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INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF

SURVEYORS

INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION

INTERNATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION

STANDARDS OF COMPETENCE for

NAUTICAL CARTOGRAPHERS

S-8 Third Edition 2010

Guidance and Syllabus for Educational and Training Programmes

Published by : The International Hydrographic Bureau

4b, quai Antoine 1er B.P. 445

Monaco, MC 98011 Cedex MONACO

<[email protected]> <www.iho.int>

Comments arising from the experience gained in the application of the guidance and syllabus are welcome. They should be addressed to the Chairman of the International Board at the above address. This document is published periodically. Please check with IHB for the latest edition, including current amendments. Please consult the companion IHO publication C-6 "Reference Texts for Training in Hydrography", available from the IHB.

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INDEX 1. PREFACE ................................................................................................................. III 2. DEFINITIONS…………………………………………………………………………………......................... V 2.1 Categories of Programme .................................................................................... V 2.2 Minimum Standards………………………………………………………………………………………….V 2.3 Specialism Subjects .......................................................................................... VI 2.4 Knowledge……………………………………………………………………………………………………..VI 2.5 Practical Exercises and Training Projects……………………………………………………………VI 2.6 Experience ...................................................................................................... VII 2.7 Recognition .................................................................................................... VII 3. PROCEDURES FOR SUBMISSION AND RECOGNITION OF PROGRAMMES .................... VIII 3.1 Procedures for submission .............................................................................. VIII 3.2 Documentation to be submitted .......................................................................... IX 3.3 Procedure for Recognition Programmes ............................................................... XI 3.4 Register of Recognised Programmes ................................................................. XII 4. GUIDELINES FOR RECOGNITION OF INDIVIDUALS ................................................... XIII 4.1 Background, Board Philosophy and Processing concerning Schemes ................... XIII 4.2 Guidelines for National or Regional Schemes submitted for Recognition ............... XIV 4.3 Statement to be included in the scheme’s certificate .......................................... XVI 5. SYLLABUS OUTLINE ................................................................................................ XVI 6. DETAILED SYLLABUS .................................................................................................. 1 Basic 1 Mathematics and Statistics ..................................................................... 3 Basic 2 Information and Communication Technology ........................................... 5 Basic 3 Marine Geography ................................................................................. 6 Basic 4 Hydrography ....................................................................................... 7 Essential 1 General Cartography ............................................................................. 8 Essential 2 Nautical Cartography ........................................................................... 10 Essential 3 Nautical Cartographic Data .................................................................. 12 Essential 4 Nautical Cartographic Compilation ........................................................ 14 Essential 5 Nautical Chart Production .................................................................... 15 Essential 6 Legal Aspects ..................................................................................... 18 Essential 7 Spatial Information ............................................................................. 19 Essential 8 Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) ...................................................... 20 Specialism 1 Industrial and Engineering Survey Products........................................... 22 Specialism 2 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing .................................................. 24 APPENDICES I. Model for Proficiency and Experiences' Log Book ......................................................... 27 II. Guidelines for Practical Exercises. .............................................................................. 29 III. Certificate Model ...................................................................................................... 33 IV. Annual Assessment Report………………………………………………………………………................ 37

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1. PREFACE During the International Congress of Surveyors (FIG) at Wiesbaden in 1971, a Working Group was formed by Commission IV (Hydrography) to develop International Standards of Competence within the profession of surveying at sea. At the International Hydrographic Conference held at Monte Carlo in 1972, the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) set up a working group for the compilation of training programmes in hydrography conducted by Member States. In 1974, at the XIV FIG Congress in Washington, it was resolved that the FIG and IHO working groups combine to study and modify the Report of the FIG working group on Educational Standards. The Report of the joint FIG-IHO WG was accepted by the two parent bodies at their respective conferences in 1977. In consequence of similar resolutions passed at these conferences an International Advisory Board on Standards of Competence for Hydrographic Surveyors (the Board) was formed. Since then the Board has met annually and compiled and regularly updated "Standards of Competence for Hydrographic Surveyors" (the Standards). The intention of the Board in preparing these Standards is to provide guidance whereby individual surveyors may be trained and qualified in accordance with internationally accepted levels of competence. The Standards indicate the minimum degree of knowledge and experience considered necessary for hydrographic surveyors, and provide a set of programme outlines against which the Board may evaluate programmes submitted for recognition. The IHO Second Extraordinary Conference in March 2000 approved the development of a set of Standards of Competence for Nautical Cartographers. Immediately the need to establish a body that could develop these Standards was envisaged. Following some discussions, it was agreed that the FIG/IHO International Advisory Board on Standards of Competence for Hydrographic Surveyors (IAB) could be the appropriate body to lead the preparation of these Standards, with the contribution of other organizations such as the International Cartographic Association (ICA) and learned institutions running courses on nautical cartography. After coordinating with FIG and ICA authorities at the 2001 International Cartographic Conference held in Beijing, China, IHB recommended that IHO invite ICA as the third parent organization of the Board. Therefore, the Board changed its name to FIG/IHO/ICA International Advisory Board on Standards of Competence for Hydrographic Surveyors and Nautical Cartographers, developing new Terms of Reference. The first draft of the Standards was prepared by Captain Hugo GORZIGLIA (Chile) with the valuable support of the International Maritime Academy, and submitted for consideration to the IAB, through the IHB. The Board improved the text and decided to circulate it to several institutions for comments. The text of this publication is the result of the joint effort as described above and constitutes the First Edition of the FIG/IHO/ICA Standards of Competence for Nautical Cartographers. The First Edition is focused on nautical charting cartography in particular, but the Board recognizes that an expansion into other aspects of marine cartography may be included in future editions. The Second edition gathers changes and amendments agreed since the publication of the First Edition. The Board thanks all persons and institutions that contributed to this publication, and encourages comments contributing to future editions. In 2009 the IHO restructured its publications and the M-8 Standard was renamed S-8.

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The Third Edition synchronises procedures with those adopted by the Board for all its Standards of Competence and updates some of the requirements. It recognises that many production organizations are transitioning from traditional to completely digital production processes. The domination of digital cartography and the increasing use of and reliance on software systems and packages does not reduce or obviate the need for education and training in what might be termed "traditional" cartographic skills, knowledge and principles. If anything, the need is greater, since there have been many instances where an over-reliance on packages frequently results in less than desirable maps/charts. Successful nautical cartographers come from many related areas - they might be straight from school with some training in Cartography, ex-navigators, naval officers, geodesists, geographers, draftspeople, GIS trained people, software developers, land mappers, surveyors, hydrographic surveyors - almost any geo-type of area or discipline. In modern times, many of the traditionally accepted skills of the nautical cartographer remain absolutely essential - attention to detail, ability to synthesise myriads of different data sets, critical analysis of geographic data, awareness of the critical nature of the product and the reliance placed on it by the user at sea, the environment in which the product is made and also used, a flair for cartographic design, adherence to specifications, an openness to adapting available technologies and working to time-critical deadlines. These are not exclusive, but representative. Additionally, it is clear that nautical cartographers, at least those at a senior level, must be capable project managers, able to contribute to tender and project requirement documents, analyse tender responses, justify business cases in the charting context and deliver their final product utilising both public and private sector capabilities.

The Third edition includes a new and expanded section relating to the Recognition of schemes that maintain the competency of Individuals beyond their formal training and education. It also reflects the change of the Board’s name, which became “FIG/IHO/ICA International Board on Standards of Competence for Hydrographic Surveyors and Nautical Cartographers” as agreed during the 31st meeting. Finally S-8 introduces the requirement for a fee to be paid by submitting organizations. The Board thanks all persons and institutions that contributed to this publication, and encourages comments contributing to future editions.

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2. DEFINITIONS 2.1 Categories of Programme

Categories of programmes for nautical cartographers are defined with respect to the theoretical background and working knowledge of those who successfully graduate from such programmes. Only categories 2.1.1, 2.1.2 and 2.1.4 of programmes are considered suitable for international recognition.

2.1.1 Category A Programme - A programme which provides a

comprehensive and broad-based knowledge in all aspects of the theory and practice of nautical cartography and allied disciplines for individuals who will practice analytical reasoning, decision making and development of solutions to non-routine problems.

2.1.2 Category B Programme - A programme which provides a practical

comprehension of nautical cartography for individuals with the skill to carry out routine nautical cartographic tasks.

2.1.3 Unclassified Programmes - Programmes of training for support

personnel employed in hydrographic operations. Such programmes are defined according to local requirements and are not intended for international recognition.

2.1.4 Scheme(s) - the system of review, assessment and recognition of an

Individual to ensure that he/she possess the relevant and up to date competencies to perform the role of a Nautical Cartographer at the appropriate level.

2.2 Minimum Standards

2.2.1 Basic Subjects - These are the subjects underlying all aspects of nautical cartography. They contain the knowledge necessary for understanding the general principles of cartography most applicable to nautical cartography in particular, including mathematics, statistics, computer science, marine geography, marine geophysics, and hydrographic science.

Where knowledge of some or all of these subjects to at least the minimum Standards is a pre-requisite of admission to a programme, exemption from the requirement for that programme to cover the relevant subjects may be sought. See section 3.2.j with respect to such exemptions.

2.2.2 Essential Subjects - These subjects refer to cartography and especially to

nautical cartography, and are considered essential for all nautical cartographers and, together with the basic subjects plus at least one of the Specialism Subjects, form the nucleus of the academic syllabus within these Standards.

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2.3 Specialism Subjects

These subjects contain the knowledge required for different application areas of nautical cartography. At least one of these Specialism Subjects must be included in a programme submitted to the Board for consideration. 2.3.1 Specialism 1 – Industrial and Engineering Survey - Chart

Production – the design preparation and construction of specialized charts to present a compilation of data for offshore survey and engineering projects. This specialism shall provide a basis for the administration, processing and presentation of commonly used data types such as MBES, Side Scan Sonar, Video, Sub-Bottom Profiler and shall introduce the concepts associated with offshore and onshore data presentation and QC.

2.3.2 Specialism 2 – Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing - the

processing of remotely sensed data for the determination of coastlines, bathymetry and other cartographic features. Using remotely sensed data to compile and update maps / charts.

2.4 Knowledge

Two aspects of knowledge are content and level. Three levels of knowledge are defined. For each level, a list of active verbs is provided, which characterize appropriate competencies for that level. 2.4.1 Fundamental - Basic knowledge of the subject, normally not permitting

the candidate to apply it in actual cartographic work, except in the simplest of cases or under close supervision. Active verbs (indicating, recall, recognition and comprehension of materials): define, identify, describe, explain, differentiate, predict.

2.4.2 Practical - Knowledge of the subject as far as theory and principles are

concerned, sufficient to enable their application in practice in all common cartographic tasks. Active verbs (indicating application and analysis): apply, use, calculate, solve, classify, analyze.

2.4.3 Detailed - Thorough knowledge of the subject in all its aspects to enable

its application in all cartographic activities including the most difficult areas. Active verbs (indicating synthesis and evaluation): evaluate, select, design, specify, plan, create.

The minimum knowledge levels for each subject for both Category A and Category B programmes are detailed in the Syllabus, Section 6 below. For some subjects the content requirements for Category A and Category B programmes also differ.

2.5 Practical Exercises and Training Projects

Because nautical cartography is a theoretical as well as a practical discipline, every student attending Category A and B programmes is expected to be given hands-on experience by the instructors. This experience should form an important part of the student's assessment, and should be considered in two parts.

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2.5.1 Practical Exercises - Both Category A and B programmes should contain

practical cartographic exercises, for example: experiments, exercises, laboratory work and others designed to complement the theory component. Appendix II provides Guidelines for "Practical Exercises", in a form of checklist of tasks to be performed by each student.

2.5.2 Training Projects - Any qualifying programme should also include a

supervised and evaluated project. These projects should reflect the level of knowledge outlined in the syllabus, and a full report should be compiled and evaluated. For students of a Category A programme, a complex project is envisaged.

2.6 Experience

The Board is of the strong opinion that nautical cartographers must possess both education and experience to carry out their work effectively. It stresses that an aggregate period of at least one year of varied experience in nautical cartographic work is necessary to reach the minimum level of competence. Planning, chart design, data selection, quality control and quality assurance, chart production and others, are activities envisaged.

2.7 Recognition

2.7.1 Recognition of programmes. The Board provides recognition for programmes meeting internationally accepted standards. The Board will grant recognition to a programme (or appropriate combination of programmes) which satisfies the minimum Standards.

2.7.2 Recognition of individuals. The Board does not provide recognition to

individuals (see Section 4 for guidance).

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3. PROCEDURES FOR SUBMISSION AND RECOGNITION OF PROGRAMMES

3.1 Procedure for submission

3.1.1 Hydrographic offices, institutions and learned bodies offering nautical cartography programmes are invited to submit their programmes for review by the Board.

3.1.2 The Board encourages joint submission from institutions which can

collectively meet the minimum Standards for recognition but which on their own cannot meet all the requirements.

3.1.3. Institutions should inform the Secretariat of the Board, at the IHB address below, of their intention to submit programmes for review. The Secretariat, in turn, will provide the addresses of the Board members. It will then be the responsibility of the institution or organization concerned to dispatch a copy of its submission (as detailed in 3.2 below), in English and both as printed and digital copy to each Board member and the Secretariat.

The Secretariat of the Board

The International Hydrographic Bureau 4, quai Antoine 1er

B.P. 445 Monaco, MC 98011 Cedex

MONACO [email protected] www.iho.int

The submission deadline will normally be 31st December of the year prior to the next meeting. Should an institution miss the deadline it may be excluded from the review. If an extension to this deadline is requested the institution must contact the secretary at the earliest time in order that the Board may consider the request. The Board cannot review and recognize courses and schemes that are submitted outside of the above periods.

3.1.4 Correspondence and documentation concerning the international recognition

of programmes and schemes should be copied to a National Focal Point where appropriate. The National Focal Point in a country will normally be the Hydrographer in liaison with the national association representing the country in FIG or ICA. National Focal Points are expected to review a programme or scheme submission and comment upon its suitability for recognition prior to the submission. The submission may include a reference from the national focal point.

3.1.5 The Board will set fees for submissions. Payment must be received as

instructed by the Secretariat and no later than the deadline. Payment is to be made to the “FIG/IHO/ICA International Standards Board” account held by FIG. The secretary will provide the account and banking details as well as the amount of any fees due. The fees paid will be recorded and included in the summary of the accounts that will from a part of the annual report of the FIG/IHO/ICA International Standards Board. The summary account report will also detail how any monies have been allocated to the work of the Board.

http://www.iho.int/

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3.2 Documentation to be submitted It is the experience of the Board that a good submission is one of clarity with detailed cross referencing to the syllabus and modules. A good syllabus that clearly describes its structure, form and references is ideal. What is also helpful is detail on what might have been left out or what has been added and the reasons behind that. This is particularly relevant if technology is being updated. Although it is not expected that a submission will keep to a standard format or template it is important that the submission is comprehensive and adequately documented but not simply a copy of the syllabus texts. In summary, the easiest submissions with which to review are those that are clear, completely cross-related to the syllabus, include some photographs where helpful and are submitted with explanations of any deviations. The following information must be included in all submissions: 3.2.1 Information about the programme infrastructure. Each item in the following list should be described in the first Chapter of the submission.

a) Programme identification:

Name of the Programme: Institution submitting the Programme for recognition: Recognition sought: Specify

Category A: Category B:

Standard against which recognition is sought: S8 Third Edition [2010] S8 Specialisms offered: 1 2 3 Language(s) in which the Course is given:

b) Aims of the programme: The submission should, in this section, provide a clear narrative outline of the programme, with details of who it is for, how it is managed and where it fits in within the institution and national hydrographic environment. The section should describe the academic elements of the course and the objectives it has for each student and their general learning outcomes.

c) Entry requirements: Qualifications required for entry: Entry exemptions that may be given: Alternative qualifications that may be acceptable for entry: NOTE: For programmes seeking exemption of some or all the basic subjects, provide a clear indication of where students would previously have attained that knowledge, and a clear description of the formal procedures used to evaluate such exemptions. With regard to the pre-entry requirement for admission to any educational or training programme, the prospective student for a Category A programme should have a deeper theoretical ability in mathematics and applied physics than the candidate for a Category B programme.

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d) Programme capacity: Expected/actual number of students beginning the programme each year. For multi-year programmes, the expected total number of students progressing through the programme.

e) Staff list: For each instructor in the programme, provide a brief résumé, listing subjects in the programme for which they are responsible; Academic qualifications (degrees, etc.), Hydrographic experience, Authorships.

f) Facilities available to students: Equipment: Provide a list of relevant equipment/systems Software: List specific software (with emphasis on hydrographic and cartographic

software packages) Training aids: Laboratories: Training vessels: Library. List:

- total number of volumes held, - approximate number of hydrographically-relevant volumes, - other media available (e.g. charts, maps, audio-visual resources)

g) Programme structure: The programme may involve a series of modules and formal training sessions as well as additional practicals, tutorials and field experience. It is important that a submission is clearly described and sufficient detail is provided. It should as a minimum include:

a. Total duration of the Programme (in weeks or months or years). b. Table of programme modules (individual courses). For each module, identify where in the sequence of module it is to be taken by students, c. The duration (in weeks) of the module and d. The total number of lecture hours, supervised practical exercise hours, and unsupervised practical exercise hours (individual or team project hours) expected from an average student for that module.

The section should allow the Board to relate the module or lectures to the cross–reference table and tabulated course description.

3.2.2. Information about each module (course) in the programme

It is strongly recommended that this section is made very clear and contains a full cross-referencing of the S-8 Syllabus against the Course modules and subjects. This aids greatly in the assessment and enables the institution to better describe the programme in relation to the Standards.

a. The programme being submitted should be described in more detail than the S-8

Syllabus (Section 6), with a tabulation of contact of hours devoted to S-8 Syllabus subjects. In the tabulation, a distinction should be made between lecture hours, guided exercise hours, and – if significant amounts of learning are expected to occur outside scheduled class hours – the estimated out-of-class hours. The S-8

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Syllabus needs not to be considered as the most appropriate structure for a particular programme.

b. Representative examination papers covering all subject areas from the previous two years, which are taken by students during the programme (i.e. not only the final examination), showing the marking scheme and pass marks. This should not be taken as precluding newly developed programmes not yet able to satisfy these items.

c. A list of texts and reference material used for each subject area, with an indication of the editorial house/publisher, and year of publication.

d. Details of Practical Exercises as detailed in 2.5.1. e. Details of Field Training Projects as detailed in 2.5.2.

3.2.3. Cross-reference Table This table is the most important information used by the Board to assess

submitted courses. What this table contains is a map of the hours devoted to each topic in each course module described in 3.2.3, classified according to which S-8 Syllabus topic they are related to. The description should ensure that all elements are covered and that each course module contains the necessary references to match the teaching module with this table.

3.2.4 Internal assessment

The methodology adopted by the institution for internal assessment will need to be furnished in detail. The summary of the recent assessment undertaken for the programme in question (under review) will also need to be included. This should not be taken as precluding newly developed programmes not yet able to satisfy these items.

The institutions which do not have an internal assessment are encouraged to have one. A recommended template for the same is given at Appendix V. The Board may, from time to time, at its discretion seek the summary of internal assessment of the programmes under review or those already recognized.

. 3.3 Procedure for Recognition of Programmes

3.3.1 Board members will review the material submitted and discuss their findings at their annual meeting. Institutions representatives are strongly encouraged to attend the Board meeting, to present their programme, and offer clarifications that the Board may seek. The Board aims to inform the institution, or its representatives, of its decision at the Board meeting, but, may respond afterwards should it be necessary to do so.

3.3.2 The institution concerned should be prepared to allow an inspection party to visit, and meet staff and students involved. The members of the party are to be nominated by the Board.

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3.3.3 The Board will advise the institution of its findings. If a programme is adjudged to meet the Standards, the Board will issue a certificate to the institution, detailing the category and specialisms (if any) recognized.

3.4 Register of Recognised Programmes

Recognition is granted on the understanding that institutions undertake to update their programme content according to changes in technology as reflected in the latest edition of the Standards. The Board reserves the right to monitor programme syllabi as conforming with the current published Standards. The Board annually updates its Register of recognised programmes, which is published in the Board Annual Meeting report. Programmes that have been recognised within the previous six years are listed in this Register. To remain on the Register beyond six years, programmes will need to be resubmitted against the then-current Standards.

3.5 Certificate of programme completion

Institutions providing a programme which has been recognized as outlined in Sub-section 2.7.1, are encouraged to issue successful students with a certificate of programme completion. Such certificate may acknowledge that the programme has received the Board’s recognition, specifying the category of that recognition, as in the following example: “This programme has been recognized as meeting the requirements for FIG/IHO/ICA Standards of Competence for Hydrographic Surveyors, at the Category A level.”

3.6 Certificate of practical work proficiency

Appropriate national organizations, or alternatively institutions providing a programme which has been recognized, are encouraged to provide a certificate of practical work proficiency for successful academic students. It is suggested that such certificates be awarded only to students who present log book records demonstrating completion of at least 24 months of supervised work experience in nautical cartography, at least 50 % of which was practical. A model log book is shown in Appendix I. Institutes may consider it desirable for students to submit a project report to support the log book. The Board provides a mechanism for schemes of individual recognition and encourages the establishment of a national or regional scheme to replace the use of certificates of field proficiency.

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4. GUIDELINES FOR RECOGNITION OF INDIVIDUALS

The Board does not provide recognition to individuals directly. It does however seek to recognise formal systems and Schemes that review and assess individuals’ experience in order to provide them with recognition of their Competency. These Schemes offer to monitor and assess individuals at regular intervals and to register them in a formal system so that an individual may gain recognition at a level of Competency including Category A and Category B. 4.1 Background, Board Philosophy and Processes concerning Schemes for

Individual Recognition

The term “scheme” in this section means the system of review, assessment and recognition of an Individual to ensure an individual has the relevant and up to date competencies to perform the role of a surveyor at the Category A or Category B level. It is this system or scheme that the Board shall recognize on the basis of appropriate information to demonstrate a suitable level of competence is achieved and maintained.

4.1.1 In issuing the guidelines the Board fully recognizes and anticipates dialogue with

national bodies seeking such recognition as the guidelines are developed to a level of maturity acceptable internationally. In this sense, the guidelines are issued in this version of the Standards without prejudice.

4.1.2 The underpinning philosophy of the work of the Board in issuing Standards of

Competence is that Competence equals Knowledge plus Experience, and must be demonstrated. Thus, successful achievement by any individual of a Category A or B recognition within any scheme consists of BOTH successful completion of a course of study which addresses the topics within the relevant Standard AND a satisfactory period of relevant experience during which competence has been demonstrated. In addition, the Board notes that hydrographic and cartographic technology are constantly advancing, and that in order to maintain competence, an individual must pursue continuing professional training and education. Consequently national organisations and academic institutions may recognise individuals. Recognition for individuals should be based on completion of:

a) a programme as outlined in Sub-section 2.7.1, and

b) experience, as outlined in Section 2.6. c) a methodology to demonstrate and document competencies. d) continuing professional education and training

4.1.3 Submissions to the Board must be written in the English Language and should demonstrate the ability to monitor and assess individuals at the Category A and/or Category B level.

4.1.4 The Board shall approve the final wording on the Certificate awarded by the

Scheme.

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4.1.5 Validity by the Board to any scheme shall be for a maximum period of six years

from the date of recognition. 4.1.6 The Board declares that in publishing these Guidelines it is not its intention to

override or challenge any legal or procedural processes imposed upon the scheme by government or law.

4.2 Guidelines for National or Regional Schemes submitted for Board Recognition The Board shall expect the following elements in a national or regional scheme submitted for recognition: 4.2.1 The Board shall normally recognise only one Scheme per country or identifiable

region for S-8 and thus, a submission must clearly describe its authority and geographic area. It should include endorsements from the appropriate National Focal Point(s) which in turn should describe and authenticate with evidence (for example, approving and endorsing letters) the status of the scheme submitted. This shall include, where appropriate, the endorsement of academic institutions, government bodies and professional associations. The Board shall not arbitrate between competing schemes within one jurisdiction.

4.2.2 An individual classified by the submitting Scheme as having met the levels of

Category A or B must have completed a Category A or B course. It is required that the submitted scheme shall describe in detail how the accrediting process functions. Where prior learning and experience are taken into account within a scheme the processes undertaken by the accrediting body must be fully described and justified.

4.2.3 The Board shall expect adherence to its currently issued Standard(s) and shall

expect that a scheme will take into account the currency (or validity) of an individual’s experience. Currency will be clearer if the individual has recently satisfied a Course recognised by the Board and has also satisfied the experience minima. Where the recognition process includes vocational training a full detailed description is required by the Board.

4.2.4 The scheme should clearly articulate processes and sub-schemes of Continuing

Professional Development/Education (CPD) and show where and how these in turn build-up relevant units for recognition. Clear reference shall be made to the current S-8 syllabus to enable the Board to assess that the processes of CPD adopted provide relevant currency between Editions of the Standards for those individuals who originally qualified against earlier Editions of the Standards.

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4.2.5 The process whereby an individual can enter the scheme should be described in detail. Processes for application should be detailed, including all examples of documentation used. The Board considers that a scheme should include a degree of examination for entry which might include all or some of the following: interview, oral or written examination with recording of the process being retained to ensure objectivity. Examples of the process using an individual’s work and the records of the reviewers are to be submitted as part of the application process.

4.2.6 It is essential that an individual has recourse to an independent process of

appeal to any decision taken by the Panel which administers the entry process into a scheme. This process of appeal will not be to the Board. Appeals must be resolved satisfactorily at the national or regional level in accordance with standards of due process and objectivity. The Board’s interest is in assessing the efficacy of such a process. Thus, the Board will expect the submitting scheme to fully describe its adopted appeals process.

4.2.7 The Board shall expect to be able to assess from the documentation provided by

a scheme that peer recognition forms part of its system supervision. It follows that a scheme shall be administered by a panel comprising members who represent the wider hydrographic surveying and nautical cartography communities including, but not necessarily limited to, members representing its constituent organisations (government, professional, academic, National Focal Point as well as Offshore Industry and Ports where appropriate).

4.2.8 The processes of the scheme shall include clear record-keeping that details all

processes adopted: records of decision, timing, appeals, reasoning, forms and register, follow up processes for assessing currency (validity) etc.. These should be comprehensively detailed in the submission.

4.2.9 The scheme should advise the Board if there are other schemes within its area of

jurisdiction and detail how its own status has been defined and agreed in regard to those schemes. It should also detail its communication processes with such schemes with particular detail on the method it adopts to communicate and share its findings and how any differences or ambiguities are resolved. In particular it should describe how it deals with individuals making multiple applications and whether there is a degree of harmonisation, standardization of processes and reciprocity.

4.2.10 The scheme should publish its Rules and Processes together with its critical

dates. This shall be kept current and may be achieved by way of a website. Currency will ensure publication of relevant Rules and Processes before critical dates on which they impact.

4.2.11 A scheme can operate in the national language but see 4.1.3 above for the

Board’s language requirement for submission documentation.

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4.2.12 The Board reserves the right to inspect specific scheme documents, such as the Register of Individuals, where it feels this is necessary to aid it in its own recognition assessment process.

4.2.13 A scheme might within its own processes distinguish different levels of

competency. Where these exist they should be fully described and the Board will look for detailed cross-referencing to its own Standards and an explanation as to how such processes contribute to the overall system of accreditation and ongoing recognition of an individual’s competence.

4.2.14 A scheme might include an overall set of competencies as well as subsets based

on limits such as ports, bathymetry, shorelining etc.. Where these exist they should be fully described and the Board will look for detailed cross-referencing to its own Standards and an explanation as to how such processes contribute to the overall system of accreditation.

4.2.15 Where a submission considers it cannot meet the guidelines of the Board due to

government imposed procedures or legal requirements the Board will expect a fully detailed explanation sufficient for the Board to take them into account during its deliberations.

4.2.16 The Board shall look to the comprehensiveness of submitted Schemes and

completeness of documentation including, where relevant, documents which authenticate claims made in the submission and reserves the right to seek any clarifying documentation or explanation it needs to assist in its process of review.

4.3 Statement to be included in the scheme’s certificate Schemes providing a programme, which has been recognised as outlined in Sub-section 4.1, shall be required to issue successful candidates with a certificate of the successful assessment of their competence in relation to the programme or recognition scheme. Such a certificate may acknowledge that the scheme has received the Board’s recognition, specifying the level of that recognition, as in the following example: “This Assessment scheme has been recognised as meeting the requirements for Recognition of Individuals in the FIG/IHO/ICA Standards of Competence for Nautical Cartographers. The submitted scheme will include examples of certificates at all levels awarded by the scheme.

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. 5. SYLLABUS OUTLINE

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BASIC SUBJECTS B1 Mathematics and Statistics B1.1 Functions B1.2 Differential calculus B1.3 Integral calculus B1.4 Series B1.5 Matrix algebra B1.6 Complex variables B1.7 Co-ordinate Geometry B1.8 Plane trigonometry B1.9 Spherical trigonometry B1.10 Probability and Statistics B1.11 Units of measure B2 Information and Communication Technology B2.1 Computer fundamentals B2.2 Operating Systems and Basic S/W modules B2.3 Programming concepts B2.4 Communication tools and Internet B2.5 Database Management Systems B3 Marine Geography B3.1 General Geography of the Earth B3.2 Marine Geomorphology and Marine Geographic Features B3.3 Marine Geophysics B3.4 Ocean Processes B4 Hydrography B4.1 Hydrography and Navigation B4.2 Hydrographic surveys B4.3 Positioning B4.4 Depth determination B4.5 Hydrographic data management

XIX

ESSENTIAL SUBJECTS E1 General Cartography E1.1 Introduction to Cartography E1.2 Shapes of the Earth E1.3 Planimetric concepts E1.4 Spherical concepts E1.5 Geodetic concepts E1.6 Cartographic Principles E1.7 Cartographic Projections E1.8 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Basics E2 Nautical Cartography E2.1 Evolution and Characteristics of Nautical Charts E2.2 Nautical Chart Objectives and Classification E2.3 International and National Related Organizations E2.4 Electronic chart systems E2.5 INT Charts. Small and Medium Scales E2.6 International Nautical Chart Specifications E2.7 Nautical Chart Symbols and Abbreviations. E2.8 Cartographic Generalisation E2.9 Cartographic Schemes E2.10 General Nautical Chart Production Flow E2.11 Special purpose Nautical Charts E2.12 Related Nautical Publications E3 Nautical Cartographic Data E3.1 Metadata E3.2 Coastline and Topographic Data E3.3 Bathymetric Data E3.4 Horizontal and Vertical Datum E3.5 Digital Elevation Models E3.6 Navigation Hazards and Aids to Navigation E3.7 Oceanographic Data E3.8 Marine Geology and Magnetic Data E3.9 Sailing Directions and other Nautical Publications E4 Nautical Chart Compilation E4.1 Nautical Chart Design E4.2 Information Sources E4.3 Data Evaluation and Selection E4.4 Compilation of different features. Methods and procedures.

XX

E5 Nautical Chart Production E5.1 Introduction to Nautical Chart Production E5.2 Paper Nautical Chart Production (a) Introduction (b) Cartographic editing and product preparation. (c) Production of Originals (d) Materials (e) Color Proof (f) Reproduction Techniques (g) Quality Control and Quality Assurance (h) Maintenance E5.3 Digital Chart Production E5.4 Raster Charts (a) Raster Data Capture Method (b) Production (c) Distribution and Maintenance E5.5 Vector Charts (a) Vector Data Capture Method (b) Definition of Layers and Topology Creation (c) Chart Validation (d) Attribution E6 Legal Aspects E6.1 Marine Law and Product Liability E6.2 Copyright and Contracts E6.3 Law of the Sea E6.4 Delimitation zones E7 Spatial Information E7.1 Introduction to GIS E7.2 Geographic Information System concepts and Spatial Models E7.3 Geographic data in the computer. E7.4 Data acquisition and processing E7.5 Spatial databases. E7.6 Spatial Databases infrastructure E8 Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC)

E8.1 ENC Concepts

E8.2 International Standards

E8.3 ENC Production

E8.4 ENC Data Creation

E8.5 ENC Editing

E8.6 ENC Validation

E8.7 ENC Distribution and Maintenance

XXI

E8.8 ENC Product Specifications

E8.9 ECDIS Concept

SPECIALISM SUBJECTS SP1 Industrial and Engineering Survey Chart Production SP1.1 Introduction to Industrial Surveys SP1.2 Data and Chart Production SP1.3 Route Surveys SP1.4 Dredging Surveys SP1.5 Shallow Geophysical Site Surveys SP1.6 Video Surveys SP1.7 Geotechnical Surveys SP1.8 Chart and Product Design SP1.9 Chart and Product Quality Control SP2 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing SP2.1 Sensor Data Formats SP2.2 Geometric Modeling SP2.3 Data Management, Processing and Analysis SP2.4 Applications

XXII

1

6. DETAILED SYLLABUS

2

3

FIG/IHO/ICA INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD SYLLABUS – 3rd EDITION

Course Cross-reference

Item and Title Level A B

Both Category B and A

Only for Category A Volume & Page

Basic 1: Mathematics and Statistics

B1.1 Functions P- Describe and recognise various types of function such as: linear, monotonic, periodic and continuous. Explain limits of

functions, implicit and inverse functions. Solve problems using appropriate functions

B1.2 Differential Calculus PP Calculate gradients of simple functions.

Explain the meaning of higher order derivatives, partial differentiation and use of local minima and maxima. Apply differential calculus to problem solving.

B1.3 Integral Calculus P- Integrate simple functions and combinations of them using integration by parts and substitution. Calculate the area under a curve.

B1.4 Series P- Describe both finite and infinite forms of the binomial expansion. Classify series

as divergent or convergent by the application of tests. Apply Newton’s approximation method to find the roots of equations. Use Taylor and MacLaurin series to evaluate functions.

B1.5 Matrix Algebra PF Describe types of matrices and perform basic matrix operations such as: addition, multiplication and transposition. Solve simultaneous equations.

Perform simple matrix inversions. Calculate determinants and Eigen values.

B1.6 Complex Variables P- Describe complex numbers in both Cartesian and polar formats and the use of the Argand diagram. Calculate products, quotients, powers and roots of complex numbers.

4

B1.7 Co-ordinate Geometry PF Explain co-ordinate systems, Cartesian and polar co-ordinates. Identify linear and quadratic functions. Describe equations of lines and planes, the angle between lines and planes, the intersection between lines and planes and the distance from a point to a plane.

Describe conic sections, direction cosines and the parametric equations of curves and surfaces. Calculate the equations of lines and planes, the angle between lines and planes, the intersection between lines and planes and the distance from a point to a plane.

B1.8 Plane Trigonometry PP Describe relationship between triangles’ sides and angles. Use sine, cosine and tangent formulae.

Calculate triangle sides and distances.

B1.9 Spherical Trigonometry PF Describe the sphere, great circles, spherical

angles, spherical triangles and spherical excess.

Use the sine, cosine and 4 part formulae to

solve spherical triangles. Use Napier’s rules to solve right angled and quadratic triangles.

B1.10 Probability and Statistics

PP Classify errors. Describe the treatment of systematic and random errors in measurements. Describe the basic ideas of probability theory: mean, standard deviation, variance, co-variance, correlation, residuals and minimising the sum of the squared residuals.

Calculate errors and apply appropriate statistical tests. Estimate standard errors and weights. Conduct numerical analysis and approximation. Use Filtering and Smoothing techniques. Formulate Stochastic Models.

B1.11 Units of Measure PP Describe System International (SI), Imperial and other systems of units in common use. Classify

fundamental and derived units.

5






Basic 2. Information and Communication Technology

B2.1 Computer Fundamentals PF Explain how the following components interact to form a computer system: central processing unit, storage devices, storage

media, input and output ports and devices. Describe the input and output devices particularly useful in Geomatics and computer assisted cartographic systems.

List appropriate criteria for selecting computer systems for cartographic data acquisition, processing, management and

display. Explain the standards for interfacing peripheral devices: RS-232, USB, SCSI etc.

B2.2 Operating Systems and Basic S/W modules

PP Describe the architecture of operating system software, such as Windows, UNIX and Linux. List the functions and operations provided by an operating system. Operate common application software systems such as spreadsheet, word processor, graphics software, and internet browser.

B2.3 Programming concepts PF Program objectives. Describe software

development procedures: statement of requirements, graphics user interface (GUI) design, algorithm development, flowcharts, encoding, pseudocode. Define syntax, data types and data structures, control structures, arrays, pointers, functions, and file processing procedures for a modern programming language, such as Visual Basic, Visual C++, or Java.

Write simple computer routines using a modern programming language, to solve practical problems.

B2.4 Communication Tools and Internet

PP Explain the networking concepts underlying Internet and intranet communications. Describe the features, resources and security issues of the Internet. Conduct searches for specialized information using Internet tools.

Explain the different Internet access modes, and their bandwidths. Upload cartographic products to a web page. Implement basic web page design.

B2.5 Database Management Systems (DBMS)

PP Define different types of database management systems, and explain the architecture, functions and operations provided by each. Execute basic operations in a DBMS and use SQL.

Describe the development of an information system, built upon database management software.

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Course Cross-

reference




Basic 3: Marine Geography

B3.1 General Geography of the Earth

FF Describe the major components of the Earth System. Identify categories of land and water masses. Explain the plate tectonic theory.

B3.2 Marine Geomorphology and Marine Geographic Features

PF Explain the concept of marine geomorphology. Identify and describe marine geographic features, such as oceans, seas, channels, among others. Define coastline, bays, inlets, capes, among others. Describe siltation, erosion and different types of sediments. Describe coastal zones, various types of shoreline, continental shelves and marine geomorphology.

Analyse differences and relations between marine geographic features, formation, evolution and consideration for charting (e.g. areas of siltation, erosion and other dynamic processes). Identify coastal zones, various types of shorelines and explain the concept of continental shelves.

B3.3 Marine Geophysics

PF Describe geophysical aspects of marine geographic features; gravity , magnetic and seismic methods for mapping of marine features and the equipment required for such mapping techniques. Explain data acquisition and processing

Describe methodology employed for specific hydrographic works like measuring sediment thickness, slope measurement and geo-morphological processes of particular interest.

B3.4 Ocean Processes

PF Define the following terms, including units and normal ranges: salinity, conductivity, temperature, pressure, density and colour. Describe the relationship between temperature and salinity in relation to depth Define the general characteristics of climatic mean ocean currents. List the main physical oceanographic processes, such as wind driven, thermohaline and tidal currents. Describe the forces leading to horizontal and vertical tidal motions. Describe the nature of tides.

Explain the effects of solar radiation. Describe the optical properties of sea water. Explain temperature and salinity distribution and variation. Explain the relationship between winds, waves, swell, sea state. Employ tide and current models and prediction software.

7


Course Cross-

reference




Basic 4: Hydrography

B4.1 Hydrography and Navigation

PF Explain the relationship between hydrography and navigation. Differentiate types of navigation. Describe and identify the navigational hazards and

describe elements used as navigation aids.

Analyse relationship between hydrography and navigation.

B4.2 Hydrographic Surveys

PF Describe and explain hydrographic survey operations essential to ensure safety of navigation. Differentiate types of hydrographic surveys.

Analyse hydrographic data in the light of IHO survey specifications.

B4.3 Positioning DF Describe different methods used in hydrographic features' and sounding positioning. Describe the principles of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS).

Evaluate different positioning systems being used to locate depths and features. Understand the types and sources of uncertainty in hydrographic positions.

B4.4 Depth Determination

DF Explain different methods used to determine depth. Evaluate different depth determination methods used, including remote sensing based techniques. Understand the types and sources of uncertainties in depth measurements.

B4.5 Hydrographic data Management

PF Describe hydrographic data acquisition, processing, analysis and management procedures and systems. Explain the concept of hydrographic source database.

Classify hydrographic data in relation to its origin, management, archiving and storage products and applications used.

8






Essential 1: General Cartography

E1.1 Introduction to Cartography

FF Define Cartography. Describe different categories of maps and charts and their uses.

E1.2 Shapes of the Earth FF Describe the shape of the earth. Describe the figure of the earth as a geoid, as an ellipsoid of revolution, and as a sphere.

E1.3 Planimetric Concepts DP Define a plane. Explain limitations of the application of the planimetric concept. Calculate grid plane co-ordinates. Measure and calculate angles, distances and areas on a plane.

Specify cases where the planimetric concept should be applied.

E1.4 Spherical Concepts PP Describe the elements of the earth seen as a sphere. Explain and determine geographic co-ordinates of a location. Calculate differences in

latitude and longitude between locations. Calculate distances and bearings between locations.

Explain when and how the spherical approximation can be used.

E1.5 Geodetic Concepts DF Identify the parameters defining a datum. Identify different datums. Explain geodetic co-ordinates, distances and bearing (azimuth).

Differentiate between various coordinate systems on the ellipsoid. Calculate geodetic co-ordinates. Select appropriate datum for a specific area. Apply transformation models from different datums.

E1.6 Cartographic Principles PF Explain distortions produced when representing the shape of the earth on a flat surface.

Analyse distortions produced when representing the shape of the earth on a plane surface (particular scales, Tissot’s theorem, principal directions)

9

E1.7 Cartographic Projections

DP Compare and classify the properties of Equal Area, Equidistant and Conformal projections in all kinds of developable surfaces (cylindrical, azimuthal and conic). Describe grids and graticules on projections. Use computer packages to calculate Mercator and Transverse Mercator projection. Use these projections for the composition of a nautical chart.

Evaluate and understand distortions and select the most appropriate projection for a specific area / scale / objective. Calculate grids and graticules for most commonly used projections.

E1.8 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Basics

PF Describe geometrical principles of imaging and how to use images (air photos, satellite images) to define basic topographic features (coastlines, road network, etc.). List remote sensing techniques applicable to bathymetry and coastal mapping.

Interpret the results of photogrammetric and image processing for application to topographic feature delineation.

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Essential 2 - Nautical Cartography

E2.1 Evolution and characteristics of Nautical Charts

FF Describe the evolution and main characteristics of the nautical chart. Describe the characteristics of the projections used for nautical charts.

E2.2 Nautical Chart Objective and Classification

DP Explain the different uses of the nautical chart. Classify nautical charts according to scale, objectives, edition, presentation and production methods (paper - digital). Describe and explain the content of a nautical chart. Differentiate special purpose nautical charts. Use nautical chart for various applications.

Select an appropriate nautical chart for a specific purpose. Design a nautical chart for a specific purpose.

E2.3 International and National related Organizations

FF Identify National and International Organisations related to nautical charting. Describe the concept of an official nautical chart. Differentiate responsibilities in the nautical chart production. Describe the requirements of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) for the carriage of Nautical Charts (SOLAS ChapV, Regulations 2,19,27)

E2.4 Electronic Chart systems FF Identify different types of navigational electronic chart systems, such as Electronic Chart Display and Information system (ECDIS), Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) and Electronic Chart System (ECS). Explain the

differences between them. Describe the characteristics of Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC).

E2.5 INT Charts. Small and Medium Scales

DP Describe the concept of INT Charts. Explain standards for INT Charts production. Use INT Chart schemes.

Evaluate and apply INT Chart Schemes and Specifications. Create a cartographic scheme following the INT Chart concept.

11

E2.6 International Nautical Charts Specifications

DP Describe and apply international nautical charts specifications.

Evaluate and select the appropriate international specification according to the type of nautical chart under production.

E2.7 Nautical Charts Symbols and Abbreviations

DP Describe and use international nautical Chart symbols and abbreviations. (IHO Pub. M-4 ).

Identify the visual variables and their use in designing a symbol. Create special symbols when needed to portray a feature.

E2.8 Cartographic Generalization

DP Apply generalization techniques on point, line and area features.

Differentiate semantic and geometric generalization. Describe and apply different approaches for the generalisation of point, line and area features. Describe

E2.9 Cartographic Schemes DP Describe the need of chart schemes. Explain the logic under cartographic Schemes. Analyse cartographic schemes.

Design cartographic schemes. Specify considerations under which cartographic schemes should be developed.

E2.10 General Nautical Chart Production Flow

DP Define and explain the traditional and digital flowlines for chart production. Differentiate responsibilities under each component. Analyse a flow model and identify critical areas

Evaluate a flow model in operation. Create a flow model according to a given infrastructure

E2.11 Special Purpose Nautical Charts

DP Identify and use different types of special Purpose nautical charts and their objectives

(among others small crafts, fisheries, GEBCO, tourism, Coastal Zone Management,)

Design special purpose nautical charts considering requirements of client. Select

and evaluate information to produce special purpose nautical charts

E2.12 Related Nautical Publications

FF Identify and explain the content of Nautical publications as a complement to the nautical chart

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Essential 3: Nautical Cartographic Data

E3.1 Metadata PF Explain the purpose and importance of metadata.

Organize and utilize metadata sets for various spatial entities.

E3.2 Coastline and Topographic Data

DF Identify and explain different sources of information used to delineate the coastline and other topographic features.

Evaluate sources and specifications of data.

E3.3 Bathymetric Data DF Identify and explain different sources of information providing bathymetric data. Explain the concept of CATZOC (CATegory of ZOnes of Confidence)

Analyse the characteristics of bathymetric data. Evaluate sources and quality of data, from leadline to multibeam sonar and airborne LIDAR bathymetry.

E3.4 Horizontal and Vertical Datum

PF Identify the various types of datums used by various datasets. Explain the differences between these datums.

Apply and calculate datum transformation. Evaluate block shifts, “rubber sheeting” and other techniques of relating datasets, plus their advantages, limitations and disadvantages.

E3.5 Digital Elevation Models PF Describe the utilization of digital elevation

models for the production and portrayal of contours and other cartographic features.

Identify the methods for the creation of

digital elevation models using point and line data. Using appropriate software tools, create a digital elevation model and produce contours and other cartographic features, in relation to the scale and the category of the chart.

E3.6 Navigational Hazards and Aids to Navigation

PF Identify and explain various sources of information on navigational hazards and aids to navigation.

Analyse data and sources providing aids to navigation information.

E3.7 Oceanographic Data DF Identify and explain different sources of oceanographic information required for nautical charts

Evaluate the sources and characteristics of oceanographic data.

E3.8 Marine Geology and Magnetic Data

DF Identify and explain different sources of marine geology and magnetic information required for nautical charts

Evaluate the sources and characteristics of marine geology and magnetic data.

E3.9 Sailing Directions and other Nautical Publications

DF Identify and explain the content of nautical publications.

Analyse nautical publication content as applied to nautical chart production. Update nautical publications in response to new cartographic information.

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Essential 4: Nautical Chart Compilation

E4.1 Nautical Chart Design DP Describe the chart compilation process and flow line. Differentiate steps to be followed and calculate human resources and time.

Design and specify characteristics of the chart to be produced, such that it is appropriate for its intended use. Plan the execution of all activities involved in chart compilation.

E4.2 Information Sources PP Identify, compile and classify all source information. Analyse legacy nautical charts and reports. Define and describe source data diagrams and how data integration is carried out. Use source data diagrams in the compilation process. Explain Data quality implications relevant to scales, density, accuracy, time, different datums, technologies etc.

Construct source data diagrams. Calculate transformations needed to bring all data to a common horizontal and vertical datum.

E4.3 Data Evaluation and Selection

D-P Identify changes to chart content requiring Notices to Mariners. Describe Notices to Mariners, Radio Navigation Warnings, and block corrections to charts.

Evaluate the quality and select all appropriate sources of information relevant to the chart project. Explain the relevance of ISO standards in QA and QC for nautical charts. Identify and apply quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) processes for the compilation of nautical charts.

E4.4 Compilation of Different Features. Methods and Procedures

D-P Describe the methodology and the procedure for, and execute, the compilation of multiple sets of features, such as: bathymetric, topographic, navaids, geographic names. Use

appropriate hardware and software

Plan the compilation process. Evaluate and resolve conflicts found. Generalise and harmonize information at different scales with the use of appropriate software.

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Essential 5: Nautical Chart Production

E5.1 Introduction to Nautical Chart Production

P-F List the different types of nautical charts and their uses. Distinguish between the production requirements for nautical charts and other

categories of mapping.

Elaborate on the design and implementation of cartographic databases on a conceptual, logical, and physical level.

E5.2 Paper Nautical Chart Production

(a) Introduction D-D Describe advantages and disadvantages of paper nautical charts. Describe how production steps can be implemented in a computer assisted environment

Evaluate cost factors in producing and maintaining Nautical Charts.

(b) Cartographic Editing and product preparation

D-D Describe the methodology and the procedure for, and execute, the cartographic editing of the data. Design and generate marginal and grid information (layout elements). Use appropriate hardware and software

(c) Production of Originals P-P Describe steps and techniques used to prepare originals. Apply techniques and prepare originals using photo scribing and cutting, image setter, direct positives or other methods. Merge layers. Generate digital files with layers.

Select criteria to accept and reject data as appropriate.

(d) Materials D-D Identify and select different types of materials. Use material with appropriate tools. Describe material characteristics (plastics, paper chart, films).

(e) Color Proof D-P Describe procedure to make a color proof. Use appropriate elements and equipment to execute a manual / digital color proof.

Evaluate the results of a color proof and apply corrections to layers as needed.

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(f) Reproduction techniques F-F Explain various printing techniques. Describe the most common problems and solutions. Define environmental characteristics needed for printing. Describe and apply printing on demand procedures.

Evaluate the need for print on demand.

(g) Quality Control and Quality Assurance

D-P Describe and apply procedures for QC and QA required during the full process of manual and computer assisted nautical chart production. Prepare, record and report on the procedure followed.

Design special procedures for QC and QA to be applied to nautical chart production. Analyse and evaluate results of QC and QA procedures in accordance with the relevant ISO standards.

(h) Maintenance D-P Explain importance of keeping nautical charts

up-to-date. Describe and apply methods to update nautical charts (such as Notices to Mariners, block corrections, new editions)

Evaluate type of corrections and select the

most appropriate method to update a nautical chart.

E5.3 Digital Chart Production F-F Explain the concept, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of vector and raster charts. Identify examples of different types of digital chart products available.

Describe the characteristics of vector and raster data models, and the application of these models to digital chart production and maintenance

E5.4 Raster Charts

(a) Raster Data capture method

D-P Describe raster data structures. Explain scanning processes. Execute a rasterization

process.

Select appropriate sources and formats. Evaluate harmonisation of different source

data. Validate and control scanning processes.

(b) Production D-P Describe and explain the steps required to produce raster charts. Use appropriate software.

Select software for raster chart production

(c) Distribution and Maintenance

D-P Describe and explain the steps required to distribute and maintain raster charts.

Design an information flow to distribute and update a raster chart. Evaluate distribution and maintenance procedures.

E5.5 Vector Charts

(a) Vector Data capture method

D-P Describe the vector data structures. Explain vectorisation processes. Execute a vectorisation process. Convert raster to vector data and vice-versa, under supervision. Apply data harmonisation procedures

Select appropriate sources and formats. Evaluate quality of Raster to Vector and Vector to Raster transformations. Evaluate harmonisation processes. Conduct validation and control of digital data.

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(b) Definition of layers and topology creation

P-P Prepare different types of layers using appropriate software tools. Explain and build topology using software tools.

Evaluate layer content and topology, and resolve conflicts.

(c) Chart Validation D-P Explain and describe criteria for vector chart validation. Use appropriate software for chart validation.

Evaluate the results of chart validation.

(d) Attribution D-P Apply codes and assign appropriate attributes to objects, following standards and using software tools.

Evaluate coding and assignment of attributes to objects.

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Essential 6: Legal Aspects

E6.1 Marine Law and Product Liability

FF Explain legal liability of the Nautical Cartographer for their chart products.

Review case law relevant to cartographic liability. Describe the basic process of marine accident investigations and court cases, in relation to the quality, correctness and proper use of nautical charts.

E6.2 Copyright and Contracts P F Describe copyright and bilateral arrangements. Explain contractual considerations in planning and producing nautical charts.

E6.3 Law of the Sea P F Describe the historical development of the Law of the Sea. Explain its influence on nautical cartography.

Incorporate provisions of the Law of the Sea, in planning and specifying nautical charts.

E6.4 Delimitation zones DF Describe the nature, characteristics, and

delimitation of: Baselines, Interior/internal waters, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone, Continental Shelf, High Seas, boundaries between States with opposite or adjacent coasts, and other delimitations.

Calculate distances, areas and determine

outer limits of Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf based on available data and according to the Scientific and Technical Guidelines of the UN Commission on Limits of the Continental Shelf.

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Course Cross-

reference

Item and Title

Level A B



Essential 7: Spatial Information

E 7.1 Introduction to GIS

P F Define a GIS and its functionality (concepts, components, scope and application) Explain the relationship of GIS to other fields Distinguish CAD systems and GIS.

Identify various GIS and their strengths and/or weaknesses.

E 7.2 Geographical Information concepts and Spatial Models

P - Identify conceptual models of spatial information Elaborate on alternative representations of spatial information

E 7.3 Geographic data in the computer

P P Describe the ways in which spatial data may be efficiently coded into a computer system to support the operations of a GIS

Elaborate on topology and its utilization

Elaborate on data quality and data exchange standards as described by ISO. Identify various geographic data formats

including “open” formats [XML, GML, SVG]. Perform basic data conversion functions [raster to vector and vice versa]

E 7.4 Data acquisition and processing

P F Identify sources of geographical data, data collectors and providers. Describe data acquisition [manual, semiautomatic, automatic], preliminary data processing, data storage, retrieval and display Use a system to perform data capture, geo-

referencing, storage, update, retrieval, query and output operations on spatial data sets.

Explain various data visualisation techniques. Select appropriate visualisation techniques for a specific problem.

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E7.5 Spatial Databases

P F Describe and use a relational database. Explain the structural differences between spatial and non-spatial databases. Describe their use in relation to the framework of a Geographic Information System.

Elaborate on conceptual, logical and physical modelling of spatial databases Design and build a spatial data base Describe and use spatial query languages Understand concepts and design principles of metadata databases. Understand various models of database structuring. Formulate database queries using GIS and DBMS query languages

E7.6 Spatial Data Infrastructure

F P Explain Spatial Data Infrastructure Elaborate on Spatial Data Infrastructure as means of facilitation and coordination for the exchange and sharing of spatial data among data providers and users in the spatial data community.

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Essential 8: Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC)

E8.1 ENC Concepts F F Define the Electronic Navigational Chart. Explain constraints in electronic chart production. Explain ENC as a product.

Explain the concept and purpose of Marine Information Objects (MIO), and list some potential data types. Explain the

Additional Military Layer (AML) concept.

E8.2 International Standards P F Identify the content of international digital chart standards, such as IHO S-52, S-57, -S61, S-65. Interpret and make use of information provided by such standards. With specific reference to ENCs, explain Object Based Data Bases. Explain the general principles underpinning chart data visualisation. Describe Presentation Library.

Use appropriate software to demonstrate the display of ENC data in ECDIS utilizing symbols of the presentation library.

E8.3 production DP Describe ENC Production Requirements. Apply processes to ensure synergy between paper and ENC production techniques. Apply production requirements within approved Quality Management System.

Specify ENC Production Requirement. Design production processes to ensure synergy between paper and ENC production techniques. Design appropriate Quality Management Processes.

E8.4 ENC Data Creation P P Describe, explain and apply ENC cell base concept. Make use of appropriate software for ENC production.

Design and plan an ENC database, taking into account digital generalization factors (such as SCAMIN).

E8.5 ENC Editing D P Describe characteristics of ENC editing processes and edit an ENC, using appropriate software.

Design and plan an ENC portfolio

E8.6 ENC Validation D P Explain quality requirements as applied to ENC. Identify the content of IHO S-58

standard. Use validation software.

Specify and test software for ENC validation, using the IHO ENC Test Data

Set. Evaluate accomplishment of minimum standard performances. Evaluate validation results, and resolve conflicts.

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E8.7 ENC Distribution and Maintenance

D F Explain ENC distribution and maintenance methods. Describe the content of IHO S-63 standard. Explain the IHO World-wide Electronic Navigational Chart Data Base (WEND) concept. List the existing Regional Electronic Chart Co-ordinating Centres (RENC)

Design an information flow to distribute and update ENC. Evaluate distribution and maintenance procedures.

E8.8 ENC Product Specifications

DF Describe and explain S-57 dataset topological model (objects, object classes, attribute classes, master/slave objects. Describe, explain and apply the IHO object catalogue.

Describe and apply the use of the S-57 dataset topological model and the IHO object catalogue for aggregation objects and association objects.

E8.9 ECDIS Concept – Operational Use

DF Explain ECDIS as a system. Describe the ECDIS type-approval process. List the type-approved ECDIS systems. Use appropriate software to demonstrate the operational use of ECDIS in basic route planning and route monitoring.

Explain the difference between ENC and System Electronic Navigational Chart (SENC). Explain the integration of ECDIS with other navigational systems, such as GPS, compass, AIS, radar, ARPA etc. Demonstrate the manual, semiautomatic and automatic updating of ENCs installed on ECDIS. Discuss the benefits and risks of electronic charts from a shipboard perspective.

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Specialism 1: Industrial and Engineering Survey Chart Production

SP1.1 Introduction to

Industrial Surveys

P-P Describe the various types of surveys

undertaken and the requirement for charts, the information contained and their layout and format. Differentiate between various specifications (e.g. UKOOA, IMCA, MMS)

Explain the different types of data

collected and their impact on the coverage, chart parameters and data presentation methods for specific types of surveys.

SP1.2 Data and Chart Production

D-F Describe the various strategies for producing chart products for Industrial Surveys. Differentiate between the various data types their volumes and formats. Describe the steps required to process field data through calibrations, editing, cleaning and QC steps to produce a field chart product.

Specify data flows for certain types of surveys and evaluate areas of risk or weakness in the approach. Design and produce a Chart Production Plan showing the data processing and charting tasks, the time, resources and sequence.

SP1.3 Route Surveys D-F Describe the methodology and the procedure for the production of charts and data products for a pipeline or cable route survey. Explain the use of vertical exaggeration in digital elevation models and profiles..

Plan the compilation process and describe how the data shall be presented. Evaluate the use of different presentation methods and their impact upon any generalisation or harmonisation of information at different scales/layers. Create sample chart products

SP1.4 Dredging Surveys P-P Describe stages in the production of charts in support of dredging operations. Evaluate the methods for describing the volumes of material.

Apply techniques and prepare sample charts.

SP1.5 Shallow Geophysical Site Surveys

P-F Explain the requirements of site surveys and outline the types of charts required to adequately report and represent the data collected. Describe how multiple vertical layers may be depicted.

Differentiate between the roles of the surveyor and geophysicist and their contribution to the data presentation process. Produce sample charts to reflect various survey requirements e.g. drilling site survey and a marine anchoring activity.

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SP1.6 Video Surveys P-F Describe the procedure to produce a video survey. Describe the various formats and types of data available and differentiate when they may be most appropriate. Explain the process of video eventing and describe how the information observed on a video is related to other data products such as charts.

Evaluate the use of colour or grayscale imagery. Produce a video with annotation and events in association with a paper chart. Describe the various methods for the delivery of video data products.

SP1.7 Geotechnical Surveys P-F Describe the types of data obtained and the

methods for presenting this data both in written and graphical form.

Produce sample charts to reflect the various data requirements.

SP1.8 Chart and Product Design

P-F Explain the difference between 2-D and 3-D representation when applied to paper and other media. Describe the process required to create imagery (colour DTMs, mosaics etc) on paper charts.

Create sample paper products that include numerous data types with 2-D and 3-D representations and imagery. Produce sample electronic or digital media representations of 2-D and 3-D data including imagery.

SP1.9 Chart and Product Quality Control

D-P Verify and control the quality of data for specific charts. Describe when, where and how this task fits within the production process.

Design a data processing and production process that includes rigorous quality control steps.

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Specialism 2: Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

SP2.1 Sensor Data Formats DP Identify the characteristics of the common satellite and photogrammetric sensor formats,

such as EROS, IKONOS, SPOT, Landsat, panchromatic, etc.

Define geometric and radiometric accuracy. Select the most appropriate

data sources for the compilation and updating of a nautical chart.

SP22 Geometric Modeling DP Ingest and georeference raw photogrammetric and satellite data.

Specify the required resolution for digital elevation data. Import and display digital elevation data. Produce orthorectified images.

SP2.3 Data Management Processing and Analysis

DP Display and edit vector data. Use orthoimages to delineate and update cartographic features.

Export data to different geodetic systems and image formats. Execute multispectral image processing and analysis. Execute supervised and unsupervised image classification. Combine data sets from different sensors / acquisition systems into a single image. Describe and execute resampling through cubic convolution, bilinear interpolation, and nearest neighbour processes, and select the most appropriate method for a specific application.

SP2.4 Applications PF Describe how laser and radar altimetry are used for water surface mapping. Describe the use of remote sensing for oil spill mapping.

Process remotely sensed data to determine bathymetry and map water surface features.

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APPENDICES

26

27

APPENDIX I

MODEL LOG BOOK FOR PROFICIENCY AND EXPERIENCE

Candidate : ____________________________________________________________

DATES

TOTAL

DESCRIPTION WORK

LOCATION

SUPERVISOR TITLE

FROM

TO

WEEKS

& SIGNATURE

01-01-15

01-02-20

01-05-01

01-02-15

01-04-20

01-08-30

4.0

8.0

17.0

Responsible for compiling chart No 1234. In charge of updating charts No 4321, 432, 43 and 4. In charge of ENC production of River XXX .

HO "xx"

Party chief

Cartographic Dept.

01-10-01

01-12-01

8.0

Design and development of software to merge geographic names data into planimetric information.

Hamburg

Executive Officer CharttMap Co.

02-01-05

02-05-30

21.0

Responsible for executing the raster cartographic program including scanning and evaluation of

products.

Dept. of land and Survey

Chief Land and Survey Section. Ministry of

Lands.

Total period 58.0

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APPENDIX II

GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE 1. The (educational) purpose of the practical experience period is to give every student experience in performing as many of the nautical cartography tasks as possible.

2. The period of practical experience should ideally follow as closely as practicable the student’s exposure to the theoretical lecture material. 3. Students should receive an overall briefing as to the aim of the practical experience period and the expectations for its successful completion. 4. Adequate reference material should be made available to students, including source documents, equipment and systems manuals, where appropriate. 5. Adequate procedures must be in place to ensure that the work is legitimately that of the student. 6. In the case where students need to work in teams, every student must be exposed to each requirement and demonstrate their proficiency. 7. A checklist of tasks to be performed by each student during the practical experience period should be prepared, and provided to the students well in advance. 8. The practical experience period should be structured in such a way that every student submits a completed piece of work to demonstrate their achievement (NB – this piece of work need not be, but can be, a complete chart). 9. The evaluation of student achievement in practical exercises should form a significant part of the student’s performance assessment for the entire programme.

CHECKLIST OF TASKS TO BE PERFORMED BY EACH STUDENT:

INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Perform the basic tasks of operating systems: e.g. Windows, Unix, Linux

Connect peripheral devices [printers, plotters, digitizers] to the system using the appropriate driver. Resolve problems.

Operate common application software systems such as spreadsheets, word processors, graphics software and Internet browsers.

Establish a website and an FTP site and utilize them for the delivery of data files and computer programs.

Develop the algorithm, flowchart and programming code to solve practical problems (A only)

Build and use a database in a DBMS environment (A only)

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Hydrography

Participate in hydrographic data acquisition, processing and analysis procedures

Evaluate the results of a hydrographic survey General Cartography

Select the most appropriate projection for a specific area / scale / objective.

Calculate grids and graticules for most commonly used projections.

Transform geographic coordinates to projection coordinates and vice versa for the projections used for nautical charts

Perform basic measurements [distances, angles, areas] on a chart taking into account the distortions of the projection of the chart.

Compute coordinates of positions on various datums (A only)

Nautical Cartography

Evaluate a geographic area for charting purposes and design a nautical chart for a specific purpose

Evaluate the source material to be used for the compilation of the chart

Compose a nautical/special purpose chart, following a widely adopted production flow scheme

Apply generalization procedures

Consult and utilize other publications [pilots, notices to mariners, list of lights] for the production of a nautical chart

Edit a nautical/special purpose chart composed by others using QC and QA procedures in force

Evaluate the results of a colour proof and apply corrections to layers as needed

Create (A only) and/or use the appropriate symbols- abbreviations library [National - International]

Delineate baselines, territorial sea, continental shelf and other boundary lines on a chart incorporating provision of the Law of the Sea (A only).

Computer assisted cartography – ENC Production

Register a map/chart and evaluate the quality of transformation through the RMS error. Improve registration results.

Digitize/scan source material, create vector/raster data files and transform the resulting files to a common coordinate system

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Execute raster to vector conversion using automatic/semi-automatic techniques

Apply edit procedures for the correction of the digital files

Build the topological relations of the digitized features

Relate the geometry of the digitized features with their attributes residing in a database

Convert a digital file [containing spatial features] into/from an exchange standard format

Compose a nautical/special purpose chart utilizing a software package according to the adopted specifications

Apply generalization algorithms for point, line and area features

Build/utilize appropriate symbol library

Create/utilize appropriate color tables

Implement digital chart updates

Produce colour separation files using digital techniques Geographic Information Systems

Import/export data from a GIS to a CAD system and vice versa

Use a GIS to perform data capture, retrieval, query and output operations

Execute single/multiple layers operations

Execute network, surface and grid analysis

Use static/dynamic visualization techniques for the display of the analysis results

Build a spatial database using a DBMS

Create a digital continuous surface model using both TIN and tessellation processes (A only - including Kriging)

Design a spatial database on a conceptual, logical and physical level (A only)

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33

APPENDIX III CERTIFICATE MODELS

A) Model Certificate of the FIG/IHO/ICA International Board to recognized Courses B) Model Certificate to individuals issued by National Institutions

A)

35

UNIVERSITY OF X

SCIENCES FACULTY

This is to certify that

Mr. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

was admitted to the degree of bachelor of Surveying Science (Hydrographic Survey) with class 1 honours on ……………………….. of ……………………………… 200x

This course is recognized by the FIG/IHO/ICA Board on Standards of Competence for Hydrographic Surveyors and Nautical Cartographers as meeting the requirements prescribed for a Category ……………….. course with Specializations…………………………

Signed at …………………………….. Dated at …………………………….

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37

APPENDIX IV

Annual Assessment Report Program:…………………

Academic Year: 20xx-20xx

Due to ΙΒSC secretariat by December 31st 20xx Name of Program: ________________________________________ Name of Contact Person: __________________________________________________ Names of Assessment Committee Members: __________________________________

A. Identify the goal/outcome assessed this academic year.

B. Identify and/or describe the assessment and the student group(s) assessed

C. What did you learn from the assessment?

D. Based on what you learned, what actions did-or will-you take or consider?

E. Are follow-up studies planned?

F. What can the School do to help? What can the University do?

G. What actions, if any, did you take based on last year’s assessment findings? STATISTICAL PROCESSING

a. per module b. per programme 1. Total number of evaluation sheets 2. Number of valid evaluation sheets 3. Mean 4. Median 5. Standard deviation 6. Minimum 7. Maximum

At the end of each module, the students are asked to fill in an anonymous questionnaire form that constitutes a significant tool for the internal assessment of the course. Internal assessment is the appraisal process performed by the institution responsible for the programme. Note: A negative assessment must be accompanied by additional comments or remarks justifying the assessment.

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Course module assessment template MODULE: ___________(one for each module)

General assessment of the module; [range 1(unsatisfactory) to 5 (fully satisfactory)]

Contribution of the module to the programme as a whole [range 1(none) to 5 (very important)] Overlapping of topics in different modules [range 1(seldom) to 5 (often)] Completeness of topics within the module [range 1 (incomplete) to 5 (complete)] Course organization vs. exam preparation [range 1(unsatisfactory) to 5 (fully satisfactory)] Quality of course materials [range 1(unsatisfactory) to 5 (fully satisfactory)]

Sufficient number of lecture hours [range 1(insuffient) to 5 (absolutely sufficient)]

Sufficient number of lab/field/exercise hours [range 1(insuffient) to 5 (absolutely sufficient)] Contribution of the assigments/lab/field work to the understanding and assimilation of the module content [range 1(negligible) to 5 (important)]

Student characteristics Difficulty in following the course

[range 1(negligible) to 5 (high)] Sufficient prerequisite knowledge [range 1(negligible) to 5 (high)] Own effort – participation in the course [range 1(negligible) to 5 (high)]

Percentage of lectures attended [range 1(under 50%) to 5 (100%)]

Comments:

Instructor’s assessment template Instructor’s Name: Module: Teaching methods [range 1(unsatisfactory) to 5 (fully satisfactory)] Knowledge of the subject [range 1(unsatisfactory) to 5 (fully satisfactory)] Instructor was well prepared for class [range 1(unsatisfactory) to 5 (fully satisfactory)] Instructor presented objectives/material of course clearly/effectively [range 1(unsatisfactory) to 5 (fully satisfactory)] Instructor provided sufficient reference material [range 1(insufficient) to 5 (sufficient)]

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Instructor encouraged discussion and/or questions [range 1(unsatisfactory) to 5 (fully satisfactory)] Instructor answered questions effectively [range 1(ineffectively) to 5 (very effectively)] Instructor showed respect for students [range 1(unsatisfactory) to 5 (fully satisfactory)] Instructor’s availability for consultation out of class [range 1(unsatisfactory) to 5 (fully satisfactory)] Relationship with the instructor [range 1(unsatisfactory) to 5 (fully satisfactory)] Coordination with the other instructors [range 1(unsatisfactory) to 5 (fully satisfactory)]

Documents

STANDARDS OF COMPETENCE for NAUTICAL CARTOGRAPHERS · PDF fileSTANDARDS OF COMPETENCE for NAUTICAL CARTOGRAPHERS ... set of Standards of Competence for Nautical ... Where knowledge