
• Colonization• Extinctions
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCoEiLOV8jc
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9i2WYS60L4