StalinStalin

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I. Totalitarian StateI. Totalitarian StateA. Five Year PlansA. Five Year Plans

1. Plans focused on heavy industry, 1. Plans focused on heavy industry, transportation, agriculturetransportation, agriculture

2. High production goals2. High production goals3. Managers punished if goals weren’t met.3. Managers punished if goals weren’t met.4. Mixed results4. Mixed results5. Standard of living remained low.5. Standard of living remained low.

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B. Collective farmsB. Collective farms1. Peasants forced to work on collectives1. Peasants forced to work on collectives2. Resisted by killing animals, burning 2. Resisted by killing animals, burning

cropscrops3. Stalin blamed the Kulaks (wealthy 3. Stalin blamed the Kulaks (wealthy

farmers)farmers)a. Thousands killed or sent to work camps.a. Thousands killed or sent to work camps.b. Production fellb. Production fellc. Govt. seized all grain, many starved.c. Govt. seized all grain, many starved.d. 1932-Terror famine- millions diedd. 1932-Terror famine- millions died

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C. Stalin’s Terror TacticsC. Stalin’s Terror Tactics1. Secret police, torture, violent purges 1. Secret police, torture, violent purges

used.used.a. Spies, read mail, listening devices, controlled a. Spies, read mail, listening devices, controlled

the press.the press.b. Critics, complainers sent to the Gulag (work b. Critics, complainers sent to the Gulag (work

camps)camps)2. The Great Purge2. The Great Purge

a. 1934-1938 secret police started with Old a. 1934-1938 secret police started with Old Bolshevik party membersBolshevik party membersb. Targeted variety of citizensb. Targeted variety of citizensc. Show trials usedc. Show trials usedd. At least 4 million purgedd. At least 4 million purged

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3. Results of the Purge3. Results of the Purge

a. Increased Stalin’s powera. Increased Stalin’s powerb. Purged experts in industry, engineering, b. Purged experts in industry, engineering,

military, writers, thinkers.military, writers, thinkers.

D. Attempts to Control ThoughtD. Attempts to Control Thought 1. Propaganda1. Propaganda

a. Used as tool to build up “cult of personality” around a. Used as tool to build up “cult of personality” around himselfhimself

b. Bombarded public with propagandab. Bombarded public with propaganda c. Radios, loud speakers, movies, theaters, schools used.c. Radios, loud speakers, movies, theaters, schools used. d. Focused on Communist successes/evils of capitalismd. Focused on Communist successes/evils of capitalism

2. Artists/writers required to use 2. Artists/writers required to use socialist realismsocialist realism style. style.

a. Showed communism in positive light. a. Showed communism in positive light.

b. Non conformers faced persecutionb. Non conformers faced persecution

3. 3. RussificationRussification

a. 1936- USSR made up of 11 republicsa. 1936- USSR made up of 11 republics

b. Make all cultures more Russianb. Make all cultures more Russian

4. War on Religion4. War on Religiona. Attempted to destroy religious faitha. Attempted to destroy religious faithb. atheism became official state policyb. atheism became official state policyc.Religious leaders killed/sent to work campsc.Religious leaders killed/sent to work campsd. Writings of Marx and Lenin became “sacred” d. Writings of Marx and Lenin became “sacred”

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5. Society Under Stalin5. Society Under Stalin

a. New elite emerged as ruling classa. New elite emerged as ruling class

b. Top-members of Communist partyb. Top-members of Communist party

6. Benefits and Drawbacks6. Benefits and Drawbacks

a. All children went to school/free medicala. All children went to school/free medical

b. Housing scarce//lacked necessitiesb. Housing scarce//lacked necessities

7. Women7. Women a. Women had equalitya. Women had equality b. Access to education and workb. Access to education and work c. Worked in medicine, engineering, sciencesc. Worked in medicine, engineering, sciences

8. Foreign Policy8. Foreign Policy

a. a. CominternComintern-Encouraged world-wide revolution-Encouraged world-wide revolution

b. Brought “Red Scare” in U.S. b. Brought “Red Scare” in U.S.

c. Increased trade with westc. Increased trade with west

d. Joined United Nations.d. Joined United Nations.

9. Looking Ahead9. Looking Ahead

a.Stalin died 1953a.Stalin died 1953

b. USSR military superpowerb. USSR military superpower

c. People lived meager livesc. People lived meager lives