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SULITNO.KAD PENGENALANANGKA GILIRAN

s*hr#SIJIL PBLAJARAN MALAYSIA 2OO7SCIENCEKertas 2Nov.lDis.z! iam

LEMBAGA PEPBRIKSAAN MALAYSIAKEMBNTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIAiltlilllllllllllllllllllrsrll2Dua am tigapuluh minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU1. Zalls nombor kad pengenalan dan angka giliranandapada ruanganyang disediakan.2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalanyang sepadandalam bahasaMelaYu.4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan atausebahagian soalan sama ada dalam bahasa Inggerisatau bahasaMelayu.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATESMAKLUMATANTAKCALON1. Paper 2 consistsof three sections:Section A, Section

B and Section C.Kertas 2 mengandungi iga bahagiait.'Bahagian A'BahagianB, danBahagianC.2. The time suggestedo answerSection A is 60 minutes,

Section B is 50 minutes and Section C is 40 minutes.Masayangdicadangkan ntukmeniawab ahagianL ialah60 minit,BahagianB ialah 50 minit, danBahagianC ialnh4Omint.

(Jntuk Kepunaan Peme iksaKod Pemeriksa:Bahagian Soalan MarkahPenuh

MarkahDiperoleh

AI 5) 53 54 5

B6

6 67 68 69 6

C 10 l011 l0t2 10Jumlah

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ForExaminer'sUseSULIT

30@ 2007 Hak Cipta Kerajaan MalaYsia

:' "sectionABahagian A

[20 marks)120markahlAnswer all questions n this section.Jawab semuasoalandalambahagian ni'

A studenthas conductedan experiment to study the reaction of magnesiumand hydrochloric.acid.Hydrogen gas is producedduring the reaction.The volume of gas collected is recordedevery 30 seconds'Table 1.1 shows the result of this experiment.Seorang murid menjalankan eksperimenuntuk mengkaji tindak balas magnesiumdnn asidhidroklorik.Gas hidrogendihasilkansenxasaindak balas itu.Isipad.ugas yang dikumpulkandicatatkansetiap30 saat'Jadual l. l menuniukkanepurusan ksperimenni .

Time/secondsMasalsaot 0 30 60 90 120 150 180Volume of hydrogen gas/cm3I sipada gashidrogen/cm3 0 l5 26 35 40 40 40

Table .lJadual .l(a) Basedon Table 1.1, draw a graph of the volume of hydrogen gas againsttime.BerdasarkanJadual 1.1, ukis graf isipadugas hidrogenmelawanmasa. 13marksl[3 markah]

t1lu2

Time/secondsMasa/saat

SULIT180

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SULIT(b)

l5ll12Basedon the graph in 1(a), state the relationship between the volume of hydrogen gasand time in the first 90 seconds.Berdasarkangraf di l(a), nyatakanhubunganantara isipadugas hidrogendan masadalam90 saatpertama.

(c) Tick ( / ) in the boxes in Table L.2 the substanceswhich can be used to replacemagnesium n this exPeriment.Tandakan(/)dalampetakpadaladual|.2bagibahanyangbolehmenggantikanmagnesiumdalam eksperimenni.

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IronBesiCarbonKarbonSulphurSulfurZincZink

Table 1.2Jadual '2lI marklll markahl

Diagram 2.1 andDiagram 2.2 show an experiment to study the characteristicsof an imageformed by a pin hole camera.Rajah 2.1 doi naialr 2.2 menuniukkaneksperimenuntuk mengkaiiciri imej yang dibentukolehkamera ubang arum.

ObjectPObjekP

++_ 4cmaDiagram2.1Rajah2.1

Diagram2.2Rajah2.273

Pin hole cameraKamera ubangarumImageImej

Pin hole cameraKamera ubangarumImageImej

[Lihat halaman sebelahlSULIT2007 Hak CiPta Kerajaan MalaYsia

ForEmminer'sUse

Total A1I r---I t5 l

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ForExaminer'sUse2(a)r-=I l l l2(b)

[=I l1 l

2(c)[;I l l l

2(d)r-=I l2 lTotal A2[=I t5ll l " l

SULIT(a)

l5lll2

[l niark][1 markah]

Ni"urur" and write down the size of the image formed in Diagram 2.1.Ukur dan tulis saiz mei yang terbentukpada Raiah 2'l'SizelSaiz:

(b) Statethe hypothesisbasedon this experiment.Nyatakan hipotes s be dasarkan ek pe imen i n '

(d) Give two characteristicsof the image formed inDiagtam 2'2'Beri dua ciri imej yang terbentukpada Rajah 2'2'

I marklU markahl(c) Predict the size of the image if object P is placed at 10 cm from the pin hole camera'Ramalkansaiz imei iika oiiek P diletakkanpada kedudukan 0 cm dari kamera lubangiarum.

I markl11markah)

1.2. 2 marksl12markahl

Diagram 3 shows an experiment to study the effect of pH on the growth of bacteria.naiin Z menunjukkan aiu eksperimen ntukmengkajikesanpH ke ataspertumbuhanbakteria.

Nutrient Bacteria Acidbroth + culture +Bubur +Kultur +Asirlnutrien bakteria

Nutrient + Bacteria+ Alkalibroth cultureBubur +Kultur +Alkalinutrien bakteria

Nutrient Bacteria Distilledbroth +culture +waterBubur - Kultur *Airnutr ien' bakter ia'sul ingDiagram3Rajah3

After two days, the appearanceof the mixture in each test tube is observed.Table 3 shows the result of this experiment.selepasdua hari, keadaancampurandalam setiaptabunguji diperhatikan.Jadual 3 menuniukkan eputusaneksperimenni'

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SULIT rstu2Test tubeTabunguji pH ValueNilai pH Cloudinessof mixtureKekerahan ampurdn

P Acid (pH less han 7)Asid (pH kurang daripada 7) Slightly cloudyKurang keruha Alkali (pH more than 7)Alkali (pH lebih daripada 7 Slightly cloudyKurang keruhR Neutral (pH 7)Neutral (pH 7 Very cloudySangat keruh

Table3Jadual3(a) State the variables n this experiment.Nyatakanpembolehubah alam eksperimenni.

(i ) Manipulatedvariable:Pembo ehubah dimanipulaskan

ForExaminer'sUse

3(bxi)[=I l r l

3(b)(ii)[-=I l l l

3(c)[=I l l l

I markl[1 markah](ii) Constantvariable:Pembolehubah imalarkan:

I markl[1 markah]

(b) Basedon Table 3,BerdasarkanJadual 3,(i) what is the best condition for the growth of bacteria?apakahkeadaanpaling sesuaiuntukpertumbuhanbakteria?

I marklI markahl(ii) state the inference thatnyatakan nferensyang you can make.dapat anda buat.

(c)I markl

I markahlBasedon this experiment, statethe operational definition for the growth of bacteria.Berdasarkaneksperimenni, nyatakandeJinisisecaraoperasi bagi pertumbuhanbakteria.

I markl[1 markah)

halamansetrelahlSULIT@ 2007 Hak Cipta Kerajaan Malaysia 75 ILihat

Total .{3t-=I ls l

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ForExaminer'sUse

rslll2SULIT4 Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 show an experiment to study the collision betweentrolleys ofdifferent masseswith a plasticine block'Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah .i inrnu4umon eksperimen ntukmengkaiiperlanggaranantara troli yangberlainan isim denganbongkahplastisin'

Trolley PTroli P PlasticinePlastisin

Before collisionSebelum erlanggaranDiagram4.1Raiah4.1

After collisionSelepaserlanggaranDiagram4.2Rajah4.2

PlasticinePlastisin

Both trolleys move with the samevelocity'Kedua-dua roli bergerakpada halaju yang sama'(a) State the variablesin this experiment'Nyatakanpembolehubah alam eksperimenni'

(i) ManiPulated variable:Pemb lehub h dimaniP las kanI marklll marknh)

(ii) Responding variable:Pembolehubh be gerakbalas

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SULIT(b) (D

l5t1l2what can you observeabout the plasticine block after the collision?Apakahyaig dapat andaperhatikanpada bongkahplastisin selepas erlanggaran?

ForExaminer'sUse

4(c)r=I l r lTotal A4t-; l5 l

4(bxiDI markfll markahl

(ii) Stateone inferencethat can be made basedon the observation n (bXi)'Nyatakan satu nferensyang bolehdibuat berdasarknn emerhatiandi 4(b)(i)'

Statethe hypothesisof this experiment.Nyatakanhipotesisbagi eksperimenni.

SectionBBahagian B

l3O marksl130markahlAnswer all questions n this section.Jawab semuasoalandalam bahagian ni'

Diagram 5.1 shows a process hat occurs in the nucleusof a radioactive substance'naiin S: menunjukkti satuprosesyang berlakupada nukleussuatubahan radioaktif'

l markfI markahl(c)

I markllI markahl

ProcessX

C +ParticleQ withpositive charge7-nrahQ bercasPositif

ParticleR withnegativechargeZarahRbercas egatif

Unstablenucleus More stablenucleusNukleusidakstabil NukleusYanglebihstabil

Diagram5.1Raiah5.1(a) (i ) What is processX in Diagram 5'1?ApakahProsesX PadaRaiah5'l?

I marl

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ForExaminer'sUse

5(c)[=I l l lTotal 85t-=I 16l

SULIT.. r'lu2(ii) Name particle Q andNamakan zarah Q dan

particle R in Diagram 5.1.zarahR padaRajah5.1.

Particle Q lkrah Q: I markll markahlParlicle R lZarah R:

I marklI markahl(b) Diagram 5.2 shows the flow of the processof generatingelectrical energy from nuclearenergy.Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan liran proses menjana enagaelektrik daripada tenaganuklear.

Electrical energyTenaga lektrik ElectricgeneratorPenjanaelektrik

HeatlReactorY I Panaskan lWater I lSteam IlReaktorY- lAo | - lst im II Spint Putar

Diagram5.2Rajah5.2What is the radioactive element used in reactor Y?Apakah unsur radioaktifyang digunaknndi dalam reaktor Y?

F.rt";lI r*ui" I(i)

I markl$ markahl(ii) Name the process which produces heat energy in reactor Y.Namakanprosesyang menghctsilkanenagahabadi dalam reaktor Y.I markl

ft markahl(c) Complete Diagram 5.3 to show the energy changeswhich take place in Diagram 5.2.LengkapkanRajah 5.3 untukmenunjukkan erubahan enagayang berlakupada Rajah 5.2.

-____> -> ----------------)

Diagram5.3Rajah 5.3II mark]

ll markahl

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L5t'1.12SULIT6 Diagram 6 shows a processof cell division. chromosomes at stageQ are not shown'Rajah 6 menunjukkan'suatuproses embahngiansel-KromosompadaperingkatQ tidak ditunjukkan'

P: Parent cellSel induk/t:::::\Q)o6\Hffi;--.ifiry-@\*?'

f"Yfr):=;A::l T Division- PembahagiantDivision IIPembahagianI. Diagram6Rajah 6

(a) (i) Name the type of processshown in Diagram 6'Namakanenis proies yang ditunjukkanpada Rajah 6'

ForExaminer'sUse

6(b)(i)| ---l l l l

6(b)(ii)[=I l1 l

6(c)[=I l1 l

I marklI markahl(ii) State the importance of the process n 6(a)(i)'' Nyatakankepentingan rosesdi 6(a)(i)'

I marklI markahl(b) (i) During stageR, the chromosomes ine up on the equator'

What happens o the chromosomesduring this stage?Semasa eringkat R, kromosom erletakpada khatulistiwa'Apakah-yangberlakukepadakromosomsemasa eringkat ini?I markfll markahl

(ii) What is the effect of the process n 6(b)(i) on the offspring?Apakahkesanproses di 6(b)(1)ke atas anak?

(c) In Diagram 6, draw the chromosomesat stageQ'Pada iaiah 6, Iukis kromosompadaperingkatQ'

I mark)ll markah)

Il mark)[l markah]

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ForExaminer'sUse6(d)[-ll l t l

Total 86[=I 16l

7(a)(i)[=I l1 l

7(aXii)[=I l l l7(bxi)t-=I l1 l

SULIT(d)

tslll2.. irHow many daughtercells are produced at the end of Division II in Diagram 6?Berapakai bilaigan sel anakyang terhasildi akhir Pembahagianll pada Rajah 6?

I marklll markahl

Diagram 7.1 shows two examplesof carbon compounds,P and Q'Rajah 7.1 menuniukkan ua contohsebatiankarbon,P dan Q'T-;(1Ethanol--b:=-lEranot t#=l

E-..-

Marble chipsSerpihan matmar

Diagram7.1Raiah7.1(a) (i) Based on Diagram 7.1, which is an inorganic carbon compound?BerdasarkanRaiah 7.1' yang manakahsebatainkarbon tak organik?

Stateone characteristicof an inorganic carbon compound.Nyatakansatu ciri sebatiankarbon tak organik.

I marklll markahl(iD

I markl$ markahl(b) (i) Stateone use of comPoundP.Nyatakansatu kegunaan sebatianP.

I markllL markahl

(ii) Stateone effect of compound P on the neryous system f consumedexcessively.Nyatakansatu kesansebatianP ke atas sistemsarafjika diambil secaraberlebihan.I markl$ markahl

Diagram 7.2 shows a tank containing gas R usedfor gas stoves.Gas R is a hydrocarboncomPound.Rajah7 2 menuniukknnatu ongyang mengandungigasRyang digunaknnuntukdapurgas.Gas R ialah suatusebatianhidrokarbon-

RDiagramT.2Rajah7.2

(c)

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tstlt2SULIT(D State two elementspresent n gas R.Nyatakan dua unsuryang terdapatdalam gas R'

ForExaminer'sUse

[=I | t lTotal 87r-=I 16l

8(a)[=I l3 l

1.2. I markl11markahl

(iil State one sourceof gas R'Nyatakansatu sumbergas R.I marklll markahl

Diagram 8 shows foods that have been processed hrough three different methods.naiin t menunjukkanmakananyang telah diprosesmelalui tiga kaedahyang berbeza.

13marksl[3 markah]

(b) What happens o the water content in the food that has beenprocessed hrough method J?Apakah yang teriadi kepadakandunganair dalam makananyang telah diprosesmelaluikaedahJ?I marklfl markahl

f-1t1t \/ lnI I r**-iI FRESH I h.=.'tluxlh*I SEGIR I I Tfl' I\**/ LieJJ K L

Diagram8Rajah 8(a) Write down the food processingmethods,J, K and L, in the boxes provided in Diagram 8'Tutiskaedahpn*proriron .okonon, J, K danL, dalampetakyang disediakan ada Raiah8.

(c) The food is heated atl2L"C during the process n method K'What is the purPoseof the heating?Makanan dipaniskan pada 121"C semasaproses dalam kaedahK'Apakah tujuanPemanasanersebut?

@ 2007 Hak Cipta Keraiaan MalaYsia 81

8(c)t-;I l1 lI marklfl markahlll,ihat halamansebelahlSULIT

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ForExaminer'sUse

8(d)t-=I l r lTotal 88[=I t6l

9(a)[=I l r l

e(b)[lI l t lt t - l

SULIT "t ,(d) Freshmilk is heated for 30 minutes in method L.Sususegardipanaskanselama30 minit dalam kaedahL.What is the temperatureused?Berapakahsuhuyang digunakan?

Diagram 9.1 shows hree satellitesused n a satellitecommunicationsystem.Rajah 9.1 menunjukkaniga satelityang digunakandalam sistemkomunikasisatelit.SatelliteSatelit 1

OC

rstlt2

I marklft markahl

Satellite3Satelit3Satellite2Satelit2

(b)

Diagram9.1Rajah9.1(a) Name type of wave used in a satellite communication system.Namakanenis gelombang ang digunakandalam sistemkomunikasisatelit.

I markl[1 markah]

state two reasonswhy three satellites are needed n transmitting information. -Nyatakandua sebabmengapa iga scttelitdiperlukandalampemancaranmaklumat.

[2 marks][2 markah](c) Diagram 9.2 shows two types of wave in a radio communication system.Raiah 9.2 menuniukkan ua ienis pelombansdalam sistemkomunikasi adio.

l .2.

WaveMGelombangMAudio waveGelombangaudio RadiowaveGelombangadioDiagram9.2Rajah9.2

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SULIT t5lll2

lI markl11markahl(i )

(ii)

Draw wave M in the box provided inDiagram9'2'Lukis gelombangM dalampetakyang'disediakanpada Rajah 9'2'

What is the process nvolved to produce wave M?ApaLkahrori, yong terlibat untukmenghasilkan elontbangM?

ForExaminer'sUse9(cXi)r-=I l l l9(cXii)

[=I l i ll markllI markahl(iii) Name the equipment used in 9(cXii)'Namakanalat yang digunakandi 9(c)(11)'

II mark]fl markah)

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SULIT t,SectionCBahagianC120markslf2Omarkahl

AnswerQuestion10 andeitherQuestion11 or QuestionL2'JawabSoalan1;0ansamaadaSoalanl atauSoalan12'10 Study he following statement.Kajipernyataanerikut.

An alloy is harder than its pure metals.Aloi tebih kerasdaripada logam tulennya'

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lI markl$ markahl

ll markl$ markahl14marksl[4 markah]ll marklft markahlSULIT

(a) Suggestone hypothesis to investigate the above statement'Ciiangkan satuhipotesisuntuk menyiasat ernyataandi atas'(b) Brass is an alloy containing copper.

Using a copper block, brassblock, steel ball and other apparatus,describean experiment to test yourhypothesis n 10(a) basedon the following criteria:ktyang ialah alot yang mengandungi uprum'Dengan*rnggunikor"blok iuprum, blok loyang,bola keluli dan radas ain, huraikansatueksperimen ntukmenguiihipotesisanda di lD(a) berdasarkan riteria berikut:(t Aim of the exPeriment tl marklTuiuaneksperimen lI markahl[2 marksl(ii) Identification of variables [2 markah]PengenalP st an Pembolehubah(iii) List of apparatusand materials II mark]Senarairadasdan bahan fl markah](iv) Procedureor method [4 markslProseduratau kaedah 14markahl(v) Tabulation of data tl marklPeniadualandata tl markah)

11 (a) Explain the effect of disposal of toxic substancesrom factories to the environment t4 markslTerangkankesanpemhuingan bahan toksikdaripadakilang terhad'ap lam sekitar. l4-markahft) Most domestic waste such as paper is disposedof by open burning'Open burning will causeair pollution'

Explain methods to overcome this problem'Kebanyakanbahanbuangandomestiksepertikertasdilupuskandengancara pembakaran erbuka'Pembakaran erbukttakanmenyebabkanencemaranudara'Terangkankaedahuntuk mengatasimasalah ni'Your explanation should include the following aspects:Peneransanandahendaklahmengandungiaspek-aspekberikut:. Identify the problemKenalpasti masalah. Explain two methods to solve the problemTerangkandluakaedahpenyelesaian. Choosethe best method and explain your choicePilih kaedah erbaik dan elaskanpilihan anda

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SULIT12 (a) Explain the chain structureof the polymers in a thermoset.State two propertiesof a thermoset that are causedby the chain structure of the polymer.Terangkanstruktur rantai polimer dalam suatu termos'et.Nyatakandua sifat termoset ang disebabkan leh struktur rantai polimer tersebut.

(b) Diagram 12 shows four types of objectsmade of thermoplastic.Rajah 12menunjukkan mpatenis objekyang diperbuatdaripada termoplastik.

PolythenebasketBakulpolitena

ThermoplasticTermoplastik PVC pipePipe PVCPolystyrenecontainerBekasoolistirena

PolythenebottleBotolpolitena

Diagram 12Rajah 12Study the objects in Diagram 12 andcontruct the concept of thermoplastic.Kaji objek-objekdalam Rajah 12 dan bina konsep ermoplastik.Your answer should be basedon the following aspects:Jawapananda hendaklahberdasarkanaspek-aspek erikut:. Identify two common characteristicsKenal pasti dua ciri sepunya. Give one other example of thermoplasticBeri satu contoh ain bagi termoplastik. Give two examplesof non-thermoplasticBeri drllacontoh bukantermoplastik. Relate the common characteristics o construct the concept of thermoplasticHubungkaitkanciri sepunyauntuk membinakonsep ermoplastik

END OF QUESTION PAPERKERTASSOALANTAMAT

tslu2f4 marksl

14markahl

12marksl12markahll marklI markahl

12marksl[2 markah]I marklll markahl

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KERTAS 2SectionAl BahagianAI (a)

:, |,/olLnre f hydrrcgingaslcmrlsipailagas'liidrogen/tmr - .

(c l

t :l:rtriil:r:i l I 1; : : : : l :30; ' ' ',":',112$li..,li:1,:iL :,iir.ii:

- ::: : """i " '! : " '" ; :" '" ;" :i i : ; ' - Masalnrur(b) The volume of hydrogen increaseswith timein the first 90 seconds.Isi padu hidrog,en ertambnhmengikutnnsatlalam90 saatPeftama.Iron / BesiCarbon / KarbonSulphur SulilrZinc I zink

(a) 1.4(b) For a fixed imagedistancen apin-holecamera,the further the object is from the pin hole, thesmaller the sizeof the image will be.Denganarak imej yang tetapdi dalam sebuahkamera ubang arum, semakinauh obiek darilubangarum, semakin ecil imejyangterbentuk(c) 0.56 cm (smaller/lebih ecil)(d) Real, inverted,diminished(any two)Nyata, songsang, ebih kecil daripada obiek(mana-manaua)

(a) (i) pH value of the mixtureNilai pH campuran(ii) Volume of the nutrient broth andbacteriaculture in the test tubeIsi padu buburnutriendan kultur baktenadalam abunguji(b) (i) pHl

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(c) Bacterial growth is determined by thecloudiness of the nutrient broth. The morecloudy the nutrient broth becomes, he fasterthe bacteria growth is.Pertumbuhanakteia ditentukan leh kekeruhanbubur nutrien. Semakinkeruh bubur nutrien,semakin epatbakteriabertumbuh.

a (a) (i) Mass of the trolley I Jisim troli(ii) Depth of the dent on the plasticine block

lanjang lekukpadabongkah lastisin(b) (i) Trolley Q produced a deeperdent on theplasticine block compared to the dentproduced by trolley P after their collisionwith the plasticine block.

. Troli Q menghasilkanekuk yang lebihpanjangpada bongkah lastisinberbandingdengan ekukyang dihasilknnoleh troli Pselepasroli-troliP danQberlanggar enganbongkah lastisin.(ii) When a moving trolley with a biggermass collides with a plasticine block, itproduces a deeper dent on the plasticineblock.Apabilasebuahroliyangbergerak anberjisimlebih besar berlnnggar dengan sebongkahplastisin, satu lekukyang lebihpanjangakattdibentukkanadabongkah kntisin itu.(c) The bigger the mass of a moving trolley

which collides with a plasticine block, thedeeperthe dent which will be formed on theplasticine lock.Semakin esar is m troli be ge akyangbe langgardenganbongkah lastisin,semakin anjang ekukyangdibentukkanada bongkah lastisin tu.

SectionBlBahagianB5 (a) (i) Radioactive decayPereputan adioaktif(ii) Particle Q: Alpha ParticleZarahQ: Zarah alfuParticle R: Beta Particlehrah R: Zarahbeta(b) (i) Uranium / Uranium(ii) Nuclear issionPembelahanukleus(c)lN;;;-ltr- F-',.il] .illI energyl_l energyl- l .netgy l- l enetgy Il lTenagal lTenagal lTenagal lTenasalnuklear lhaba I lk inaik I lekkrr ik

(a) (i) Meiosis / Meiosis(ii) Production of gametesPenghasilanamet(b) (i) Crossing-ovet I Pindahsilang(ii) Variations I Variasi

"r@(d)47 (a) (i) Q or marblechiPsQ atau serpihanmarmar(ii) Originate from non-living things or donot originate from living thingsBerasaldaripadabenda bukan hidup atautidak berasaldaripada bendahidup(b) (i) Alcoholic drinkMinumankerasatauberalkohol(ii) Disrupts the nele coordination or slows

down the transmissionof imPulsesMenggangguoordinasi eria atau ransmisiimpulsmenjadi ambat(c) (i) 1. Hydrogen I Hidrogen2. Carbon I Karbon(ii) PetroleumI Petroleum

8 (a) J: Dehydration / PendehidratanK: Canning / PengetinanL: Pasteurisation Pempasteuran

ft) Water is removed from the food.Kandungan ir disingkirkan aripadamaknnan(c) To kill the microorganismsin the food.Membunuhmikroorganismayangeradadi dalammakanan(d) 63'C9 (a) Microwaves I Gelombangmikro(b) 1. To provide communication services

throughout the world.Untukmembekalknne khidmatan omunikaske seluruhdunia2. To form a communication network

amongatl the earthsatellitestations romall over the world.Untukmembentukatu angkaian omunikasiantarasrcsen atelitbumidi seluruhdunia.(c) (i)

(ii) Modulation I Modulasi(iii) Modulator I ModulatorSectionClBahagianC10 (a) An alloy is harder than a pure metal.

Aloi adalah ebihkerasdaripada ogam ulen.(b) (i) Aim of experiment: To compare thehardnessof an alloy and a pure metal.Tuiuanel

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(ii) Identification of variables:Pengenalpastianemboleh bah:Manipulated variable: Metal or alloy blockPembolehubah dimanipulasikan:Bongkahlogamatau aloiRespondingvariable: Depth of dent on ametal block or an alloy blockPembolehubah bergerak balas: Panjanglekukpadabongkah ogamataualoiConstant variables: Height of a steel ballabove a metal block or an alloy blockbefore the steel ball is releasedPembolel.t bah dimalarkan: Tinggi bebolakeluli dari bongknh ogamataualoi sebelumbebola tu dilepaskan(iii) Apparatus and materials: Copper block,brass block, steel ball and rulerRadas an bahan:Bongkah uprum, ongkahloyang,bebolakeluli dnnpembaris(iv) Procedure Prosedur:1. Set up the apparatusas shown in thediagram below.Sediakan susLtnan adas seperti yangditunjukkan ada rajah di bawah ni.

metrerulepembarismeter copperblockbongkahkuprumAdjust the position of the steel balluntil it stays at 80 cm above thecopper block.Inraskankedudukanebola e uli sehing aia berada setinggi 80 cm dari bongkahkuprum.Release the steel ball so thilt it fallsfreely to hit the copper block below.Lepaskan ebola eluli tu supayaa atuhbebas alu menghentamongknh uprumdi bawah.Repeatsteps1 to 3 using abrassblockto replace the copper block.Ulangi langkah I sehingga 3 denganmenggantikan ongkah kuprum denganbongkah oyang.Observe and compare he depth of thedent on the copper and brass blocks.Perhatikandan bandingkan anjang ekukyang terbentukpada bongkah-bongkahkuprumdnn loyang.

I *J0"'I,:"::r"""3.

4.

5.

153

Tabulation of data:Penjadualandata:Type ofblockJenisbongkah

Depth of the dent on theblockPanjang lekuk dalambongkah

CopperKuprum Deeper or longer or moredepthLebihpanjangatau dalamBrassLoyang

Shallower or shorter orless depthLebihoendek tau cetek(a) Effects of the disposal of toxic substancesfrom factories o the environment:Kesan embuanganahan oksikdnripadakilangterhadapalam sekitar:. Causesacid rainMenghaslkan hujan be asd. Pollutes the air, water and soilMencemari dara,air dnn tanah. Releases reenhouse aseshat causeglobal

warmingMembebaskangas-gas rumah hijau yangme yebabkanpemanas n g obal. Poisons and kills aquatic organismsMeracunidan membunuh rganisma kuatik(b) (i) Open burning of domestic waste suchas paper and plastic products releasespoisonous substances and gases thatpollute the air.Pembakaran terbuka bahan buangandomestikseperti kertas dan produk pLastikmembebaskanahan beracundnn gas yangmencemari dara.(ii) Method 1: IncineratorKaedah : Insinerator

Domesticwaste sburnt n incinerators hatdo not release poisonous substancesorgases nto the air.Bahan buangan domestik dibakar dalaminsineratoryang tidak membebaskanahanataugasberacun e udaraMethod 2: Recycle and reuse materialsKaedah 2: Kitar semuladan penggunaansemulabahanRecycle and reuse products will help toreduce the amount of domestic waste.Kitar semula anpenggunaanemula roduk-produk aknn mengurangkan maun bahanbuangan omestik.(iii) Recycling and reusing materials not onlyhelp to reduce air pollution but also savecosts.

(v)

1l

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12 (a)

Kitar semulirtd.anpenggunaan semula bahaibukan sahaia mengurangkan pencemaranudara tetapi iuga mengurangknn kos.

The chain structure of the polymers in athermoset is made up of polymer chains whichhave cross linkages between one another afterit has been heated for the first time.Struktur rantai polimer dalam suatu termosetterdiri daripada rantai-rantai polimer yangmembentuk rangkai silang antara satu denganyang lain selepasdipanaskanpadn futli pertama.The cross linkages between the polymer chainsin a thermoset make the thermoset hard andheat resistant.Rangkai silang antara rantai-rantai polimer dalamtermosetmenjadikan termoset itu keras dan tahanpanas.. Two cornmon characteristics of

thermoplastic:Dua ciri sepunyt termoPlastik:l. Can be moulded more than once.

Boleh diacu semuln lebih daripada satu kali2. Soft when heated and hard when cooled.

Lembut apabila dipanaskan dan kerasapabila'diseiukkan

. One other example of thermoplastic:Satu contoh lain bagi termoplastik:Nylon,Perspex, olypropene,eryleneN lon, Perspeks,polipropena, terilena

(arry one)/(mana-mana satu). Two examples of non-thermoplastic:Dua contoh bukan termoplastik:

Melamine, bakelite, epoxyl glue, kevlar,mylar, nomexMelamina, bakelit,pelekat epoksi,kevlar, mylar,nomex (anY tw o) (mana-mana dua)The concept of thermoPlastic:Konsep termoplastik:Thermoplastics are polymers that can bemelted and moulded repeatedly. Theyare soft when heated and hard whencooled.Tetmoplastik adalahpolimer yang boleh dileburdan diacu dengan berulang kali. Termoplastik

(b)