SSR TIME (Did you bring your book, Veronica?)

College Prep3-7-13

GIMME GIMME

0 I would very much like your baby integrity write ups

Read for ME!!!!!!

0Read “Notes of a Native Speaker”0 What is Liu defining? 0 What KINDS OF ARGUMENTS is he making

Discuss?!?!?

0Lets talk this bad boy out…

Image Grammar Refresher

0Lets take a walk down memory lane……..

Painting with 5 basic brush strokes

0 Just as the painter combines a wide repertoire of brush stroke techniques to create an image, the writer chooses from a repertoire of sentence structures. Although professionals use an array of complex structures, students can begin to learn the art of image grammar by employing the five basic brush strokes.

0 Eventually we will be working with:0 Participles0 Absolutes 0 Appositives 0 Adjectives 0 Action verbs

Why does this MATTER??!!

0 Not only do the following techniques help you in fiction writing, they SHOULD be incorporated in non-fiction writing.

0 Students tend to write research papers, expository papers, etc. without voice, without flavor.

0 Realistically, teachers grade, college entry people evaluate, and employers judge have to read the same papers on the same topic (sometimes by the hundreds). THESE techniques not only make your writing stronger, they make your writing stand apart

0 And honestly, they make you sound more intelligent.

Painting with Participles

0Participle: a verbal that functions as an adjective0Verbal: a verb form that functions in a sentence as a

noun or modifier rather than as a verb.

0A more simplified way to explain a participle is: “an ing verb tagged on the beginning or end of a sentence.”

Lets look at some examples

0Picture in your mind, a nest of snakes curling around some prey.

0 “The diamond-scaled snakes attacked their prey.”0Does this sentence create a picture in your mind?

Same thing…with participles

0 “Hissing, slithering, and coiling, the diamond-scaled snakes attacked their prey.”

0The participles evoke action. Suddenly, we can see the snakes coiling and slithering. We feel PART of the experience.

Participial Phrases

0Participial Phrases: a participle along with any modifiers that complete the image.

0Modifiers: A word, phrase, or clause that functions as an adjective or adverb to limit or qualify the meaning of another word or word group.

Combo example and explanation

0 “Hissing their forked red tongues and coiling their cold bodies, the diamond-scaled snakes attacked their prey.”

0Both methods (single participles and participial phrases) paint more detailed picture.

0Using the single participles creates rapid movement, while expanded phrases add details at a slower, but equally intense pace.

Examples

0Flying through the air on the wings of a dream, the Olympic long jumper thrust the weight of his whole body forward.0 In this sentence, which is the participle and which is the

modifier?

Examples

0 “Shifting the weight of the line to his left shoulder and kneeling carefully, he washed his hand in the ocean and held it there, submerged, for more than a minute, watching the blood trail away and the steady movement of the water against his hand as the boat moved.”

0 -Ernest Hemingway

Absolutes

0Absolute: a two-word combination-a noun and an ing or ed verb added onto a sentence.

0Absolutes utilize verbs; therefore, this brush stroke also adds action to an image.

Examples

0“The cat climbed the tree.”

0Does this work? Does it show or tell?

Good example

0 “Claws digging, feet kicking, the cat climbed the tree.”

0Was this better? Show or tell?

Absolute phrases

0Absolute phrases combine an absolute and a modifier.0 Modifiers: A word, phrase, or clause that functions as an

adjective or adverb to limit or qualify the meaning of another word or word group.

0Absolute phrases are to absolutes as participial phrases are to participles.

Absolute Phrases Examples

0 “Feet trembling on the snow covered rocks, the mountain climber edged along the cliff.”

0Which part of the sentence is the absolute and which is the modifier?

0Which is the noun that the absolute phrase adjective(fies)?

The comma as a telescope

0Think of that comma as a telescope controller. You have your basic sentence. Its ok on its own, but there isn’t enough detail. Use THAT COMMA, and ZOOM in with it.

0These participles, participial phrases, absolutes, and absolute phrases, help you add detail by ZOOMING in on your topic.

Image Grammar #3Painting with Appositives

0An appositive is: A word or phrase that clarifies the previous word or phrase and expands meaning. Created to make a statement more clear.

0For our purposes: a noun that adds a second image to a preceding noun.

0Like the absolute, the appositive expand details in the reader’s mind.

Why is this helpful now?

0Well, all image grammar is helpful in all form of writing, but…..

0Painting with appositives give clarity to your topic. This is especially helpful when writing a writer needs to make their subject especially clear

0Candy for who can guess why this would be good to use at this time in the semester….

For Example

0By adding a second image to the noun raccoon in the sentence “The raccoon enjoys eating turtle eggs,” the writer/artist can enhance the first image with a new perspective.

0 IS THIS BETTER:

CONT

0 “The raccoon, a scavenger, enjoys eating turtle eggs.”

0 Scavenger follows raccoon in the sentence; it’s set of with commas and enriches the image.

0The appositive ZOOMS in on the subject, making the image more complete.

EVEN MORE DETAILS?!

0Yes, tis true. You can add more!

0 “The raccoon, a midnight scavenger who roams lake shorelines in search for food, enjoys eating turtle eggs.”

0Pretty rad!!!

How the masters do it

0Observe how Cornelius Ryan uses appositives in June 6, 1944: The Longest Day.

0He could have written: “A phalanx of ships and planes bore down on Hitler’s Europe,” but instead, Ryan expanded the image with appositives and then extended the picture with further specific examples.

RYAN

0Plowing through the choppy gray waters, a phalanx of ships bore down on Hitler's Europe: fast new attack transports, slow rust-scarred freighters, small ocean liners, channel steamers, hospital ships, weather-beaten tankers, and swarms of fussing tugs. Barrage balloons flew above the ships. Squadrons of fighter planes weaved below the clouds. And surrounding this cavalcade of ships packed with men, guns, tanks, and motor vehicles, and supplies came a formidable array of 702 warships

Your turn

0Using the Lui’s topic from “Notes of a Native Son,” write his definition of the topic using APPOSITIVES!!!!!!

0Best one gets candy