COUNTRY PRESENTATION OF

SRI LANKA

“AYUBOWAN”(MAY YOU BLESS WITH LONG LIFE)

PRESENTED BYPRESENTED BYMAJ TSR PERERAMAJ TSR PERERA

SEQUENCE

• INTRODUCTION.• GEOGRAPHY.• HISTORY • NATIONAL AIMS AND OBJECTIVES.• ECONOMIC POLICY.• IMPORTANT INFORMATION IN THE COUNTRY. • NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY AND STRATEGY.• DEFENCE POLICY.• DEFENCE AND MILITARY SYSTEM.• MILITARY TRAINING SYSTEM.• ETHNIC UNREST AND THE LTTE.• SRI LANKA PAKISTAN RELATION SHIP .• CONCLUSION.

OTHER NAMES OF SRI LANKA

• DRAVIDS - ISLE ILANKAI • ROMANS - TAPROBANE • ARABIC - SERENDIB• PORTUGUESE - CEILOA • DUTCH - CEYLAN • BRITISH - CEYLON

• LOCATION : Latitude 5.55 to 9.55 N Longitude 79.42 to 81.52E • LAND : 65,610 Sq Kms• LENGTH : North to South 445 Km.

Widest Point 225 Km • ZONES : Central Highlands, Coastal plains,

Coastal Belt mountains (Highest mountain 2,524 m).

• CLIMATE : Tropical Colombo 33 c to 28 c

Nuwaraeliya 25 c to 20 c• RAINFALL : Average Annual rainfall varies

from 37’’to 228’’.

GEOGRAPHY

445 KMS

225 KMS

• ANCIENT PERIOD ANCIENT PERIOD – ARRIVAL OF SINHALESE – 6 CENTURY

BC (ARYAN)

– ARRIVAL OF BUDDHISM - 250 BC

HISTORY

ANURADHAPURA

MIHINTHALE

SIGIRIYA

POLONNARUWA

KANDY

• 4TH FEBRUARY 1948 – INDEPENDENCE

• 1948 TO 1970 EVOLUTION OF CEYLON’S MULTIPARTY PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM.

• 1972 CONVERT TO THE REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA

POST INDEPENDENCE

• COUNTRY NAME - Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

• GOVERNMENT

TYPE - Republic

• CAPITAL - Colombo (Commercial)

Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Legislative)

• INDEPENDENCE - 04 February 1948

• ADMINISTRATIVE

DIVISIONS - Eight Provinces

• 1948 PARLIAMENTARY FORM OF GOVERNMENT.

• 1978 PRESIDENTIAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT.

GOVERNMENT

COLOMBO(COMMERCIAL CAPITAL)

SRI JAYAWARDENEPURA KOTTE

(LEGISLATIVE CAPITAL)

• TEA TEA - - RUPEES 53 BILLION • RUBBER RUBBER - - RUPEES 2.1 BILLION

• COCONUT COCONUT - - RUPEES 5.7 BILLION

• OTHER AGRICULTUREOTHER AGRICULTURE - - RUPEES 11 BILLION

• GARMENTS GARMENTS - - RUPEES 206 BILLION

• PETROLEUM PRODUCTS PETROLEUM PRODUCTS - - RUPEES 7.4 BILLION

• PRECIOUS STONES PRECIOUS STONES - - RUPEES 7 BILLION

• TOTAL TOTAL - - RUPEES 293 BILLION

EXPORT

MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MOTOR VEHICLES, SYNTHETIC YARN FABRICS, WHEAT FERTILIZER, CHEMICALS, BUILDING MATERIALS AND FOOD STUFFS.

IMPORT

TOURISM

D G G S AG Q M G M G O M S

D E P U TY C H IE F O F S TA F F

C H IE F O F S TA F F

C O M D O F T H E A R M Y

SF HQ (JAFFNA)SF HQ (JAFFNA)

SF HQ (WANNI)SF HQ (WANNI)

HQ 23 DIVISIONHQ 23 DIVISION

HQ 21 DIVISIONHQ 21 DIVISION

ARMY HQARMY HQ

JOINT JOINT OPERATION HQOPERATION HQ

HQ 22 DIVISIONHQ 22 DIVISION

INFANTRY DIVISIONS

08 x INFANTRY DIVISIONS08 x INFANTRY DIVISIONS 07 x INFANTRY REGIMENTS

48 x INFANTRY BATTALIONS

COMMANDO BRIGADE02 x COMMANDO BATTALIONS

SPECIAL FORCES BRIGADE03 x SPECIAL FORCES BATTALIONS

SRI LANKA ARMY REGULAR FORCE

3 x RECCE REGIMENTS

3 x ARMOURED REGIMENTS

SRI LANKA ARMY ARMOURD CORPS

3 x FIELD REGIMENTS

1 x LIGHT REGIMENT

2 x MEDIUM REGIMENTS

1 x ROCKET REGIMENT

SRI LANKA ARTILLERY

4 x FIELD REGIMENTS

3 x REGIMENTS

1 x ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING UNIT

1 x ELECTRONIC WARFARE SQUADRON

SRI LANKA ENGINEERS

SRI LANKA SIGNAL CORPS

C O M D N O R T H E R NN A V A L A R E A

C O M D E A S T E R NN A V A L A R E A

C O M D S O U T H E R NN A V A L A R E A

C O M D N O R T H W E S T E R NN A V A L A R E A

C O M D N O R T H E A S T E R NN A V A L A R E A

C H IE F O F S T A FF

N A V Y H QC O M D O F T H E N A V Y

COLOMBOCOLOMBO

GALLEGALLE

TRINCOMALEETRINCOMALEE

KARAINAGARKARAINAGAR

MANNARMANNAR

NAVAL BASES

D TE O FAE R O N AUTIC AL

E N G R

D TE O FG E N E N G R

D TE O FTE LE C O M ME LE C TR O N IC

D TE O F LO G D TE O FP LAN N IN G

D TE O FH E ALTH S V C

D TE O F TR G D TE O F O P S

C H I E F O F S T A F F

A IR F O R C E H QC O M D O F T H E A IR F O R C E

KATUNAYAKAKATUNAYAKA

RATMALANARATMALANA

TRINCOMALEETRINCOMALEE

HINGURAKGODAHINGURAKGODA

ANURADHAPURAANURADHAPURA

AIR FORCES BASES

PALALYPALALY

KOGGALAKOGGALA

VAVUNIYA VAVUNIYA

WEERAVILAWEERAVILA

AMPARAAMPARA

BATTICALOABATTICALOA

SIGIRIYASIGIRIYA

DIYATALAWADIYATALAWA

KATUKURUNADAKATUKURUNADA

AIR FORCE UNITS

AREA DEMANDED BY AREA DEMANDED BY THE LTTETHE LTTE

Early years

1974: Tamil Tiger leader Velupillai Prabhakaran forms the Tamil New Tigers (TNT) which four years later re named as Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).

23 July 1983: The LTTE ambushed an army patrol in Jaffna killing

13 soldiers which led to the worst ethnic riot between sinhalese and Tamils recorded in the Sri Lanka’s history.

16 November 1992: Sri Lankan Navy Commander Clancy Fernando killed by LTTE suicide bomber in the heart of Colombo.

21 May 1991: Former Indian Prime Minister Rajive Gandhi was assassinated by a LTTE suicide cadre in Thamilnadu.

1 May 1993: The LTTE assassinated President Ranasinghe Premadasa

16 August 1994: People’s Alliance Government led by Mrs. Chandrika Bandaranayake Kumarathunga comes to power in Sri Lanka.

13 October 1994: Third round of peace talks begin between the government and LTTE.

1996-1998

31 January 1996: LTTE suicide bomber carried out an attack by driving a lorry laden with explosives into the Central Bank building complex in Colombo, killing 86 civilians and injuring 1338 men, women and children.

25 January 1998: The LTTE stages a daring suicide bombing and devastates Sri Lanka's holiest Buddhist shrine the Temple of the Tooth relic, killing 13 people.

23 July 2001: Tamil Tigers attack the Bandaranayake International Air Port in Colombo.

05 December 2001: United National Party Government led by Mr. Ranil Wickramasinghe comes to power in Sri Lanka.

24 December 2001: Cessation of Hostilities (C of H) begin between the Government and LTTE.

22 February 2002: Signings of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the Government and LTTE.

MAHAWELI GANGA

PIDURUTHALAGALA

ARUVI ARU

• HISTORICAL SUMMARY HISTORICAL SUMMARY – 250 - 1017 Anuradhapura period.– 1017 - 1213 Polonnaruwa period.–   1235 - 1316 Changing capitals – decline.–   1418 - 1815 Kingdom of Kotte.–   1592 - 1815 Kingdom of Kandy.–   1505 - 1658 Portuguese rule (coastal areas).–   1658 - 1795 Dutch rule (coastal areas).–   1795 - 1948 British rule over the entire island.

• PROTECTION OF THE STATE AND PEOPLE.

• IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PEOPLE.

• PROTECT HUMAN RIGHTS.

• UPHOLD DEMOCRACY.

• CREATE A CITIZENRY THAT BEST FACE THE CHALLENGES OF MODERN WORLD.

• OPEN ECONOMIC POLICY.

• PROMOTE PRIVATIZATION.

• INCREASE THE STANDARD OF LIVING.

• INDUSTRIALIZATION.

• MAINTAIN WELFARE.

GDPGDP : 15.5 Million US $GDP per capita incomeGDP per capita income : 900 US $GDP growth rateGDP growth rate : 5.6%Currency rupeesCurrency rupees : (102 rupees = 1 US $)Natural resourcesNatural resources : Gems, limestone, graphite,

mineral sands, phosphates, clay, fish and hydroelectric power.AgricultureAgriculture : 20% of GDP Investment Investment : 25% of GDP

• TEXTILE & LEATHER TEXTILE & LEATHER : 40%

• FOOD & TOBACCOFOOD & TOBACCO : 22%

• CHEMICAL, PETROLEUM, RUBBER & PLASTICCHEMICAL, PETROLEUM, RUBBER & PLASTIC : 19%

• NON METALLIC MINERALNON METALLIC MINERAL : 8%

• FABRICATED METALFABRICATED METAL : 5%

• BASIC METALBASIC METAL : 1%

• WOOD WOOD : 1%

• PAPERPAPER : 2%

•OTHERSOTHERS : 2%

INDUSTRY PRODUCTION

• TOTAL CAPACITY OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION TOTAL CAPACITY OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION : : 1,779 KW

• HYDROPOWER HYDROPOWER : 1,137

• THERMAL POWERTHERMAL POWER : 453

• WIND POWERWIND POWER : 3

• PRIVATE HYDRO PRIVATE HYDRO : 12

• PRIVATE THERMAL PRIVATE THERMAL : 174

• HIRED PRIVATEHIRED PRIVATE : 58

ELECTRICITY

• TEA EXPORTS TEA EXPORTS : 295 MILLION KG

• RUBBER EXPORTSRUBBER EXPORTS : 86 MILLION KG

• COCONUT EXPORTS COCONUT EXPORTS : 2,796 MILLION NUTS

• PADDY PRODUCTION PADDY PRODUCTION : 2.69 MILLION TONS

• SUGARSUGAR : 64 MILLION TONS

• FISH FISH : 304 MILLION TONS

AGRICULTURE

Exports Imports

USA JapanGermany IndiaUK Hong KongBelgium Singapore Japan China

Taiwan

SRI LANKA’S TOP TEN TRADING PARTNERS

0.9% 7% 5.5%

74%

12.6%

SINHALESE

SRI LANKA TAMILS

INDIAN TAMILS

MUSLIMS

OTHERS

POPULATION BY ETHNICITY – 19,408,635 (JULY 2001 EST)

POPULATION

POPULATION BY RELIGION

7.6% 7.6%

69.3%

15.5%

BUDDHISTS

HINDUS

MUSLIMS

CHRISTIANS

POPULATION

• POPULATION GROWTH RATEPOPULATION GROWTH RATE: 0.87%

• BIRTH RATEBIRTH RATE : 16.58 (BIRTHS/1,000 POPULATION)

• DEATH RATEDEATH RATE : 6.43 (DEATHS/1,000 POPULATION)

• NET MIGRATION RATENET MIGRATION RATE : -1.43 (MIGRANTS/1,000 POPULATION)

• LIFE EXPECTANCY (MALE)LIFE EXPECTANCY (MALE) : 69.58 YEARS

• LIFE EXPECTANCY (FEMALE)LIFE EXPECTANCY (FEMALE) : 74.73 YEARS

• OFFICIAL & NATIONAL LANGUAGESOFFICIAL & NATIONAL LANGUAGES : SINHALA• TAMIL & ENGLISH IS WIDELY USED IN DAY TO DAY TAMIL & ENGLISH IS WIDELY USED IN DAY TO DAY ACTIVITIESACTIVITIES• PUPIL/TEACHER RATIO PUPIL/TEACHER RATIO : 22 • SCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL ATTENDANCE : 98%• LITERACY RATELITERACY RATE : 92%• TOTAL SCHOOLSTOTAL SCHOOLS : 10,977• PUPILSPUPILS : 4,334,018• TEACHERSTEACHERS : 2,02,951• NATIONAL UNIVERSITIESNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES : 13• STUDENTSSTUDENTS : 48,061• LECTURESLECTURES : 3,268• NEW ADMISSION FOR BASIC DEGREESNEW ADMISSION FOR BASIC DEGREES : 11,962

EDUCATION

• RAILWAYS RAILWAYS : 1,463 KMS

• HIGHWAYSHIGHWAYS : 11,285 KMS

• WATERWAYS WATERWAYS : 430 KMS (NAVIGABLE BY SHALLOW-DRAFT

CRAFT)

• PORTS AND HARBORSPORTS AND HARBORS : COLOMBO, GALLE, KANKASANTHURAI AND TRINCOMALEE

• AIRPORTSAIRPORTS : 14

TRANSPORT

AIR PORTS

MEDIA

• DAILY NEWS PAPERSDAILY NEWS PAPERS - 9

• TV STATE OWNEDTV STATE OWNED - 4– INDEPENDENTINDEPENDENT - 3

• RADIO STATE OWNEDRADIO STATE OWNED - 1– INDEPENDENTINDEPENDENT - 4

• TELEPHONES MAIN LINE USETELEPHONES MAIN LINE USE : 494,509

• TELEPHONES MOBILE CELLULARTELEPHONES MOBILE CELLULAR : 228,604

• RADIO BROADCASTS STATIONSRADIO BROADCASTS STATIONS : AM 26, FM 45 AND SW 1

• TELEVISION BROADCASTS STATIONTELEVISION BROADCASTS STATION : 21

• INTERNET COUNTRY CODEINTERNET COUNTRY CODE : .lk

COMMUNICATIONS

• PROTECT THE STATE AND PEOPLE FROM TERRORISM

NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY

• ACHIEVE MILITARY SUPERIORITY OVER THE TERRORISTS.

• UNDERMINE TERRORISM THROUGH OPENNESS AND DEMOCRACY.

• BRING INTERNATIONAL PRESSURE AGAINST TERRORISTS.

• WORK WITH INDIA TO UNDERMINE TERRORISTS.

NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY

C O M M A N D E RO F T H E A R M Y

C O M M A N D E RO F T H E N A V Y

C O M M A N D E RO F T H E A IR F O R C E

IN S P E C T O RG E N E R A L

O F P O L IC E

C H IE F O F D E F E N C E S T A F F

S E C R E T A R Y T O T H E P R E S ID E N TS E C R E T A R Y M IN IS T R Y O F D E F E N C E

P R IM E M IN IS T E RM IN IS T E R O F F O R E IG NM IN IS T E R O F D E F E N C E

T H E P R E S ID E N T

NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL

02 x BATTALIONS OF MILITARY INTELLIGENCE UNIT

03 x BATTALIONS OF ENGINEER SERVICES REGIMENT

04 x BATTALIONS OF SRI LANKA ARMY SERVICE UNIT

02 x BATTALIONS OF SRI LANKA ARMY MEDICAL UNIT

03 x BATTALIONS OF SRI LANKA ARMY ORDNANCE UNIT

LOGISTIC AND SUPPORT BATTALIONS

03 x BATTALIONS OF SRI LANKA ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL ENGINEER

03 x BATTALIONS OF SRI LANKA CORPS OF MILITARY POLICE

01 x BATTALION OF SRI LANKA ARMY GENERAL SERVICE UNIT

01 x BATTALION OF SRI LANKA WOMENS UNIT

LOGISTIC AND SUPPORT BATTALIONS

19 x INFANTRY REGIMENTS

60 x VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS

SRI LANKA ARMOURD CORPS

01 x BATTALION

SRI LANKA ARTILLERY

01 x BATTALION

SRI LANKA ENGINEERS

01 x BATTALION

SRI LANKA SIGNAL CORPS

01 x BATTALION

SRI LANKA ARMYVOLUNTEER FORCE

08 July 1985:-First attempt at peace talks between the government and the LTTE in Bhutan fails.(THIMPU TALKS)

29 July 1987: India Prime Minister Rajive Gandhi and President J.R Jayawardena signed the Indu-Lanka Accord.

(INDIAN PEACE KEEPING FORCE - IPKF)

10 October 1987: LTTE resumes separatist war taking on Indian troops.

24 March 1990: IPKF withdrawn from Sri Lanka on a request made by the New President. LTTE controls large areas of northern Sri Lanka.

10 June 1990: LTTE resumes separatist war, ending 14 months of peace talks.

23 February 1990: Premadasa government begins second attempt at peace talks with the LTTE.

19 April 1995: The LTTE unilaterally broke the ceasefire by sinking two Naval Vessels and Killing 22 Sailors.

2 December 1995: Jaffna falls to Sri Lankan army.

19 Dec 1999-assassination attempt on the President by the LTTE