Sport Rec Private Akts

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    Airman Knowledge Testing

    Supplement for Sport Pilot,Recreational Pilot, andPrivate Pilot

    U.S. Department of Transportation

    FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

    Flight Standards Service

    2013This publication combines publications formerly known as

    Computer Testing Supplement for Recreational Pilot and Private Pilot and

    Computer Testing Supplement for Sport Pilot, Sport Pilot Instructor,

    and Sport Pilot Examiner.

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    This Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement is designed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Flight Standards

    Service. It is intended for use by Airman Knowledge Testing (AKT) Organization Designation Authorization (ODA)

    Holders and other entities approved and/or authorized to administer airman knowledge tests on behalf of the FAA in thefollowing knowledge areas:

    Sport PilotAirplane (ASEL and ASES)

    Sport PilotGyroplane

    Sport PilotGlider

    Sport PilotAirship (LTA)

    Sport PilotBalloon (LTA)

    Sport PilotWeight-Shift Control (WSCS and WSCL)

    Sport PilotPowered Parachute (PPL and PPS)

    Recreational PilotAirplane (RPA)

    Recreational PilotRotorcraft/Helicopter (RPH)

    Recreational PilotRotorcraft/Gyroplane (RPG)

    Private PilotAirplane/Recreational PilotTransition (PAT)

    Private PilotHelicopter/Recreational PilotTransition (PHT)

    Private PilotGyroplane/Recreational PilotTransition (POT)

    Private PilotAirplane (PAR)

    Private PilotRotorcraft/Helicopter (PRH)

    Private PilotRotorcraft/Gyroplane (PRO)

    Private PilotGlider (POL)

    Private PilotFree BalloonHot Air (PBH)

    Private PilotFree BalloonGas (PBG)

    Private PilotLighter-Than-AirAirship (PLA)

    Private PilotPowered-Parachute (PPP)

    Private PilotWeight-shift Control (PWS)

    Comments regarding this supplement, or any AFS-630 publication, should be sent in email form to the following address:

    [email protected]

    Preface

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    v

    Preface.............................................................................................................................................................. iii

    Contents ............................................................................................................................................................ v

    Appendix 1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 1

    Legend 1.Sectional aeronautical chart ......................................................................................................................... .............................3

    Legend 2.Airport/facility directory ................................................................... ........................................................................ .................4

    Legend 3.Airport/facility directory ................................................................... ........................................................................ .................5

    Legend 4.Airport/facility directory ................................................................... ........................................................................ .................6

    Legend 5.Airport/facility directory ................................................................... ........................................................................ .................7

    Legend 6.Airport/facility directory ................................................................... ........................................................................ .................8

    Legend 7.Airport/facility directory ................................................................... ........................................................................ .................9

    Legend 8.Airport/facility directory ................................................................... ........................................................................ ...............10

    Legend 9.Airport/facility directory ................................................................... ........................................................................ ...............11

    Legend 10.Airport/facility directory ................................................................ ........................................................................ ................12

    Legend 11.

    Airport/facility directory ................................................................ ........................................................................ ................13

    Legend 12.Airport/facility directory ................................................................ ........................................................................ ................14

    Legend 13.Airport/facility directory ................................................................ ........................................................................ ................15

    Legend 14.Airport/facility directory ................................................................ ........................................................................ ................16

    Legend 15.Airport/facility directory ................................................................ ........................................................................ ................17

    Legend 16.Airport/facility directory ................................................................ ........................................................................ ................18

    Legend 17.Airport/facility directory ................................................................ ........................................................................ ................19

    Legend 18.Airport/facility directory ................................................................ ........................................................................ ................20

    Legend 19.Airport/facility directory ................................................................ ........................................................................ ................21

    Appendix 2 ........................................................................................................................................................ 1

    Figure 1.

    Lift vector ................................................................... ........................................................................ ..........................................3

    Figure 2.Load factor chart ............................................................................................................................... ..........................................4

    Figure 3.Altimeter ..................................................................... ........................................................................ ..........................................5

    Figure 4.Airspeed indicator .................................................................. ........................................................................ ..............................6

    Figure 5.Turn coordinator .................................................................... ........................................................................ ..............................7

    Figure 6.Heading indicator ................................................................... ........................................................................ .............................8

    Figure 7.Attitude indicator ............................................................................................................................... ..........................................9

    Figure 8.Density altitude chart ............................................................. ........................................................................ ............................10

    Figure 9.Control position for taxi ..................................................................... ........................................................................ ................11

    Figure 10.Gyroplane rotor blade position......................................................................................................... .......................................12

    Figure 11.Glider yaw string .....................................................................................................................................................................13

    Figure 12.

    Aviation routine weather reports (METAR).............................................................. ...............................................................14Figure 13.Telephone weather briefng............................................................... ........................................................................ ...............15

    Figure 14.Pilot weather report .............................................................. ........................................................................ ...........................16

    Figure 15.Terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAF) ....................................................................................................................... ...............17

    Figure 16.Area forecast ........................................................................ ........................................................................ ............................18

    Figure 17.Winds and temperatures aloft forecast ..................................................................... ...............................................................19

    Figure 18.Weather depiction chart ................................................................... ........................................................................ ................20

    Figure 19.Radar summary chart........................................................................................................................ .......................................21

    Figure 20.Low-level signifcant weather (SIGWX) prognostic charts......................................................................................................22

    Figure 21.Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................23

    Contents

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    Figure 22.Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................24

    Figure 23.Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................25

    Figure 24.Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................26

    Figure 25.Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................27

    Figure 26.Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................28

    Figure 27.Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................29

    Figure 28.Time conversion table ............................................................... ........................................................................ .......................30

    Figure 29.VOR ..........................................................................................................................................................................................31

    Figure 30.

    ADF (movable card) ................................................................ ........................................................................ ........................32

    Figure 31.ADF (fxed card) ......................................................................................................................................................................33

    Figure 32.Airport/facility directory excerpt ...................................................................... .......................................................................34

    Figure 33.Airplane weight and balance tables .................................................................. .......................................................................35

    Figure 34.Airplane weight and balance tables .................................................................. .......................................................................36

    Figure 35.Airplane weight and balance graphs ............................................................... ........................................................................37

    Figure 36.Airplane power setting table ................................................................ ........................................................................ ............38

    Figure 37.Crosswind component graph ............................................................................................................................ .......................39

    Figure 38.Airplane landing distance graph....................................................................................................................... .......................40

    Figure 39.Airplane landing distance table ........................................................................ .......................................................................41

    Figure 40.Gyroplane takeoff and landing graphs ................................................................................................. ...................................42

    Figure 41.

    Airplane takeoff distance graph ........................................................................ .......................................................................43Figure 42.Helicopter weight and balance graph .............................................................. ........................................................................44

    Figure 43.Helicopter weight and balance graphs ........................................................................ ............................................................45

    Figure 44.Helicopter CG envelopes .........................................................................................................................................................46

    Figure 45.Gyroplane weight and balance graph ............................................................... .......................................................................47

    Figure 46.Gyroplane weight and balance graph. .............................................................. .......................................................................48

    Figure 47.Helicopter height velocity diagram................................................................................................................... .......................49

    Figure 48.VASI illustrations .....................................................................................................................................................................50

    Figure 49.Airport diagram .................................................................................................................................... ...................................51

    Figure 50.Airport diagram .................................................................................................................................... ...................................52

    Figure 51.Airport landing indicator ...................................................................... ........................................................................ ...........53

    Figure 52.Flight plan form .......................................................................................................................................................................54

    Figure 53.Airport/facility directory excerpt ...................................................................... .......................................................................55

    Figure 54.Glider weight and balance diagram ............................................................................................................................. ...........56

    Figure 55.Glider performance graph .................................................................................................................... ...................................57

    Figure 56.Standard soaring signals .........................................................................................................................................................58

    Figure 57.Hot air balloon performance graph ................................................................. ........................................................................59

    Figure 58.Hot air balloon performance graph ................................................................. ........................................................................60

    Figure 59.Compass card ................................................................ ........................................................................ ...................................61

    Figure 60.Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................62

    Figure 61.Weight and balance diagram ................................................................ ........................................................................ ...........63

    Figure 62.Weight and balance diagram ................................................................ ........................................................................ ...........64

    Figure 63.Rectangular course ................................................................... ........................................................................ .......................65

    Figure 64.

    Airport/facility excerpt ............................................................. ........................................................................ ........................66

    Figure 65.Airport markings ....................................................................... ........................................................................ .......................67

    Figure 66.U.S. airport signs .....................................................................................................................................................................68

    Figure 67.S-turn diagram .........................................................................................................................................................................69

    Figure 68.Weight and balance chart ................................................................................................................................ ........................70

    Figure 69.Wind triangle............................................................................................................................................................................71

    Figure 70.Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................72

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    Figure 71.Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................73

    Figure 72.Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................74

    Figure 73.Velocity vs. G-loads .................................................................................................................................................................75

    Figure 74.Glider Hand Signals.................................................................................................................................................................76

    Figure 75.Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................77

    Figure 76.Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................78

    Figure 77.Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................79

    Figure 78.Airport/facility directory excerpt .................................................................. ........................................................................ ...80

    Figure 79.

    Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................81

    Figure 80.Airport/facility directory excerpt .................................................................. ........................................................................ ...82

    Figure 81.Sectional chart excerpt.............................................................................................................................................................83

    Figure 82.Airport/facility directory excerpt .................................................................. ........................................................................ ...84

    Figure 83.Altimeter .................................................................... ........................................................................ .......................................85

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    1

    Appendix 1

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    2

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    5

    Legend 3.Airport/facility directory.

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    6

    Legend 4.Airport/facility directory.

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    7

    Legend 5.Airport/facility directory.

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    8

    Legend 6.Airport/facility directory.

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    9

    Legend 7.Airport/facility directory.

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    10

    Legend 8.Airport/facility directory.

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    11

    Legend 9.Airport/facility directory.

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    Legend 10.Airport/facility directory.

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    Legend 11.Airport/facility directory.

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    Legend 12.Airport/facility directory.

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    Legend 13.Airport/facility directory.

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    Legend 14.Airport/facility directory.

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    Legend 15.Airport/facility directory.

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    Legend 16.Airport/facility directory.

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    Legend 18.Airport/facility directory.

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    Legend 19.Airport/facility directory.

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    1

    Appendix 2

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    3

    Relative wind

    Center of pressure

    Chordline

    Lift

    Drag

    Res

    ultant

    Force

    A

    Figure 1.Lift vector.

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    4

    0

    10

    30

    45

    60

    70

    80

    85

    90

    1.0

    1.015

    1.154

    1.414

    2.000

    2.923

    5.747

    11.473

    Loadfactor

    n

    Angle ofbank

    o

    Load factor chart

    Bank angle in degrees

    LoadfactorGu

    nits

    9

    8

    7

    6

    5

    4

    3

    21

    0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

    Figure 2.Load factor chart.

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    5

    29

    .6

    29.

    5

    29.4

    I00

    FEET

    I 4

    5

    6

    7

    9

    2

    0

    8

    3

    100

    0

    FEET

    100

    0

    FEET

    29

    .6

    29.

    5

    29.4

    I00

    FEET

    I 4

    5

    6

    7

    9

    2

    0

    8

    3

    1000

    FEET

    1000

    FEET

    29

    .6

    29.

    5

    29.4

    I00

    FE

    ET

    I 4

    5

    6

    7

    9

    2

    0

    8

    3

    1000

    FEET

    1000

    FEET

    1

    2

    3

    Figure

    3.

    Altimeter.

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    6

    40

    60

    80

    100140

    160

    180

    200

    220

    240

    Figure 4.Airspeed indicator.

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    7

    TURN COORDINATOR

    2 MIN.

    L R

    NO PITCH

    INFORMATION

    Figure 5.Turn coordinator.

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    8

    33

    3024

    2I

    I5

    I2 6

    3

    Figure 6.Heading indicator.

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    9

    A

    B

    C

    Figure 7.Attitude indicator.

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    10

    DENSITY ALTITUDE CHART

    Outside air temperature

    Approximateden

    sityaltitude(thousandfeet)

    15

    14

    13

    12

    11

    10

    9

    8

    7

    6

    5

    4

    3

    2

    1

    S.L.

    C -18 -12 -7 -1 4 10 16 21 27 32 38 43F 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

    28.0 1,824

    28.1 1,727

    28.2 1,630

    28.3 1,533

    28.4 1,436

    28.5 1,340

    28.6 1,244

    28.7 1,148

    28.8 1,053

    28.9 957

    29.0 863

    29.1 768

    29.2 673

    29.3 579

    29.4 485

    29.5 39229.6 298

    29.7 205

    29.8 112

    29.9 20

    29.92 0

    30.0 73

    30.1 165

    30.2 257

    30.3 348

    30.4 440

    30.5 531

    30.6 622

    30.7 712

    30.8 803

    30.9 893

    31.0 983

    Altimeter setting

    ("Hg)

    Pressure altitude

    conversion factor

    14,000

    13,000

    12,000

    11,000

    10,000

    9,000

    Pr

    essu

    realt

    itude

    (feet)

    8,000

    7,000

    6,000

    5,000

    4,000

    3,000

    2,000

    1,000

    1,000S

    ealev

    el

    Standardte

    mp

    erature

    Figure 8.Density altitude chart.

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    11

    A B

    CD

    Figure 9.Control position for taxi.

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    12

    A

    B

    C

    D

    Figure 10.Gyroplane rotor blade position.

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    14

    METAR

    KINK

    121845Z

    11012G18KT15SM

    SKC

    25/17A3000

    METAR

    KBOI12185

    4Z

    13004KT30SM

    SCT15017/6A3015

    METAR

    KLAX

    12185

    2Z

    25004KT6SM

    BR

    SCT00

    7SCT007SCT25016/15A2

    991

    SPECIKMDW121856Z

    32005KT11/2SM

    RAO

    VC00717/16A2980RMKRAB35

    SPECIKJFK

    121853

    Z

    18004KT1/2SMFGR04/22

    00OVC00520/18A3006

    Figure

    12.

    Aviationroutineweatherreports(METAR).

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    15

    Dallas

    CaddoMills

    Thisisatelephoneweatherbriefingfromt

    heDallasFSSforlocaloperation

    ofglidersandlighter-than-airatCaddoMills,

    Texas(

    about30mileseastof

    Dallas).Thebriefingisat13Z.

    Therearenoadverse

    conditionsreportedorforeca

    stfortoday.

    Aweaklowpressure

    overtheTexasPanhandleand

    easternNew

    Mexicois

    causingaweaksouth

    erlyflowoverthearea.

    Currentweatherhere

    atDallasiswindsouth5knot

    s,visibility12miles,

    clear,temperature21,

    dewpoint9,altimeter29point78.

    By15Z,weshouldhaveafew

    scatteredcumuliform

    cloudsat5thousand

    AGL,withhigherscatteredcirrusat25thousandMS

    L.

    After20Z,

    thewind

    shouldpickuptoabo

    ut15knotsfromt

    hesouth.

    Thewindsaloftare:3thousand170at7,

    temperatu

    re20;6thousand200

    at18,

    temperature14;9thousand210at22,

    temper

    ature8;12thousand

    225at27,

    temperature0;18thousand240at30,

    tem

    perature7.

    Figure

    13.

    Telephoneweatherbriefing.

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    16

    UA/OV KOKC-KTUL/TM 1800/FL 120/TP BE90//SK BKN018-TOP055/OVC072-

    TOP089/CLR ABV/TA M7/WV 08021/TB LGT 055-072/IC LGT-MOD RIME 072-089

    Figure 14.Pilot weather report.

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    17

    TAF

    KMEM 121720Z 121818 20012KT 5SM HZ BKN030 PROB40 2022 1SM TSRA OVC008CB

    FM2200 33015G20KT P6SM BKN015 OVC025 PROB40 2202 3SM SHRA

    FM0200 35012KT OVC008 PROB40 0205 2SM-RASN BECMG 0608 02008KT BKN012

    BECMG 1012 00000KT 3SM BR SKC TEMPO 1214 1/2SM FG

    FM1600 VRB06KT P6SM SKC=

    KOKC 051130Z 051212 14008KT 5SM BR BKN030 TEMPO 1316 1 1/2SM BR

    FM1600 18010KT P6SM SKC BECMG 2224 20013G20KT 4SM SHRA OVC020

    PROB40 0006 2SM TSRA OVC008CB BECMG 0608 21015KT P6SM SCT040=

    Figure 15.Terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAF).

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    18

    BOSC FA 241845

    SYNOPSIS AND VFR CLDS/WX

    SYNOPSIS VALID UNTIL 251300

    CLDS/WX VALID UNTIL 250700...OTLK VALID 250700-251300

    ME NH VT MA RI CT NY LO NJ PA OH LE WV MD DC DE VA AND CSTL WTRS

    .

    SEE AIRMET SIERRA FOR IFR CONDS AND MTN OBSCN.

    TS IMPLY SEV OR GTR TURB SEV ICE LLWS AND IFR CONDS.

    NON MSL HGTS DENOTED BY AGL OR CIG..

    SYNOPSIS...19Z CDFNT ALG A 16NE ACK-ENE LN...CONTG AS A QSTNRY

    FNT ALG AN END-50SW MSS LN. BY 13Z...CDFNT ALG A 140ESE ACK-HTO

    LN...CONTG AS A QSTNRY FNT ALG A HTO-SYR-YYZ LN. TROF ACRS CNTRL

    PA INTO NRN VA. ...REYNOLDS...

    .

    OH LE

    NRN HLF OH LE...SCT-BKN025 OVC045. CLDS LYRD 150. SCT SHRA. WDLY

    SCT TSRA. CB TOPS FL350. 23-01Z OVC020-030. VIS 3SM BR. OCNL-

    RA. OTLK...IFR CIG BR FG.

    SWRN QTR OH...BKN050-060 TOPS 100. OTLK...MVFR BR.

    SERN QTR OH...SCT-BKN040 BKN070 TOPS 120. WDLY SCT-TSRA. 00Z

    SCT-BKN030 OVC050. WDLY SCT-TSRA. CB TOPS FL350. OTLK...VFR

    SHRA..

    CHIC FA 241945

    SYNOPSIS AND VFR CLDS/WX

    SYNOPSIS VALID UNTIL 251400

    CLDS/WX VALID UNTIL 250800...OTLK VALID 250800-251400

    ND SD NE KS MN IA MO WI LM LS MI LH IL IN KY

    .

    SEE AIRMET SIERRA FOR IFR CONDS AND MTN OBSCN.

    TS IMPLY SEV OR GTR TURB SEV ICE LLWS AND IFR CONDS.

    NON MSL HGTS DENOTED BY AGL OR CIG.

    .

    SYNOPSIS...LOW PRES AREA 20Z CNTRD OVR SERN WI FCST MOV NEWD INTO

    LH BY 12Z AND WKN. LOW PRES FCST DEEPEN OVR ERN CO DURG PD AND

    MOV NR WRN KS BORDER BY 14Z. DVLPG CDFNT WL MOV EWD INTO S CNTRLNE-CNTRL KS BY 14Z. ...SMITH..

    .

    UPR MI LS

    WRN PTNS...AGL SCT030 SCT 030 SCT-BKN050. TOPS 080. 02-05Z BECMG CIG

    OVC010 VIS 3-5SM BR. OTLK...IFR CIG BR.

    ERN PTNS...CIG BKN020 OVC040. OCNL VIS 3-5SM -RA BR. TOPS FL200.

    23Z CIG OVC010 VIS 3-5SM -RA BR. OTLK...IFR CIG BR.

    .

    LWR MI LM LH

    CNTRL/NRN PTNS...CIG OVC010 VIS 3-5SM -RA BR. TOPS FL200

    OTLK...IFR CIG BR.

    .

    SRN THIRD...CIG OVC015-025. SCT -SHRA. TOPS 150. 00-02Z BECMG CIG

    OVC010 VIS 3-5SM BR. TOPS 060. OTLK...IFR CIG BR.

    .

    IN

    NRN HALF...CIG BKN035 BKN080. TOPS FL200. SCT -SHRA. 00Z CIG

    BKN-SCT040 BKN-SCT080. TOPS 120. 06Z AGL SCT-BKN030. TOPS 080.

    OCNL VIS 3-5SM BR. OTLK...MVFR CIG BR.

    SRN HALF...AGL SCT050 SCT-BKN100. TOPS 120. 07Z AGL SCT 030

    SCT100. OTLK...VFR.

    Figure 16.Area forecast.

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    19

    FDWBC151745

    DATABASEDON151

    200Z

    VALID1600ZFORUS

    E1800-0300Z.TEMPSNEGA

    BV24000

    FT

    3000

    6000

    9000

    12000

    18000

    24000

    30000

    34000

    39000

    ALS

    2420

    2635-08

    2535-18

    244

    4-30

    245945

    246755

    246862

    AMA

    2714

    2725+00

    2625-04

    2531-15

    254

    2-27

    265842

    256352

    256762

    DEN

    2321-04

    2532-08

    2434-19

    244

    1-31

    235347

    236056

    236262

    HLC

    1707-01

    2113-03

    2219-07

    2330-17

    243

    5-30

    244145

    244854

    245561

    MKC

    0507

    2006+03

    2215-01

    2322-06

    2338-17

    234

    8-29

    236143

    237252

    238160

    STL

    2113

    2325+07

    2332+02

    2339-04

    2356-16

    237

    3-27

    239440

    730649

    731960

    Figure

    17.

    Windsandtemperaturesaloftforecast.

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    20

    SHADEDARE

    AS...I

    FRWITHCIGLESSTHAN

    1000FTAND/ORVSBYLESSTHAN3MILES

    CONTOUREDWITHOUTS

    HADING...M

    VFRAREASWITH

    CIGGREATERTHANOREQUALTO1000TOLESSTHANOR

    EQUALTO3000FTAND/O

    RVSBYGREATERTHANOREQUAL

    TO3TOLESSTHANORE

    QUALTO5MINOCONTOURS...V

    FR

    AREASWITHCIGGREATERTHAN3000FTANDVSBYGREATERTHAN5MI

    TROF

    T

    ROF

    TROF

    COLDWK

    COLDWK

    STNY

    WK

    ISAUTOMATIC

    WXDBS

    USDEPTOFC

    OMMERCE

    NOAA/NWS/NMC

    WASHINGTON

    WEATHERDEPICTION

    16Z

    SAT

    14

    AP

    R

    2012

    NO91

    0188

    CMC.

    21

    45

    25

    35

    70

    50

    65

    14

    48

    70

    36

    50

    50

    50

    29

    60

    60

    39

    2

    0

    26

    180

    100

    150

    80

    434

    0

    30

    70

    32

    200

    200

    200

    150

    110

    29

    60

    37

    250

    250

    250

    60

    19 1

    455

    65

    65

    25

    25

    12

    18

    48

    10

    15

    250

    250 2

    50

    250

    80

    15

    55

    65 4

    4

    3

    2

    5

    2

    15

    16

    7

    12

    2

    9

    2

    414

    1

    2

    20

    15

    14

    84

    220

    78

    68

    20

    0

    200

    150

    250

    250

    260

    260

    100

    110

    150

    130

    200

    85

    45

    95

    95

    5

    17

    17 1

    6

    3

    25

    55

    40

    22 3

    0

    250

    29

    25

    15

    17

    25

    32

    17

    36

    200

    250

    19

    14

    4

    14

    250

    13

    13

    3

    2

    2

    3

    3

    4

    5

    5

    5

    5

    5

    23

    3

    3

    55

    12

    2

    3 15

    16

    5

    5

    5

    2

    120

    24

    25

    33

    3

    3

    5

    8

    8

    8

    8

    8

    9

    9

    14

    10

    7

    10

    10

    16

    11

    10

    10

    10

    10

    10

    10

    101

    0

    12

    12

    12

    12

    12

    22

    11

    26

    21

    12

    12

    14

    15

    15

    15

    21/2

    21/2

    11/2

    23

    23

    13

    13

    3

    6 16

    6

    13

    194

    0

    30 3

    060

    15

    7

    5

    9

    72

    9

    9

    9

    2

    11

    11

    18

    18

    20

    1/2

    0

    42 1

    1

    11

    16

    5

    40

    36

    21/245

    12

    12

    44

    44

    42

    26

    65

    70

    48

    8

    30

    2

    1

    6

    240

    250

    220

    220

    15

    23

    25

    220

    100

    10

    24

    30

    20

    16

    17

    15

    3

    3

    16

    23

    70

    70

    55

    16ZSAT14APR2012A6+41

    USDEPTOFCOMMERCE

    NOAA/NWS/NMCWASHINGTON

    TOTALSTATIONS

    AVAILABLEFOR

    ANALYSIS

    1262OUTOF1462

    Figure

    18.

    Weatherdepictionchart.

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    21

    US

    DEPTOFCOMMERCE

    NOAA/NWS/NMCWASHINGTON

    LEGEND

    SHADING--ECHOAREAS

    CONTOURSATINTENSITIES1-3-5

    TOPS999--BASES.999--100SO

    FFT

    PREFIX-A--ACFTRPTDTOP

    MVMT--AREAS+LINES--PENNAN

    TS

    MVMT--CELLS--ARROWSWITH

    SPEED

    PRECIPTYPEANDCHANGEOF

    INTENSITY

    +ISNEWO

    RINCRG,-ISDCRG

    WEATHERWATCHAREAS

    None

    1435Z

    SAT

    14

    APR2012

    RADAR

    SUMMARYSD14

    160

    270

    160

    230

    170

    160

    180

    160 2

    10

    150

    200 2

    90

    430

    470

    300

    390

    250

    250

    250

    340

    290

    250

    260

    210

    200

    R

    R

    R

    R

    RR

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    RW

    RW

    RW

    RW

    RW

    RW

    RW

    RW

    SW

    RW

    RW

    RW

    RW

    RW

    RW

    RW

    RW

    TRW

    TRW

    TRW

    TRW

    TRWT

    RW

    TRW

    RW

    S

    S

    210

    190

    180

    240

    330

    430

    230

    S

    S

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    R

    C

    D

    E

    F

    G

    H

    A

    B

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NE

    N

    E

    NE

    NE

    N

    ENE

    NE

    NE N

    E

    N

    E

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NA

    N

    A

    NA

    NA

    NA

    NA

    NA

    NA

    NE

    NA

    NE

    NA

    NE

    NE

    NE

    NA

    Figure

    19.

    Radarsummarychart.

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    22

    120W

    90W

    80W

    100W

    70W

    40N

    VT18Z

    SatApr142012

    12HRSIGWXPROG

    LOWL

    VLSFC-400MB

    120

    120

    040

    040

    080

    080

    120/

    120/

    240/

    180/

    240/

    120W

    90W

    80W

    70W

    40N

    VT06Z

    SunApr152012

    24HRSIGWXPROG

    LOWL

    VLSFC-400MB

    120

    040

    040

    04

    0

    040

    080

    080

    120/

    120/

    240/

    180/

    080/

    2

    40/

    070/

    120W

    90W

    80W

    100W

    70W

    40N

    VT18Z

    SatApr142012

    12HRSIGWXPROG

    R

    R

    R

    TROF

    TROF

    TROF

    TROF

    1015

    0271

    2251

    1018

    0571

    1450

    0571

    1002

    4501

    999

    TROF

    L

    L

    H

    L

    L

    R

    120W

    90W

    80W

    100W

    70W

    40N

    VT06Z

    SunApr152012

    24HRSIGWXPROG

    L

    L

    L

    L

    LH

    TROF

    TROF

    TROF

    TR

    OF

    1027

    1027

    997

    4501

    4201

    1021

    2281

    0281

    10

    13

    0471

    1000

    R

    RR

    FSTHSINPLYPOSSIBLE

    SVRORGARATERTURBC

    SVRICING

    ANDLLNS

    Flightplanningonly

    seeTAF&forspecificterminalforecast

    Ceilinglessthan1,000feetand/orvisibility

    lessthan3miles

    Ceiling1,000-3,000feetinclusiveand/or

    visibility3-5milesincl.

    Moderateorgreaterturbulence

    Freezinglevelatsurface

    Freezinglevelabovemeansealevel

    Moderateturbulence

    Severeturbulence

    Extremeturbulence

    Top(hundredsoffeetMSL)

    Base(hundredsoffeetMSL)

    070/100

    Figure

    20.

    Low-levelsignificantw

    eather(SIGWX)prognosticcharts.

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    23

    Figure 21.Sectional chart excerpt.

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    24

    Figure 22.Sectional chart excerpt.

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    25

    Figure 23.Sectional chart excerpt.

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    26

    Figure 24.Sectional chart excerpt.

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    27

    Figure

    25.

    Sectionalchartexcerpt.

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    28

    Figure

    26.

    Sectionalchartexcerpt.

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    29

    Figure 27.Sectional chart excerpt.

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    31

    2118

    24

    3

    0 6

    TO

    FROM

    LOC

    OBS

    3

    06

    21

    18 24

    TO

    FROM

    LOC

    OBS3

    06

    21

    18 24

    TO

    FROM

    LOC

    OBS3

    06

    21

    18 24

    TO

    FROM

    LOC

    OBS

    2118

    24

    3

    0 6

    TO

    FROM

    LOC

    OBS 21

    1824

    3

    0 6

    TO

    FROM

    LOC

    OBS

    2118

    24

    3

    0 6

    TO

    FROM

    LOC

    OBS21

    1824

    3

    0 6

    TO

    FROM

    LOC

    OBS 21

    1824

    3

    0 6

    TO

    FROM

    LOC

    OBS

    1 2 3

    4 5 6

    7 8 9

    Figure 29.VOR.

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    32

    33

    30

    24

    21

    15

    12

    63

    W

    S

    E

    N

    SET

    33

    30

    24 21

    15

    12

    63

    WS

    EN

    SET

    33

    30

    24

    2115

    12

    6

    3

    W

    S

    E

    N

    SET

    3330

    24

    21

    15 12

    6

    3

    W

    S E

    N

    SET

    1

    2

    3

    4

    Figure

    30.

    ADF(movablecard).

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    33

    33

    3024

    21

    15

    126

    3

    W

    S

    E

    N

    33

    3024

    21

    15

    126

    3

    W

    S

    E

    N

    33

    3024

    21

    15

    126

    3

    W

    S

    E

    N

    33

    3024

    21

    15

    126

    3

    W

    S

    E

    N

    1

    2

    3

    4

    33

    3024

    21

    15

    126

    3

    W

    S

    E

    N

    33

    3024

    21

    15

    126

    3

    W

    S

    E

    N

    33

    3024

    21

    15

    126

    3

    W

    S

    E

    N

    33

    3024

    21

    15

    126

    3

    W

    S

    E

    N

    5

    6

    7

    8

    Figure

    31.

    ADF(fixedcard).

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    34

    Figure

    32.

    Airp

    ort/facilitydirectoryexcerpt.

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    35

    Useful load weights and moments

    Occupants

    Front seats ARM 85 Rear seats ARM 121

    Weight

    120

    130

    140

    150

    160

    170

    180

    190

    200

    102

    110

    119

    128

    136

    144

    153

    162

    170

    120

    130

    140

    150

    160

    170

    180

    190

    200

    145

    157

    169

    182

    194

    206

    218

    230

    242

    Moment100

    WeightMoment

    100

    Baggage or 5thseat occupant

    ARM 140

    Weight

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    110

    120

    130

    140

    150

    160

    170

    180

    190

    200

    210

    220

    230

    240

    250

    260

    270

    14

    28

    42

    56

    70

    84

    98

    112

    126

    140

    154

    168

    182

    196

    210

    224

    238

    252

    266

    280

    294

    308

    322

    336

    350

    364

    378

    Moment100

    Usable fuel

    Main wing tanks ARM 75

    Gallons

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40

    44

    30

    60

    90

    120

    150

    180

    210

    240

    264

    22

    45

    68

    90

    112

    135

    158

    180

    198

    Weight Moment100

    Empty weight~2,015

    MOM/100~1,554Moment limits vs weight

    Moment limits are based on thefollowing weight and center ofgravity limit data (landing gear

    down).

    Auxiliary wing tanks ARM 94

    Gallons

    5

    10

    15

    19

    30

    60

    90

    114

    28

    56

    85

    107

    WeightMoment

    100

    *Oil

    Quarts

    10

    *Included in basic empty weight.

    19 5

    WeightMoment

    100

    Weight

    condition

    2,950 lb (takeoff or landing)2,525 lb

    2,475 lb or less

    Forward

    CG limit

    82.177.5

    77.0

    AFT

    CG limit

    84.785.7

    85.7

    Figure 33.Airplane weight and balance tables.

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    36

    Moment limits vs weight (continued)

    WeightMinimumMoment

    100

    MaximumMoment

    100

    2,100

    2,110

    2,120

    2,130

    2,140

    2,150

    2,160

    2,170

    2,180

    2,190

    2,200

    2,210

    2,220

    2,230

    2,240

    2,2502,260

    2,270

    2,280

    2,290

    2,300

    2,310

    2,320

    2,330

    2,340

    2,350

    2,360

    2,370

    2,380

    2,390

    2,400

    2,410

    2,420

    2,430

    2,440

    2,450

    2,460

    2,470

    2,480

    2,490

    1,617

    1,625

    1,632

    1,640

    1,648

    1,656

    1,663

    1,671

    1,679

    1,686

    1,694

    1,702

    1,709

    1,717

    1,725

    1,7331,740

    1,748

    1,756

    1,763

    1,771

    1,779

    1,786

    1,794

    1,802

    1,810

    1,817

    1,825

    1,833

    1,840

    1,848

    1,856

    1,863

    1,871

    1,879

    1,887

    1,894

    1,902

    1,911

    1,921

    1,800

    1,808

    1,817

    1,825

    1,834

    1,843

    1,851

    1,860

    1,868

    1,877

    1,885

    1,894

    1,903

    1,911

    1,920

    1,9281,937

    1,945

    1,954

    1,963

    1,971

    1,980

    1,988

    1,997

    2,005

    2,014

    2,023

    2,031

    2,040

    2,048

    2,057

    2,065

    2,074

    2,083

    2,091

    2,100

    2,108

    2,117

    2,125

    2,134

    WeightMinimumMoment

    100

    MaximumMoment

    100

    2,500

    2,510

    2,520

    2,530

    2,540

    2,550

    2,560

    2,570

    2,580

    2,590

    2,600

    2,610

    2,620

    2,630

    2,640

    2,6502,660

    2,670

    2,680

    2,690

    2,700

    2,710

    2,720

    2,730

    2,740

    2,750

    2,760

    2,770

    2,780

    2,790

    2,800

    2,810

    2,820

    2,830

    2,840

    2,850

    2,860

    2,870

    2,880

    2,890

    2,900

    2,910

    2,920

    2,930

    2,940

    2,950

    1,932

    1,942

    1,953

    1,963

    1,974

    1,984

    1,995

    2,005

    2,016

    2,026

    2,037

    2,048

    2,058

    2,069

    2,080

    2,0902,101

    2,112

    2,123

    2,133

    2,144

    2,155

    2,166

    2,177

    2,188

    2,199

    2,210

    2,221

    2,232

    2,243

    2,254

    2,265

    2,276

    2,287

    2,298

    2,309

    2,320

    2,332

    2,343

    2,354

    2,365

    2,377

    2,388

    2,399

    2,411

    2,422

    2,143

    2,151

    2,160

    2,168

    2,176

    2,184

    2,192

    2,200

    2,208

    2,216

    2,224

    2,232

    2,239

    2,247

    2,255

    2,2632,271

    2,279

    2,287

    2,295

    2,303

    2,311

    2,319

    2,326

    2,334

    2,342

    2,350

    2,358

    2,366

    2,374

    2,381

    2,389

    2,397

    2,405

    2,413

    2,421

    2,428

    2,436

    2,444

    2,452

    2,460

    2,468

    2,475

    2,483

    2,491

    2,499

    Figure 34.Airplane weight and balance tables.

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    37

    Notes: 1. Lines representing adjustable seats show the pilot or passenger center of gravityon adjustable seats positioned for an average occupant. Refer to the Loading

    Arrangements diagram for forward and aft limits of occupant CG range.

    2. Engine Oil: 8 qt = 15 lb at 0.2 Moment/1,000

    Note: The empty weight of this airplane does not include the weight of the oil.

    400

    350

    300

    250

    200

    150

    100

    50

    05 10 15 20 25 30

    Load Moment/1,000 (pounds-inches)

    LoadWeight(pou

    nds)

    L

    oadingGraph

    Maximum Usable Fuel

    * Standard tanks

    ** Long range tanks

    Pilo

    t&frontp

    assen

    ger

    Rearpa

    ssen

    gers

    Baggage or passenger on

    childsseat (120 lb max.)

    Fuel

    (6lb/gal

    ) 48 gal**

    38 gal*

    30 gal

    20 gal

    10 gal

    2,300

    2,200

    2,100

    2,000

    1,900

    1,800

    1,700

    1,600

    1,50045 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

    Loaded Aircraft Moment/1,000 (pounds-inches)

    LoadedAirplaneWeight(pounds)

    Utility

    categ

    ory

    Normalcategory

    Figure 35.Airplane weight and balance graphs.

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    38

    Cruisepowersettings

    65%

    Max

    imum

    con

    tinuouspower

    (or

    fullthro

    ttle2

    ,800

    poun

    ds

    )

    Press

    ALT.

    ISA20C

    (36F)

    IOAT

    F

    Feet

    C

    RMPINHG

    PSI

    GPH

    KTS

    MPH

    27

    19

    12 5

    2

    8

    15

    22

    29

    SL

    2,0

    00

    4,0

    00

    6,0

    00

    8,0

    00

    10,0

    00

    12,0

    00

    14,0

    00

    16,0

    00

    3

    7

    11

    15

    19

    22

    26

    30

    34

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    20.7

    20.4

    20.1

    19.8

    19.5

    19.2

    18.8

    17.4

    16.1

    6.6

    6.6

    6.6

    6.6

    6.6

    6.6

    6.4

    5.8

    5.3

    11.5

    11.5

    11.5

    11.5

    11.5

    11.5

    11.5

    10.5

    9.7

    147

    149

    152

    155

    157

    160

    162

    159

    156

    169

    171

    175

    178

    181

    184

    186

    183

    180

    Engine

    speed

    MAN.

    press

    Fuelflow

    perengine

    TAS

    Standardday(ISA)

    IO

    AT

    F

    C

    RMP

    INHG

    PSI

    GPH

    KTS

    MPH

    63 55 48 41 36 28 21 14 7

    17

    13 9 5 2

    2

    6

    10

    14

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    21.2

    21.0

    20.7

    20.4

    20.2

    19.9

    18.8

    17.4

    16.1

    6.6

    6.6

    6.6

    6.6

    6.6

    6.6

    6.1

    5.6

    5.1

    11.5

    11.5

    11.5

    11.5

    11.5

    11.5

    10.9

    10.1

    9.4

    150

    153

    156

    158

    161

    163

    163

    160

    156

    173

    176

    180

    182

    185

    188

    188

    184

    180

    Engine

    speed

    MAN.

    press

    Fuelflow

    perengine

    TAS

    ISA+20C

    (+36F)

    IOAT

    F

    C

    RMP

    INHG

    PSI

    GPH

    KTS

    MPH

    99

    91

    84

    79

    72

    64

    57

    50

    43

    37

    33

    29

    26

    22

    18

    14

    10 6

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    2,4

    50

    21.8

    21.5

    21.3

    21.0

    20.8

    20.3

    18.8

    17.4

    16.1

    6.6

    6.6

    6.6

    6.6

    6.6

    6.5

    5.9

    5.4

    4.9

    11.5

    11.5

    11.5

    11.5

    11.5

    11.4

    10.6

    9.8

    9.1

    153

    156

    159

    161

    164

    166

    163

    160

    155

    176

    180

    183

    185

    189

    191

    188

    184

    178

    Engine

    speed

    MAN.

    press

    Fuelflow

    perengine

    TAS

    Note:

    1.

    Fullthrottlemanifo

    ldpressuresettingsareapproximate.

    2.

    Sha

    de

    darearepresen

    tsopera

    tionw

    ithfullthro

    ttle

    .

    Figure

    36.

    Airplanepowersettingtable.

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    39

    Use plastic overlay

    Crosswind component

    Headwin

    dcomponent

    60

    50

    40

    30

    20

    10

    0

    10 20 30 40 50 60 70

    100

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    BC

    A

    D

    Windvelocity

    Example:

    40 knots wind at 30 angle

    A 30 angle between wind and runway

    B 40 knots total wind velocity

    C 35 knots headwind component

    D 20 knots crosswind component

    Figure 37.Crosswind component graph.

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    40

    C-40-30-20-10

    0

    1020304050

    2,800

    2,600

    2,400

    2,200

    0

    10

    20

    30

    0

    50

    F-

    40

    -20

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    120

    3,500

    3,000

    2,500

    2,000

    1,500

    1,000

    500

    Outside

    airtemperature

    Weight(pounds)

    Windcomponent

    Obstacle

    (knots)

    (f

    eet)

    Distance(feet)

    Tailwi

    nd

    Headwin

    d

    Referenceline

    Referenceline

    Referenceline

    Weight

    pounds

    Speedat50ft

    kts

    MPH

    2,950

    Associatedconditions:

    Power

    Retardedtomaintain900/ftonfinalapproach

    Flaps

    Down

    Landinggear

    Down

    Runway

    Paved,level,drysurface

    ApproachspeedIASastabulated

    Braking

    Maximum

    2,800

    2,600

    2,400

    2,200

    70

    68

    65

    63

    60

    80

    78

    75

    72

    69

    Exam

    ple:

    OAT

    25C(77F)

    Press

    urealtitude

    3,965feet

    Weight

    2,814lb

    Wind

    component9.0knots

    (headwind)

    Groundroll

    1,080feet

    Total

    over50feetobstacle1,700feet

    Appro

    achspeed

    68knots(78mph)

    10,0

    00

    8,0

    00

    6,0

    00

    4,0

    00

    2,0

    00 S

    .L.

    Guide

    linesn

    otap

    plica

    ble

    for

    Inter

    media

    te

    Obstac

    lehe

    ights

    Pressurea

    ltitude-

    feet I

    SA

    Figure

    38.

    Airplanelandingdistancegraph.

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    41

    Landingdistance

    Flapsloweredto40Poweroff

    Hardsurface

    runwayZerowind

    Grossweight

    lb

    Atsealevel&59F

    At2,500feet&50F

    At5,000feet&41F

    At7

    ,500feet&32F

    Approach

    speed,IAS

    ,

    MPH

    60

    1,600

    445

    1,075

    470

    1,135

    495

    1,195

    520

    1,255

    Ground

    roll

    Totaltoclear

    50feetOBS

    Gro

    undroll

    Totaltoclear

    50feetOBS

    Groundroll

    Totaltoclear

    50feetOBS

    Groundroll

    Totaltoclear

    50feetOBS

    1.Decreasethedistancesshownby10%foreach4kno

    tsofheadwind.

    2.Increasethedistan

    ceby10%foreach60Ftemperatu

    reincreaseabovestandard.

    3.Foroperationonadry,grassrunway,increasedistance(bothgroundrollandtotaltoclear50feetobstacle)by20%o

    fthetotaltoclear

    50feetobstaclefigure.

    NOTE:

    Figure

    39.

    Airplanelandingdistancetable.

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    42

    Totallandingdistance

    Totallandingd

    istan

    ce

    toc

    leara

    50

    feetobstacle

    500

    510

    520

    530

    540

    0FO

    AT

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    Pressure

    altitude

    4,000

    3,000

    2,000

    1,000

    0

    Totaltakeoff

    distance

    toc

    leara

    50

    feetobstacle

    800

    1,000

    1,200

    1,400

    1,600

    1,800

    2,000

    2,200

    2,400

    2,600

    2,800

    3,000

    0FO

    AT20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    W

    eight1,500lbZerowindRotorpre-rotatedto450rpmS

    moothhardsurfacerunway

    Totaltakeoffdistance

    Figure

    40.

    Gyroplanetakeoffand

    landinggraphs.

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    43

    C-40-30-20

    -100

    1020304050

    2,8

    00

    2,6

    00

    2,4

    00

    2,2

    00

    0

    10

    20

    30

    0

    50

    F-40-20

    020

    40

    60

    80100120

    6,0

    00

    5,0

    00

    4,0

    00

    3,0

    00

    2,0

    00

    1,0

    00

    0

    Outside

    airtemperature

    Weight(pounds)

    WindcomponentObstac

    leheight

    (knots)

    (feet)

    Referenceline

    Referenceline

    Referenceline

    Tailw

    ind Headwin

    d

    Weight

    pounds

    kts

    MPH

    Takeoffspeed

    L

    ift-off

    50ft

    kts

    MPH

    2,9

    50

    2,8

    00

    2,6

    00

    2,4

    00

    2,2

    00

    6664636158

    76

    74

    72

    70

    67

    72

    70

    68

    66

    63

    83

    81

    78

    76

    73

    Associatedconditions

    Power

    Fullthrottle

    2,6

    00rpm

    Mixture

    Leantoappropriatefuel

    pressure

    Flaps

    Up

    LandingRetractafte

    rpositive

    gear

    climbestab

    lished

    Cowl

    Open

    flaps

    Example:

    OAT

    15C

    (59F)

    Pressurealtitude

    5,65

    0feet

    Takeoffweight

    2,95

    0lb

    Headwindcomp.

    9.0k

    nots

    Groundroll

    1,37

    5feet

    Totaldistanceover

    a50feetobstacle

    2,30

    0feet

    Takeoffspeedat

    Lift-off

    66knots(76mph)

    50feet

    72knots(83mph)

    ISA

    10,0

    00 8

    ,000

    6,0

    00

    4,0

    00

    2,0

    00 S.L.

    Pressur

    ea

    ltitu

    de-

    feet

    Guid

    elin

    esno

    t

    appl

    icabl

    efor

    Inte

    rmed

    iate

    Obs

    tacl

    ehe

    ight

    s

    Figure

    41.

    Airplanetakeoffdistan

    cegraph.

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    44

    86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

    2,400

    2,300

    2,200

    2,100

    2,000

    1,900

    1,800

    1,700

    1,600

    1,500

    We

    ight(pounds)

    CG (inches aft of datum)

    Note: Assumed 170 lb pilot & passengers

    600 lb cabin load

    195 lb fuel

    3 Passengers

    1 Pilot

    Pilot and one passenger

    Max. approved weight

    240lb

    40gallo

    ns

    Zerofuel

    Figure 42.Helicopter weight and balance graph.

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    45

    34

    32

    30

    28

    26

    24

    22

    20

    18

    16

    14

    12

    10

    8

    6

    4

    2

    0

    Load weight (pounds)

    Loading chart

    Momentinthousandsofpound(inches)

    Main tank & auxilliary tank

    Sta. 107.0

    Pilot and passengerSta. 83.90

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40

    44

    Denotes aux fuel range

    0 100 200 300 400

    Denotes aux fuel range

    170

    165

    160

    155

    150

    145

    140

    135

    130

    125

    120

    115

    110

    105

    100

    95

    Aircraft weight (pounds)

    CG chart

    Momentinthousandsofpound(inches)

    Forward CG limitfuel tank full 25 gal

    Aft CG limit 100.0

    Forward CG limit 95.0 0 fuel

    1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700

    A

    A

    B

    B

    C

    C

    Figure 43.Helicopter weight and balance graphs.

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    46

    5

    ,000

    4

    ,000

    3

    ,000

    2

    ,000

    1

    ,000 0

    1,

    000

    2,

    000

    3,

    000

    4,

    000

    5,

    000

    2,300

    2,200

    2,100

    2,000

    1,900

    1,800

    1,700

    1,600

    Lateral offset moment envelope

    Grossweight(pound

    s)

    Left Lateral offset moment Right

    Pound (inches)

    92 94 96 98 100

    2,200

    2,000

    1,800

    1,600

    Approved center of gravity envelopes

    lateral and longitudinal

    Grossweight(pounds)

    Longitudinal CG (inches aft of datum)

    Approved area

    Figure 44.Helicopter CG envelopes.

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    47

    1,500

    1,450

    1,400

    1,350

    1,300

    1,250

    92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118

    Total aircraft moment X 1,000 (pound - inches)

    Center of gravity moment envelope

    Normal category

    Totalw

    eight(pounds)

    Maximum takeoff weight

    Example point

    Fuel consumption

    Minimum flying weight

    Figure 45.Gyroplane weight and balance graph.

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    48

    300

    250

    200

    150

    100

    50

    00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

    Load moment x 1000 (pound inches)

    Loading chart

    Weight(p

    ounds)

    Seat FWD

    Seat AFT

    5 gal

    10 gal

    15 galMax

    Full

    Code Configuration

    Pilot/passenger

    Baggage

    Fuel

    Figure 46.Gyroplane weight and balance graph.

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    49

    He

    ightabove

    terrain

    (fe

    et)

    Height velocity diagram for operation at sea level

    (Tests conducted on prepared surfaces)2,200 pounds gross weight

    Indicated airspeed (mph)

    600

    500

    400

    300

    200

    100

    0

    0 20 40 60 80 100

    40

    Recommended takeoffprofile

    Best rate of climb speedat sea level

    Use caution in this area toavoid contact of tail rotorguard with ground

    Avoid operation in this area

    Safe operating area

    Figure 47.Helicopter height velocity diagram.

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    51

    NW-1,15NOV2012to13DEC2012

    NW-1,15NOV2012to13DEC2

    012

    AB

    C

    D

    E

    Figure 49.Airport diagram.

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    53

    Wind cone

    N

    Figure 51.Wind cone airport landing indicator.

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    54

    Figure 52.Flight plan form.

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    55

    Figure 53.Airport/facility directory excerpt.

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    56

    Front seatSTA. 43.80

    Rear seat STA. 74.70

    STA. 0

    Empty weight ...............................................610 pounds

    Empty weight station ................................. 96.47 inchesMaximum gross weight.............................1,040 pounds

    Center of gravity limits...............Stations 78.20 to 86.10

    Stations diagram

    Figure 54.Glider weight and balance diagram.

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    57

    30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 94 98

    30

    28

    26

    24

    22

    L/D

    20

    12

    10

    8

    6

    4VsFPS

    2

    L/D max 30.9:1 at 53 mph min sink 2.2 FPS at 44 mph

    L/D glide angle

    Vssinking speed

    V-MPH

    Figure 55.

    Glider performance graph.

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    58

    Fishtail

    Roll

    Roll

    Move out

    Pullg

    ently

    Pull

    gently

    Waggle rudder

    Roll

    Fans Rudder

    1 2 3

    4

    5 6

    7

    8

    Fishtail

    9

    10

    11 12

    13

    Figure 56.Standard soaring signals.

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    59

    Gross Weight (pounds)

    Airtemperature

    600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

    +120

    +100

    +80

    +60

    +40

    +20

    0

    20

    40

    C

    +50

    +40

    +30

    +20

    +10

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    Sample: computed maximum

    Envelope temperature 300 FGross weight 1,663 lbTypical free lift 150 lbAmbient temperature 60 FBasket weight 130 lbEnvelope weight 152 lbEmpty tanks 78 lbFuel 126 lbPassenger weight 720 lbTotal weight 1,206 lb

    At gross weight find 1,206 lbproceed vertical to intersect 60 Fhorizontal line. Maximum height

    with 1,206 total weight would be11,000 feet MSL.

    Maxgrossweight

    Fre

    eliftonly

    11,0

    00

    12,0

    00

    13,0

    00

    14,0

    00

    15,0

    00fe

    et

    10,0

    00fe

    et

    5,000fe

    et

    Sealevel

    F

    Figure 57.Hot air balloon performance graph.

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    60

    -20

    -1

    0

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    110

    120

    1600

    1400

    1200

    1000

    800

    600

    400

    200 0

    15

    ,000

    feet

    10

    ,000

    feet

    5,0

    00

    feet

    Sea-lev

    el

    p

    ressure

    altit

    ude

    No

    te:Propanepressuremargina

    lbelow

    0F

    Balloonvolume=56,400cuft

    Ballooninternaltemp=250F

    (Ma

    x.permissibleforsustainedop

    eration

    App

    rox.emptyweight=335lb)(w

    ithtwotanks)

    Am

    bienttemperaturealtitude(F)

    Grossweight(pounds)

    Standardtemperature

    M

    aximumgrossweightlimits

    Figure

    58.

    Hotairballoonperformancegraph.

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    61

    For N 30 60 E 120 150

    Steer 0 27 56 85 116 148

    For S 210 240 W 300 330

    Steer 181 214 244 274 303 332

    Figure 59.

    Compass card.

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    62

    Figure 60.Sectional chart excerpt.

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    63

    CGCG

    500 LB250 LB

    20"15"

    Plank weight 200 LBCG

    45" 45"

    15"

    Figure 61.Weight and balance diagram.

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    64

    50" 100"

    25"

    Fulcrum

    Datum

    ZCG

    XCG

    YCG

    Figure 62.

    Weight and balance diagram.

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    65

    Wind 12

    3

    4

    Figure 63.Rectangular course.

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    66

    Figure 64.Airport/facility excerpt.

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    67

    19

    A

    4

    A

    Terminal

    Non movement area

    CAB

    D

    E F

    Figure 65.Airport markings.

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    68

    4-22

    ILS

    4-APCH

    B

    22

    TERM

    22

    HS-1

    B

    4

    A

    B

    C

    D

    E

    F

    G

    H

    I

    J

    K

    L

    M

    N

    Figure 66.U.S. airport signs.

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    69

    Wind

    2

    1 3

    4

    5

    6

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    Figure 67.S-turn diagram.

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    70

    Occupants

    ARM 85 inches

    Rear seatsFront seats

    FwdPosition

    ARM 111

    inches

    AltPosition

    ARM 136

    inches

    Weight(pounds)

    120

    130

    140

    150

    160

    170

    180

    190

    200

    102

    111

    119

    128

    136

    145

    153

    162

    170

    120

    130

    140

    150

    160

    170

    180

    190

    200

    133

    144

    155

    167

    178

    189

    200

    211

    222

    Moment(in-lb)

    Weight(pounds)

    Moment(in-lb)

    163

    177

    190

    204

    218

    231

    245

    258

    273

    Moment(in-lb)

    Baggage

    ARM 150

    Weight(pounds)

    10

    20

    3040

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    110

    120

    130

    140

    150

    160

    170

    180

    190

    200

    210

    220

    230

    240

    250

    260

    270

    15

    30

    4560

    75

    90

    105

    120

    135

    150

    165

    180

    195

    210

    225

    240

    255

    270

    285

    300

    315

    330

    345

    360

    375

    390

    405

    Moment(in-lb)

    Fuel

    ARM 75 inches

    Gallons

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40

    30

    60

    90

    120

    150

    180

    210

    240

    23

    45

    68

    90

    113

    135

    158

    180

    45

    49

    55

    60

    65

    70

    75

    80

    270

    294

    330

    360

    390

    420

    450

    480

    203

    221

    248

    270

    293

    315

    338

    360

    Weight(pounds)

    Moment(in-ib)

    Gallons Weight

    (pounds)Moment(in-lb)

    Empty Weight Data

    *Oil is included inempty weight

    Certificated Weight

    EmptyWeight

    (pountds)

    2,110

    EmptyWeight

    Moment

    (/100)

    1,652

    NOTE: All moments are equal to

    weight arm

    100

    3,600

    3,500

    3,400

    3,300

    3,200

    3,100

    3,000

    2,900

    2,800

    2,700

    2,600

    2,500

    2,400

    2,300

    2,200

    2,100

    2,000

    3,0002,900

    2,8002,700

    2,600

    2,500

    2,400

    2,300

    2,200

    2,100

    2,000

    1,900

    1,800

    1,700

    1,600

    1,500

    74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88

    Center of gravity inches aft of datum

    Moment/10

    0inchespounds

    Weightpo

    unds

    Gross Weight Moment Limits

    Figure 68.Weight and balance chart.

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    71

    N

    S

    A

    B

    C

    Figure

    69.

    Windtriangle.

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    72

    Figure 70.Sectional chart excerpt.

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    74

    Figure

    72.

    Sectionalchartexcerpt.

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    75

    012

    215 4 3

    Loadfactor

    Indicatedairspeed(mph)

    Caution

    range

    Normal

    operatingrange

    Maximums

    tructuralcruise

    20

    40

    60

    8

    0

    100

    120

    140

    160

    180

    200

    220

    Neverexceed

    speed

    S

    tructuraldamage

    J

    I

    H

    G

    FE

    D

    B

    C

    N

    ormalstallspeed

    A

    30fps

    +30fps

    15fps

    +15fps

    Figure

    73.

    Velocityvs.G-loa

    ds.

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    76

    Check controls Open towhook Close towhook Raise wingtip to

    level positionThumb moves through circle

    Figure 74.Glider hand signals.

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    77

    Figure 75.Sectional chart excerpt.

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    78

    Figure 76.Sectional chart excerpt.

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    79

    Figure 77.Sectional chart excerpt.

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    80

    Figure 78.Airport/facility directory excerpt.

    PIERRE RGNL (PIR) 3 E UTC 6( 5 DT) N4422.96 W10017.16 OMAHA1744 B S4 FUEL 100LL, JET A OX 1, 2, 3, 4 Class I , ARFF Index A NOTAM FILE PIR H2I, L12H

    RWY 1331: H6900X100 (ASPHGRVD) S91, D108, 2S137, 2D168 HIRL IAP

    RWY 13: REIL. PAPI(P4L)GA 3.0 TCH 52 .

    RWY 31: MALSR. PAPI(P4L)GA 3.0 TCH 52 .

    RWY 0725: H6881X150 (ASPHGRVD) S91, D114, 2S145,

    2D 1 80 H IR L 0 .6 % u p W

    RWY 07: REIL. PAPI(P4L)GA 3.0 TCH 47 . Tank.RWY 25: REIL. PAPI(P4L)GA 3.0 TCH 54 .

    RUNWAY DECLARED DISTANCE INFORMATION

    RWY 07: TORA6881 TODA6881 ASDA6830 LDA6830

    RWY 13: TORA6900 TODA6900 ASDA6900 LDA6900

    RWY 25: TORA6881 TODA6881 ASDA6881 LDA6881

    RWY 31: TORA6900 TODA6900 ASDA6900 LDA6900

    AIRPORT REMARKS: Attended MonFri 11000600Z, SatSun

    11000400Z. For attendant other times call

    6052249000/8621. Arpt conditions unmonitored during

    05301000Z. Numerous nonradio acft operating in area. Birds

    on and invof arpt and within a 25 NM radius. No line of sight

    between rwy ends of Rwy 0725. ARFF provided for part 121 air

    carrier ops only. 48 hr PPR for unscheduled acr ops involving acft

    designed for 31 or more passenger seats call 6057737447 or

    6057737405. Taxiway C is 50 wide and restricted to acft 75,000 pounds or less. ACTIVATE HIRL Rwy 1331

    and Rwy 0725, MALSR Rwy 31, REIL Rwy 07, Rwy 13 and Rwy 25, PAPI Rwy 07, Rwy 25, Rwy 13 and Rwy

    31CTAF 122.7. NOTE: See Special Notices Section

    Aerobatic Practice Areas.

    WEATHER DATA SOURCES: ASOS 119.025 (605) 2246087. HIWAS 112.5 PIR.

    COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF122.7 UNICOM 122.95

    RCO 122.2 (HURON RADIO)

    R MINNEAPOLIS CENTER APP/DEP CON 125.1

    RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE PIR.

    (L) VORTACW 112.5 PIR Chan 72 N4423.67 W10009.77 251 5.3 NM to fld. 1789/11E. HIWAS.

    ILS/DME 1 11 .9 I P IR C ha n 5 6 R wy 3 1. C la ss I A I LS G S u nu sa bl e f or c ou pl ed a pc h b lo 2 ,2 55 . G S

    unusable blo 2135 .

    PINE RIDGE (IEN) 2 E UTC 7( 6DT) N4301.35 W10230.66 CHEYENNE3 33 3 B N OT AM F IL E I EN H5B, L12G

    RWY 1230: H 50 00 X6 0 ( AS PH ) S 1 2 M IR L 0 .7 % u p S E IAP

    RWY 12: Pline.

    RWY 30: PAPI(P2L)GA 3.0 TCH 26 . Fence.

    RWY 0624: H 30 03 X5 0 ( AS PH ) S 1 2 0 .7 % u p N E

    RWY 24: Fence.

    AIRPORT REMARKS: Unattended. Rwy 0624 CLOSED indef. MIRL Rwy

    1230 and PAPI Rwy 30 opr dusk0530Z , after 0530Z

    ACTIVATECTAF.

    WEATHER DATA SOURCES: ASOS 126.775 (605) 8671584.

    COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF122.9

    DENVER CENTER APP/DEP CON 127.95

    RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE RAP.

    RAPID CITY (H) VORTAC 112.3 R AP Ch an 70 N 4358.56

    W10300.74 14661.3 NM to fld. 3160/13E.

    ATOKADHTUOS043

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    81

    Figure 79.Sectional chart excerpt.

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    82

    Figure 80.Airport/facility directory excerpt.

    SIOUX CITY N4220.67 W961 9. 42 N OT AM F IL E S UX OMAHA(L) VORTAC 116.5 SUX C han 112 313 4.4 NM to Sioux Gateway/Col Bud Day Fld. 1087/9E. HIWAS. L12I

    VOR unusable:

    280292byd 25 NM

    293305byd 20 NM blo 4,500

    293305byd 35 NM

    306350byd 20 NM blo 3,000

    350280byd 30 NM blo 3,000

    RCO 122.45 122.1R 116.5T (FORT DODGE RADIO)

    SIOUX CITYSIOUX GATEWAY/COL BUD DAY FLD (SUX) 6 S UTC 6( 5DT) N4224.16 W9623.06 OMAHA

    1098 B S4 FUEL 100LL, 115, JET A OX 1, 2, 3, 4 Class I, ARFF IndexSee Remarks H5C, L12I

    NOTAM FILE SUX IAP, AD

    RWY 1331: H9002X150 (CONCGRVD) S100, D120, 2S152,

    2 D 22 0 H IR L

    RWY 13: MALS. VASI(V4L)GA 3.0 TCH 49 . Tree.

    RWY 31: MALSR. VASI(V4L)GA 3.0 TCH 50 .

    RWY 1735: H6600X150 (ASPHPFC) S65, D80, 2S102,

    2 D 13 0 M IR L

    RWY 17: REIL. VASI(V4R)GA 3.0 TCH 50 . Trees.

    RWY 35: PAPI(P4L)GA 3.0 TCH 54 . Pole.

    LAND AND HOLD SHORT OPERATIONS

    LANDING HOLD SHORT POINT DIST AVBL

    RWY 13 1735 5400

    RWY 17 1331 5650ARRESTING GEAR/SYSTEM

    RWY 13 BAK14 BAK12B(B) (1392 )

    BAK14 BAK12B(B) (1492 ) RWY 31

    AIRPORT REMARKS: Attended continuously. PAEW 03301200Z during

    inclement weather NovApr. AER 31BAK12/14 located (1492 )

    from thld. Airfield surface conditions not monitored by arpt

    management between 06001000Z daily. Rwy 13BAK12/14

    located (1392 ) from thld. All Agear avbl only during ANG flying ops. Twr has limited visibility southeast of

    ramp near ARFF bldg and northeast of Rwy 31 touchdown zone. Rwy 31 is calm wind rwy. Class I, ARFF Index

    B. ARFF Index E fire fighting equipment avbl on request. Twy F unlit, retroreflective markers in place. Portions

    of Twy A SE of Twy B not visible by twr and is designated a nonmovement area. Rwy 1331 touchdown and

    rollout rwy visual range avbl. When twr clsd, ACTIVATE HIRL Rwy 1331; MIRL Rwy 1735; MALS Rwy 13;

    MALSR Rwy 31; and REIL Rwy 17CTAF.

    WEATHER DATA SOURCES: ASOS (712) 2556474. HIWAS 116.5 SUX. LAWRS.

    COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF118.7 ATIS 119.45 UNICOM 122.95

    SIOUX CITY RCO 122.45 122.1R 116.5T (FORT DODGE RADIO)

    R SIOUX CITY APP/DEP CON124.6 (12000330Z )R MINNEAPOLIS CENTER APP/DEP CON 124.1 (03301200Z )

    SIOUX CITY TOWER 118.7 (12000330Z ) GND CON121.9

    AIRSPACE: CLASS D svc 12000330Z other times CLASS E.

    RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE SUX.

    SIOUX CITY (L) VORTAC 1 16 .5 S UX C ha n 11 2 N 42 20.67 W9619.42 3134.4 NM to fld. 1087/9E.

    HIWAS.

    NDB (MHW) 233 GAK N42 24.49 W962 3. 16 a t f ld .

    SALIX NDB (MHW/LOM) 414 SU N42 19.65 W9617.43 3116.1 NM to fld. Unmonitored.

    TOMMI NDB (MHW/LOM) 305 OI N42 27.61 W9627.73 128 4.9 NM to fld. Unmonitored.

    ILS 109.3 ISUX Rwy 31 Clas s IT. LOM SALIX NDB. ILS Unmonitored when t wr cls d. Glide pat h

    unusable coupled approach (CPD) blo 1805 .

    ILS 111.3 IOIQ Rwy 13 LOM TOMMI NDB. Localizer s hut down when t wr cls d.

    ASR(12000330Z)

    SNORE N4313.96 W9519.66 NOTAM FILE SPW. OMAHANDB (LOM) 394 SP 121 6.8 NM to Spencer Muni.

    SOUTHEAST IOWA RGNL (See BURLINGTON)

    AWOI46

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    83

    Figure 81.Sectional chart excerpt.

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    84

    Figure 82.Airport/facility directory excerpt.

    CRAWFORD (99V) 2 W UTC 7( 6 DT) N3842.25 W10738.62 DENVER6 47 0 S 2 O X 4 T PA 7 47 0( 10 00 ) N OT AM F IL E D EN L9E

    RWY 0725: H4900X20 (ASPH) LIRL (NSTD)

    RWY 07: VASI (NSTD). Trees. RWY 25: VASI (NSTD) Tank. Rgt tfc.

    RWY EW: 2500X125 (TURF)

    RWY E: Rgt tfc. RWY W: Trees.

    AIRPORT REMARKS: Attended continuously. Rwy 0725 west 1300 only 25 wide. Heavy glider ops at arpt. Land to theeast tkf to the west winds permitting. 100LL fuel avbl for emergency use only. Pedestrians, motor vehicles, deer

    and wildlife on and invof arpt. Unlimited vehicle use on arpt. Rwy West has +15 building 170 from thld 30 left,

    +10 road 100 from thld centerline. +45 tree 100 L of Rwy 07 extended centerline 414 from rwy end. 8 to

    20 terrain off both sides of first 674 of Rwy 25 end. EW rwy occasionally has 6 inch diameter irrigation

    pipes crossing rwy width in various places. Rwy 07 has 20 trees and 10 to 20 terrain 20 right of rwy first

    150 . EW rwy consists of +12 inch alfalfa vegetation during various times of the year. Arpt lgts opr

    dusk0800Z. Rwy 07 1 box VASI left side for local operators only or PPR call 9709217700 or

    9709213018. Rwy 0725 LIRL on N side from Rwy 25 end W 3800 . Rwy 07 1300 from end E 300 . No thld

    lgts Rwy 0725 3800 usable for ngt ops.

    COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF/UNICOM 122.8

    RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE MTJ.

    MONTROSE (H) VORW/DME 1 17 .1 M TJ C ha n 1 18 N 38 30.39 W10753.96 03316.9 NM to fld. 5713/12E.

    CREEDEMINERAL CO MEM (C24) 2 E UTC 7( 6DT) N3749.33 W10655.79 DENVER

    8680 NOTAM FILE DEN H3E, L9E

    RWY 0725: H6880X60 (ASPH) S12.5, D70, 2D110

    RWY 07: Thld dsplcd 188 . RWY 25:Road.

    AIRPORT REMARKS: Unattended. Elk and deer on and invof arpt. Glider and hang glider activity on and in vicinity of

    arpt. Mountains in all directions. Departure to NE avoid over flight of trailers and resident homes, climb to 200

    above ground level on centerline extended prior to turn. Acft stay to right of valley on apch and/or departure

    route. 2 cable fence around apron.

    COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF122.9

    RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE DEN.

    BLUE MESA (H) VORW/DME 114.9 HBU C han 96 N 38 27.13 W10702.39 15838.1 NM to fld. 8730/14E.

    CUCHARA VALLEY AT LA VETA (See LA VETA)

    DEL NORTEASTRONAUT KENT ROMINGER (8V1) 3 N UTC 7( 6DT) N3742.83 W10621.11 DENVER

    7949 NOTAM FILE DEN H3E, L9E

    RWY 0624: 6050X75 (ASPH) 1.1% up SW

    RWY 0321: 4670X60 (TURFDIRT)

    RWY 21: Mountain.

    AIRPORT REMARKS: Unattended. Wildlife on and invof arpt. Unlimited vehicle access on arpt. Mountainous terrain

    surrounds arpt in all directions.

    COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF122.9

    RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE ALS.

    ALAMOSA (H) VORTACW 113.9 A LS C han 86 N 37 20.95 W10548.93 29833.7 NM to fld. 7535/13E.

    ODAROLOC612

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    85

    29

    .6

    29.

    5

    29.4

    I00

    FEET

    I 4

    5

    6

    7

    9

    2

    0

    8

    3

    CALIBRATED

    TO

    20,000FEET

    ALT

    29

    .6

    29.

    5

    29.4

    I00

    FEET

    I 4

    5

    6

    7

    9

    2

    0

    8

    3

    CALIBRATED

    TO

    20

    ,000FEET

    ALT

    29

    .6

    29.

    5

    29.4

    I00

    FEET

    I 4

    5

    6

    7

    9

    2

    0

    8

    3

    CALIBRATED

    TO

    20,000FEET

    ALT

    1

    2

    3

    Figure

    83.

    Altimeter.

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