STATISTICS OF JEWS - AJC Archives · STATISTICS OF JEWS The present article on Statistics of Jews follows, in the main, the arrangement of data developed in previous issues ... Pomorze

STATISTICS OF JEWS

STATISTICS OF JEWS

The present article on Statistics of Jews follows, in themain, the arrangement of data developed in previous issuesof the YEAR BOOK.

Ordinarily, the article would consist of five sections,to wit:

A. The Jews of the United StatesB. The Jewish Population of the WorldC. Jewish Immigration to the United StatesD. Jewish Immigration to Other CountriesE. Jewish Immigration to Palestine

This year, Section A, which was based on a study madein 1927, has been omitted, because Dr. H. S. Linfield haspresented in another place in this volume the results ofa study of the Jewish population of the United States for1937, which he recently completed.1 Sections B, C, D, andE, based on official statistics or on estimates, are given infull, with the exception that the cities of the United Stateshave been omitted from Table XV, for reason stated above.

The figures for European countries are those of the latestofficial censuses, taken in all cases before the outbreak ofthe present war. These tables do not reflect territorialchanges which have occurred since. The effect of thesechanges, however, based on latest available estimates ofreliable authorities, is discussed in a special note entitled"Changes in the Distribution of the Jewish Population ofEurope 1933-1940," and prepared by Mr. Moses Mosko-witz, a member of the research staff of the Library of JewishInformation of the American Jewish Committee.

1See above, pp. 215-266.

590 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

LIST OF TABLES

A. The Jews of the United States'-

TABLE PAGE

I: PRINCIPAL JEWISH COMMUNITIES OF THE UNITED STATES,CONGREGATIONS REPORTED, JEWS IN PRINCIPAL AND INSUBORDINATE COMMUNITIES, 1877-1937 218

II:" GROWTH OF JEWISH COMMUNITY OF THE UNITED STATES,1877-1937 218

III : DISTRIBUTION OF THE JEWS OF THE UNITED STATES INRURAL AREAS AND IN URBAN PLACES, BY SIZE OFPLACE, 1927 AND 1937 220

IV: JEWS OF THE UNITED STATES, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION,1917, 1927, 1937 222

V: JEWS OF THE UNITED STATES IN RURAL TERRITORY ANDIN URBAN PLACES, CLASSIFIED BY SIZE 1927 AND 1937. 223

VI: PRINCIPAL JEWISH COMMUNITIES AND SUBORDINATE JEW-ISH COMMUNITIES, CLASSIFIED BY SIZE OF-J-HE JEWISHPOPULATION, 1927 AND 1937 224

VII: JEWS OF CITY OF NEW YORK AND PERMANENT CONGREGA-TIONS, BY BOROUGHS, 1927 AND 1937 225

VIII: JEWS OF THE UNITED STATES, DISTRIBUTION BY STATES,1917, 1927 AND 1937 227

B. The Jewish Population of the World

IX: JEWS OF AMERICA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS ANDCOUNTRIES 601

X: JEWS OF EUROPE, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS ANDCOUNTRIES 602

XI: JEWS OF AFRICA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS ANDCOUNTRIES 603

XII: JEWS OF ASIA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS ANDCOUNTRIES 604

XIII: JEWS OF AUSTRALASIA, BY COUNTRIES 604XIV: LIST OF COUNTRIES AND THEIR JEWISH POPULATIONS . .605XV: LIST OF IMPORTANT CITIES AND THEIR JEWISH POPU-

LATIONS 606

C. Jewish Immigration to the United States

XVI: JEWISH IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED, DEPARTED, DEBARRED,AND DEPORTED, 1939 612

XVII: JEWISH IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED, BY SEX, AGE, CONJU-GAL CONDITION, ETC., 1939 613

XVIII: DESTINATION OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTS, BY STATE,1939 614

STATISTICS OF JEWS 591

TABLE PAGE

XIX: PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF LAST RESIDENCE OF JEWISHIMMIGRANTS, 1939 615

XX; PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF LAST RESIDENCE OF JEWISHIMMIGRANTS,, 1940 616

XXI: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITEDSTATES, 1881-1939 617

XXII: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITEDSTATES, 1908-1939 618

XXIII: JEWISH IMMIGRANTS DEBARRED AND DEPORTED, 1899-1939 619

D. Jewish Immigration to Other American Countries and Africa

XXIV: JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO CANADA, 1939 623XXV: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO CANADA, 1901-

1939 624XXVI: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO CUBA, 1929-1937 624

XXVII: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO BRAZIL, 1925-J 9 3 8 625

XXVIII: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO URUGUAY, 1927-1937 625

XXIX: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO ARGENTINE, 1913-1938 626

XXX: IMMIGRATION TO UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA, 1930-1938. . 626

E. Jewish Immigration to Palestine

XXXI: JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE, BY MONTHS, 1939 630XXXII: JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE, BY CATEGORIES,

1939 631XXXIII: PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF JEWISH IMM-

GRANTS TO PALESTINE, 1939 631XXXIV: SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE, 1917-

1939 632


A. THE JEWS OF THE UNITED STATES

The results of a recently completed study of the Jewishpopulation of the United States in 1937 are contained inthe article by H. S. Linfield, Jewish Communities ofthe United States." (See above, pp. 215-266).

B. JEWISH POPULATION OF THE WORLD

On the basis of the latest available authoritative sources,the total number of Jews in the world is here estimatedat 15,757,000. Of that number, 7,428,000 reside in a groupof countries bordering upon one another, located on thecontinent of Europe, which may be designated as the regionof Central Europe. This region includes Poland, Danzig,Lithuania, Latvia; Czechoslovakia, Hungary; Roumania,Russia (Crimea, Ukraine, and White Russia). In thisregion the Jews constitute fully 5J^% of the total popu-lation. Five million live in North America and the WestIndies, where the Jews constitute nearly 3% of the totalpopulation; 570,000 Jews live in Palestine and the sur-rounding countries of Arabia, Iraq, and Syria, constitut-ing 3.16% of the total population of that region. Over450,000 Jews reside in the Arab-speaking countries ofNorth Africa, namely, Tangiers, Morocco, Algeria, Tunis,Libya, and Egypt; in this region the Jews form 1.3% ofthe total population. In addition to these regions, theproportion of Jews to the total population is considerable inThe Netherlands (nearly 2%) and in the southeastern portionof Europe, namely, Greece (1.17%) and European Turkey(4.69%); in the southernmost country of the continent ofAfrica, namely, the Union of South Africa, where the Jewsconstitute 1% of the total population and nearly 5% ofthe white population in that country; and in the southern-most country of the American continent, namely, Argen-tina, where the Jews constitute over 2% of the total.


In all other regions the Jews constitute less than 1% ofthe total population. Of these, nearly 1,336,000 reside inwestern and southern Europe; nearly 185,000 in northernand eastern Europe (Russia and the Baltic countries); and27,000 reside in Australia and New Zealand; constitut-ing a little less than 0.04% among the European peoples inEurope and nearly 0.36% among the white residents ofAustralia. Nearly 223,000 Jews reside among the peoplesof Asia Minor, and central and northern Asia; and onlyabout 160,000 Jews reside among the peoples of easternand southern Asia (Japan, China, India and Indo-China),in Central Africa, Oceania, and Central and SouthernAmerica, exclusive of the Argentine Republic; and theproportion of Jews to non-Jews in those countries is verysmall. There are 51,000 Falashas, it is claimed, in Abyssinia.

Of the total number of 15,748,091 Jews in the world,8,939,608 reside in Europe, 598,339 in Africa, 839,809 inAsia, 27,016 in Australasia, and 5,343,319 in America.Thus, 56.77% live in Europe, 33.93% in America, 5.33%in Asia, 3.80% in Africa, and 0.17% in Australasia.

Changes in the Distribution of the Jewish Populationin Europe 1933-1940

The political upheavals and unprecedented territorialchanges in Europe during 1933-1940 have had a markedeffect on the distribution of the Jewish population on thecontinent. The advent of Nazism to power in January1933; the return of the Saar to Germany in January1935; the seizure of Austria in March 1938; the cession ofSudetenland to the Third Reich and the adjustment of theHungarian-Slovak frontier in the autumn of the same year;the break-up of the Czechoslovak Republic, the incorpora-tion of the Memel District into Germany and the completeNazification of Danzig in March 1939; the outbreak of thewar in September 1,939 and the consequent partition ofPoland and the cession of the Wilno Region to Lithuania;and, finally, the German invasion of Denmark, Norway,Luxemburg, Holland, Belgium and France, the cession


of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to Russia and thelatter's occupation of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, inthe first half of 1940 have immediately involved the des-tinies of close to 6,000,000 Jews, over one-third of the totalJewish population in the world.1

At least six Jewish communities which up to 1933 hadcarried on an independent existence — those of Germany,Austria, Czechoslovakia, the Saar, Memel and Danzig —have either been liquidated or are on the verge of dissolu-tion. In Poland, the shifting of populations is producingprofound changes. In the German-occupied regions, theflight from the war areas on one hand and the deliberatepolicy pursued by the Nazi Government on the other, haveresulted in great dislocations in the territorial distributionof Jews. During the German invasion, an undeterminednumber of them fled from villages and small towns to thelarger cities; it is probable that most of these did not returneven after the military campaign was over. Following itsline of policy in annexed territories, Germany is reporteddetermined to expel more than 400,000 Jews from westernPolish provinces, including the greater part of the provinceof Lodz.2 The Jews of these areas, together with those inthe Gouvernement General as well as in the Reich and itsprotectorates, are to be confined to the so-called Lublin"reservation."3 In the Soviet-occupied area of Poland,economic conditions are reported to have stimulated a massexodus of Jews into the interior of Russia.4 Account must

1 These figures are based on the latest official censuses or estimates.See AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, vol. 41, p. 588. In many cases,official information is not available and the estimates are at bestapproximations with a considerable margin of error.

3 According to the Polish Census of 1931, there were a total of 29,600Jews in the Provinces of Poznan, Pomorze and Upper Silesia and378,500 in the Province of Lodz. The three provinces as well as thegreater part of the Province of Lodz, including the city of Lodz with aJewish population of over 200,000, were proclaimed German territory.

3 The German Government's population policy in the occupied andannexed territories is explained in a statement issued by the PolishInformation Bureau in London, on November 3, 1939. See also "ThePersecution of Jews in German-occupied Poland," Free Europe Pamph-let No. 2, London, 1940.

< Reports to this effect have been current in the daily press in theUnited States and abroad.


also be taken of the losses in Jewish population as a resultof the war, and by executions, famine, disease and suicide.No definite figures are available, but the mortality for thefirst ten weeks has been variously estimated as high as250,000 and even more.5 The fate of nearly half a millionJews in Denmark, Norway, Luxemburg, Holland, Belgiumand France, including more than 90,000 refugees and anundetermined number of resident aliens, remained in doubt.The uncertainty of their future was marked by reports thatrefugees and even naturalized citizens may be returned totheir countries of origin.6

Changes in the distribution of the Jewish population ofEurope, have resulted from two processes, viz: 1) a combi-nation of migration and natural decrease, and, 2) the trans-fer of territories from one sovereignty to another.

1. Migration and Natural Decrease

In respect of this process, the most striking changes tookplace in the Old Reich and in Austria. The Jewish popula-tion in the Old Reich decreased from 522,700 in January1933' to 202,400 on December 31, 1939.8 This tremendousdecline is accounted for, in the first place, by emigrationand, secondly, by natural decrease, including suicides,executions, etc. Between 1933 and the end of 1939, 281,900Jews emigrated from Germany9 while the natural decreaseduring the same period amounted to 38,400.10 In Austria,as a result of the sharp decline in the birth rate, the Jewishpopulation decreased from 191,781, in the census year 1934,to 181,778 on March 15, 1938." Since the incorporation

s World Jewish Congress "White Book," Geneva, December, 1939.' Already tremendous changes appear to be taking place in the

several western European countries. Thus, a dispatch from Paris toThe New York Times, July 19, 1940 reported that out of the estimated200,000 Jews in Paris only about 30,000 remained.

' Report of the Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland for theyear 1939, p. 11.

8 Ibid.» Ibid." Ibid.11 Report of the Vienna Jewish Community, May 2, 1938 — Decem-

ber 31, 1939, p. 16.


of Austria into Greater Germany, an estimated total of over117,000 Jews emigrated. Thus, at the end of 1939, theJewish population in the Ostmark numbered between56,000 and 58,000."

Altogether, an estimated total of 432,000 Jews emigratedfrom Reich territories by the end of 1939. These include281,900 from the Old Reich, 117,000 from Austria, about20,000 from Sudetenland and 13,000 from the Saar, Danzigand Memel.'s Of the 432,000 refugees, 150,000, includingrepatriated persons, were distributed in European countries,mainly in Western Europe, 90,000 emigrated to the UnitedStates, 60,000 settled in Palestine, 84,000 in Central andSouth America and 48,000 in other parts of the world.14

Further details will be found in Table A.

2. Transfer of Territory

Changes in the distribution of the Jewish population as aresult of seizure or transfer of territory, up to the end ofJune 1940, affected eight countries: Czechoslovakia,Poland, Roumania, Hungary, Soviet Russia, Lithuania,Latvia and Estonia.

It will be recalled that Czechoslovakia suffered twopartitions, one following the Munich Pact of September1938, and the other in March 1939 when Germany tookunder its "protection" what was left of the Republic. Thecensus of 1930, the most recent in Czechoslovakia, reporteda total of 356,830 Jews. It may be assumed that as a resultof natural increase and the influx of refugees this numberwas considerably higher, when the first break-up of Czecho-slovakia occurred. If estimates made at the end of 1938are correct,15 the number of Jews in Czechoslovakia in Sep-tember 1938 must have been close to 395,000. Followingthe Munich Pact, the majority of the 22,000 Jews of

11 Ibid. p. 6. On September 15, 1939, the Jewish population wasestimated at 66,260 with 109,060 emigrated. Between September 15and December 31, 1939 an additional 8,000 to 10,000 Jews emigrated.See Ibid. p. 16.

" Joint Distribution Committee estimates.'* Joint Distribution Committee estimates.« Arthur C. Ruppin, "The Jewish Fate and Future," London, 1940,

p. 30.


Sudetenland migrated into the interior of the country,16

81,720 were incorporated into Hungary by the Vienna deci-sion of November 2, 1938 ceding certain parts of Slovakiato the former,17 while an additional 3,000 Jews becamePolish nationals when the latter occupied the district ofTeschen. At the end of 1938, the number of Jews in therump Czecho-Slovak Republic was estimated at 315,000of whom 75,000 were in Bohemia, 40,000 in Moraviaand Silesia, 95,000 in Slovakia, and 105,000 in Carpatho-Ukraine.18

With the dissolution of the Czechoslovak State in March1939, an additional 105,000 Jews were incorporated intoHungary by the latter's seizure of Carpatho-Ukraine;Slovakia became an "independent" state, while Bohemia-Moravia was transformed into a German Protectorate. Ofthe 110,000 to 115,000 in the Czech Protectorate in March1939, there remained about 75,000 at the end of October.19

In Slovakia, according to statistics published in the Slo-vakian press, there were 85,045 at the end of 1939.20

Summarizing, the partitions of the Czechoslovak Repub-lic left about 75,000 Jews in the Protectorate, i.e. underGerman domination; about 85,000 Jews in "independent"Slovakia, which is no less under German control than theProtectorate, and transferred more than 185,000 to Hun-garian, and 3,000 to Polish, sovereignty.

The fourth partition of Poland in September 1939,divided the general as well as the Jewish population amongGermany, Russia and Lithuania. At the end of 1938, thenumber of Jews in Poland was estimated at 3,325,000.3I

By the Treaty of September 29, 1939, between Germany

'* Joint Distribution Committee estimates." Hungarian census of December 1938. Magyar Shitisztikai Szemle,

vol. XVII, No. 5, May 1939, p. 474.18 Ruppin, op. cit. p. 30. J.D.C. figures place the number of Jews in

Bohemia and Moravia at the end of 1938, at 110,000 including refugees.There also seems to be a discrepancy in the Slovakian figures. Ruppin(p. 30, note 5) cites a census taken in Slovakia on December 31, 1938which reported 87,487 Jews.

" J.D.C. estimates. J.D.C. figures also account for over 20,000 Jewswho emigrated from Czechoslovak territories since September 1938.

20 Der Grenzbote, Bratislava, January 18, 1940." Ruppin, op. cit. p. 30.


and Russia, partitioning Poland,22 Germany received thecity of Warsaw west of the Vistula, and the provinces ofPoznan, Pomorze, Upper Silesia, Warsaw, Lodz, Lublin,Kielce, Krakow and the western part of the province ofLwow, with a total population of approximately 21,000,000,including 2,200,000 Jews.2* The rest of Poland, includingthe province of Wilno, practically the whole province ofBialystok, and the provinces of Nowogrodek, Polesie,Wolynia, Tarnopol and Stanislawow, as well as the easternpart of the province of Lwow, with an estimated totalpopulation of 14,000,000, including about 1,125,000 Jews,went to Russia. By virtue of the Soviet-Lithuanian MutualAssistance Pact of October 10, 1939,2" Russia ceded toLithuania the city of Wilno and the surrounding territory,with an estimated Jewish population of 80,000, leaving1,045,000 Jews in the Russian-occupied part of Poland,and increasing the Jewish population of Lithuania from165,000 estimated at the end of 19382* to approximately245,000.

These figures, however, cannot be taken as conclusive.Consideration must be given to the fact that in the earlymonths of the occupation of Poland, an undetermined num-ber of Jews, estimated as high as 300,000 and even 500,000,fled across the Soviet border,25 while the number of Jewishrefugees who fled to Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Hungaryand Roumania amounted to about 30,000 or more.26

" The Bulletin of International News, London, Vol. XVI, Nos. 20,21 and 23. October 7, 21, Nov. 18, 1939.

25 The distribution of the general and Jewish population in theGerman and Soviet occupied areas of Poland, follows the line of parti-tion in official maps and is computed on the basis of the Polish Censusof 1931 and the estimated natural increase between the census yearand the end of 1938.

>* New York Times, October 11, 1939.21a Ruppin, op. cir. p. 30.25 These figures have been frequently cited in the Yiddish press.! ' M. Jan Stanczyk, Minister of Social Welfare in the Polish Govern-

ment-in-Exile, reported to the Polish National Council in Angers,France, in March 1940 that a total of 125,000 civilian and militaryrefugees escaped to Roumania, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, France,and other countries. See Robotnik, Paris, No. 6, March 5, 1940. Thetotal number of Jewish refugees is not known. The Hias places thenumber of Polish-Jewish refugees in Lithuania at 11,000. Hias AnnualReport for 1939, p. 13.


Obviously, these figures do not include the number ofdead, as well as the several thousand Jews from Germanterritories who were reported to have been transferred tothe "Lublin Reservation."

The German invasion of Denmark, Norway, Luxem-burg, Holland, Belgium and France involved an estimatedtotal of about 550,000 Jews, including 90,000 refugees inHolland, Belgium and France. This would bring the totalnumber of Jews under the direct rule of Nazi Germany, bythe end of July 1940, to 3,200,000, including those inFrance — more than six times the number of Jews inGermany on January 30, 1933.

By the end of 1939, the number of Jews under Sovietrule amounted to 4,065,000.27 The Soviet annexation ofBessarabia and Northern Bukovina on June 27, 1940,affected at least 320,000 Jews.28 As a result of the incor-poration into the Soviet Union of the three Baltic lands ofLithuania, Latvia and Estonia towards the end of July1940, another 350,000 Jews have come under Soviet dom-inion. This would bring the total number of Jews underSoviet-Russian rule, to over 4,700,000.

In Hungary, as a result of the shift of populations, thenumber of Jews increased from 444,567 according to thecensus of 1930 to 631,287 in March 1939.2»

In Roumania, as a result of the annexation by Russiaof Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, the Jewish popula-tion decreased from 758,226 in the census year of 1930,to 438,226 in June 1940.

" T h e Russian Census of January 1939 reported 3,020,000 Jews.Jewish Telegraphic Agency, New York, May 1, 1940.

18 There are no recent data concerning the number of Jews in thesetwo provinces. In 1920, there were 267,000 Jews in Bessarabia (seeBulletin Statistique de Bessarabie, Bucharest 1923) and 88,666 in Buko-vina (see Bulletin Statistique de Roumanie, t. XV, no. 3, p. 174). It isestimated that at least half of the Jewish population in Bukovina livein the northern part of the province.

" This figure may be substantially lower as a result of naturaldecrease and conversions. Between 1919 and 1938, about 30,000 Jewsabandoned their faith, while 4,211 joined the Jewish Community.Report of the Budapest Jewish Community, December 1939. SeeDaily Jewish Bulletin, London, December 19, 1939. The naturaldecrease in Budapest between 1920 and 1930, amounted to 4,666. SeeJidisht Ekonomik, vol. I, Nos. 4-5, August-September 1937, p. 187.


TABLE ADISTRIBUTION OF JEWISH REFUGEES: ESTIMATE AS OF

DECEMBER 31, 1939.

EUROPE

France 38,000Netherlands 30,000Belgium 30,000Switzerland 8,000England and other

countries 48,000Total 150,000

UNITED STATES 90,000

PALESTINE 60,000

SHANGHAI 15,000(18,000)

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA

Argentina 25,000Bolivia 9,000Brazil 15,000Chile 10,000Cuba 2,900Paraguay 1,000Peru 2,000Uruguay ... . .3,500Other Central and South Ameri-

can countries includingresidence unknown 14,600

Total 84,000

OTHER COUNTRIES 44,000

GRAND TOTAL 432,000

TABLE BDISTRIBUTION OF JEWISH POPULATION IN EUROPE PRIOR TO ANDFOLLOWING TERRITORIAL CHANGES RESULTING FROM GERMAN,

RUSSIAN, AND HUNGARIAN EXPANSION (TO JULY 31, 1940)

Country

All

BelgiumCzechoslovakia

Bohemia-Moravia.SlovakiaCarpatho-Ukraine.

Danzig, Memeland Saar

FranceGermanyHungaryLatvia. . .LithuaniaLuxemburgNetherlandsNorwayPolandRoumaniaJ.S.S.ROther Countries

Prior toterritorialchanges

10,345,4571

181,77860,000

356,830117,551136,737102,542

16,5655,6904,566

240,000522,700444,567

93,479165,000

3,144156,817

1,3593,325,000

758,2263.020,000

632,906

Emi-grated

431,900

117,000

20,000

13,000

281,900

Nowunder

GermanRule

3.179,020

56,00082.000*

75,00085,045

3,5655,690

278,000'202,400

3,14486,817=

1,3592,200,000

NowunderSovietRule

4,728,045

4,566

93,479245.000°

1,045,000320,000

3.020,000

NowunderHun-garianRule

631,287

81,720105,000

444,567

StatusUn-

changed

1.109.242

438,226

680,906s

1 The difference between the total prior to territorial changes, 10,345,257, and thetotal after these changes, 9,918,194, is 427,063. This difference represents overseasemigration and reduction of population from natural causes.

2 Including refugees.3 Including 80,000 in Wilno district ceded to Lithuania.


TABLE IX1

JEWS OF AMERICA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS AND COUNTRIES

ALL COUNTRIES

North America and WestIndies

United States (Continental)Alaska..

Cuba.

Dominican RepublicHaiti. . .

Porto Rico

Panama Canal Zone

South and Central America

BrazilChile.

Costa Rica

Guiana (British)

Peru . . . .

GeneralPopulation

259,793,758

168,206,827

129,257,00059 278

10,376,78616,552,7224,227,587

101,0211,581,2483,000,0001,173,6451,826,338

22,01229,190

91,586,931

12,958,21744,115,8254,597,2548,701.816

623,4143,001,715

337,521962,685c

1,172,324467,459c954,848

6,500,0001,459,594

173.0892,093,3313,467,839*

Year

193719301931193019381938193719361938193819301936

1939193919371938193919371938193419381930193819361939193819381936

JewishPopulation*

5,343,319

5,018,251

4,831,180600

155,614c20 0007,800

56655c

ISO2,000

1506274

325,068

260,00040,000

3,697c!

2,045500350

1,00025

100850c

1,2001,500

120799

12,000882c

Year

193719381931193519331929192019361935193819381938

1935193319301935193919381938193819381930193019351939193819301926

PerCent

2.06

2.98

3.74

1.50

0 005

0.01

0.36

0.08

0.30

0.010.18

0.010.46

• For Tables I to VIII, see pp. 215-228.2 The letter "c" following a figure indicates that it is based on a census.» Estimate for 1935, 15,000.1 Not including 23,320 Venezuelans resident abroad.


TABLE XJEWS OF EUROPE, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS AND COUNTRIES

A L L COUNTRIES

Central Europe

Crimea1

Poland

White Russia1

Ukraine'

Western and Southern Europe

Bulgaria .

GibraltarGreat Britain and Northern

Irish Free StateItaly

Netherlands

Turkey (Europe)10

Yugoslavia

Northern Europe

Russia (R. S. F. S. R.. ex-clusive of Crimea andthe Northwest^1

Sweden

GeneralPopulation

522,313,405

132,076,127

713,8239,807,096

407,51710,817,286

1,950,5022,879,070

13,450 53334,775,69819,933,8025,439,400

31,901.400

301,767,522

1 003 1248,386,5536,077,939

376,5293,706,349

41,905,96879,576,758c»

20,339

46,178,884'6,204,6842,968,420

42,527,561296,913241 621

8,639,5957,460,195

25,240 9714,066,4001,185,719

15.703.000

88,469,756

1,126,4133 834,6622,814,194

74,384,2736,310,214

Yr.

19261938192919391935194019261939193919331933

19301938193419381935193619391939

193119281936193619351931193719381939193019271940

193419371930

19261938

JewishPopulation

8,939,608

7,428.125

45,926c356,83Oc!

10,448c444,567c'

93,479c*155.125c'326,363c

3,113,900c'900.000407.059

1,574,428c

1,326.721

20460,00048,398c

75c5,690

240,000240,000'

886c

300,00072,791c3,686c

47,825c3,144

35156,817>

1,2004,000

17,973c55,592c68,405c

184,762

4,302c1,7551,359c

170,6936,653c

Yr.

19261930192911

19301935192319261931193919261926

19301934193419311930193619391931

193119281926193119351920193319311934193019271931

193419371830

19261930

PerCent

1.71

5.62

6 43

2.56

4.79

2 43

4 51

0.44

0 02

0 80

0.570.90

0.651.17

1.06

0.444.69

0.21

0.380.050.05

0.23

I Total population of Soviet Union, according to census of 1939 is 170,467,186;Jewish population, 3,020,141. Separate figures for the component republics are notavailable at this time. ~,

s Number of Jews in territory which was formerly Czechoslovakia.3 Exclusive of the number of Jews in the annexed Czechoslovak territory.* On basis of nationality. Of these, 88,552 are Latvian citizens.6 Exclusive of the number of Jews in the district of Memel of 141,274 inhabitants

on January 1, 1925.a Including former Austria (6,760,233 in 1934) and Sudetenland (3,653,292).7 Including former Austria (191,481 in 1934 and 60,000 in 1939), and the number ofJews in the Sudeten area, formerly part of Czechoslovakia.

s Total population of Northern Ireland, census 1937, is 1,279,745.fl The returns of the 1935 census give 111,917 Jews, exclusive of the possible numberof Jews among the 1,144,393 enumerated as of "no religion" and 185 as of "unknownreligion."

i° Total population, according to 1935 census, is 16,158,018; Jewish population,78,730. Separate figures are not available, at this time, for Europe and for Asia.

II Since this census was taken, virtually all the Jews of Danzig have emigrated.


TABLE XI

JEWS OF AFRICA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS AND COUNTRIES

ALL COUNTRIES

Northern Part (Arabic-Speaking Countries)

Algeria

Morocco (French)Morocco (Spanish)

Southern Part (Black Africa).

Congo (Belgian)

Northern RhodesiaPortuguese East AfricaSouthern RhodesiaSouth-West AfricaTanganyika (German

East Africa)Union,of South Africa

Gen.Population

77,969,589

33,789,653

7,234,684'15,904,525

888,4016,298,528

795,20260,000

2,608,313"

44,179,936

7.600.00010.329.284'3,365,888«1,376,325'4.995.750'1,303,775'

358,532"

5,260,484"9.589,898"

Yr.

1936193719381936193619361936

1936193919381935193619361936

19381936

JewishPopulation

598,339

453,438

110,12772,550"30,046

161,312c'12,918c»

7,000'59.485c*

144,901

51,0001'177305c426c100

2,021c200

1090,662

Yr.

1931193419381936193619361936

1936192319311931192319311925

19311936

PerCent

0.77

1.34

3.382.561.62

11.672.48=

0.33

0.951'

1 Of a total of 717,663 in census of 1931, there were 552,663 in Tripolitania, including21,342 Tews, and 165,000 in Cyrenaica, including 3,000 Jews, practically all in thetown of Bengazi. The total includes 48,749 Europeans; 29,749 in Tripolitania and19,000 in Cyrenaica.

2 Native Jews. Percentage is of total native population.1 The number of Jews residing at Alcazar, Arxila, Larache, and Tetuan.• Including 987,252 Europeans.< Including 25,200 Europeans.• Including 34,971 Europeans and Arabs.7 Including 9,900 Europeans.• Including 45,750 non-natives.1 Including 55,408 Europeans.10 Including 30,505 Europeans.» Including 9,165 Europeans.» Including 2,003,857 Europeans.13 4.52 % of the total white population.« Official estimate; 1927 census, 63,550 (0.45%).» Falashas.18 Including 213,205 Europeans.


TABLE XIIJEWS OF ASIA, BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS AND COUNTRIES

ALL COUNTRIES

Palestine and Neighboring

Syria, Lebanon, Latakia,Djebel Druze

ArabiaAden and Perim

Asia Minor, Central andNorthern Asia

Russia (R. S. F. S. R.) in Asia1.Transcaucasian Republic1....Turkmenistan1

Turkey (in Asia)2

Uzbekistan1

Eastern and Southern Asia...

British Malaya

India (States and Agencies) • .Indo-China (French)Empire of Japan

Gen.Population

1,022,426,997

18,069,330

1,466,536364,000

3,630,0003,560,4569,000,000

48,338

69,732,172

10,000,00015,000.00018,845,6217,110,8001,268,900

12,462,5515,044,300

934,625,495

1,372,568457,835,475

1,028,619352,837,778

23,853,50097,697,555

Yr.

19391934

1935193519381931

1939193519261933193319271933

193919361938193119381935

JewishPopulation

839,809

570,745

424,373200

26,051c90,970c

25,0004,151

222,920

5.00040,00049.571c62.194c

2,041c26,280c37,834c

46,144

703c19,850"

25024,141c1,0001

200

Yr.

19391934

19331935

1931

1929193519261926192619271926

192119351935193119241938

PerCent

0.08

3.16

28.940.05

2.56

8.59

0,32

0.050.270.26

0.21

0.005

0.01

1 See footnote1 Table X.3 Total population, according to 1935 census, is 16,158,018; Jewish population,78,730. Separate figures are not available, at this time, for Europe and for Asia.

• Including 8,000 in Harbin, 5,500 in Shanghai, 3,500 in Tientsin, and 1,000 inMoukden—est. of Shanghai Lodge B'nai B'rith.

* The number of Jews residing at Haiphong, Hanoi, Saigon and Tourane.

TABLE XIIIJEWS OF AUSTRALASIA, BY COUNTRIES

Countries

ALL COUNTRIES

HawaiiNew ZealandPhilippine Islands

Gen.Population

24,602,887

6,629,839414,991

1,573,810'15,984,247

Yr.

1933193819361939

JewishPopulation

27,016

23,553c310

2,653c500

Yr.

1933193419361934

PerCent

0.11

0.36

0.17

B Including Maoris (63,670).

STATISTICS OF JEWS 60S

TABLE XIV

A LIST OF COUNTRIES AND THEIR JEWISH POPULATIONS

Name of Country Number of Jews1 Name of Country Number of Jews

AbyssiniaAden and PerimAfghanistanAlaskaAlbaniaAlgeriaArabiaArgentinaAustraliaBelgiumBrazilBritish MalayaBulgariaCanadaChileChinaColombiaCongo (Belgian)Costa RicaCubaCuracaoCyprusCzechoslovakiaDanzigDenmarkDominican Republic.EgyptEsthoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGibraltarGreat Britain and

Northern Ireland..GreeceGuatemalaGuiana (British)HaitiHawaiiHondurasHong KongHungaryIndiaIndo-China (French).IraqIrish Free StateItalyJamaica

51,0004.1515,000

600204

110,12725.000

260,00023,55360,00040,000

70348,398

155,6143,697

19,8502,045

177500

7,800566

75356,830

10,4485,690

5572,5504,3021.75S

240,000240.000

886

300,00072,791

3501.000

150310

25250

444,56724,1411,000

90.9703,686

47,8252,000

JapanJugoslaviaKenyaLatviaLibyaLithuaniaLuxemburgMaltaMexicoMorocco (French)Morocco (Spanish)....NetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNorwayPalestinePanamaPanama Canal Zone...ParaguayPersiaPeruPhilippine Islands.. . .PolandPorto RicoPortugalPortuguese East AfricaRhodesia (Northern)..Rhodesia (Southern). .RoumaniaSalvadorS.W.AfricaSoviet RussiaSpainSurinam (Dutch

Guiana)SwedenSwitzerlandSyria and Lebanon....TanganyikaTangier ZoneTransiordanTunisiaTurkeyUnion of South AfricaUnited States*UruguayVenezuelaVirgin Islands

20068,405

30593,47930,046

155,1253,144

3520,000

161,31212,918

156.8172,653

1001,359

424,37385074

1,20040,000

1,500500

3,113,900150

1,200100426

2,021900,000

120200

3,020,1414,000

7996,653

17,97326,051

107,000

20059,48578,73090,662

4.831.18012,000

88262

1 See footnote 1 on next page.2 Continental; not including Jews in Alaska and other possessions.


TABLE XV

LIST OF IMPORTANT CITIES AND THEIR JEWISH POPULATION*

N O T E : Superior figures next to population figures indicate year of census or estimate; e. g., M indcates 1935; » indicates 1936; etc.

Name of City GeneralPopulation

JewishPopu-lation^


JewishPopu-lation^

AdrianopolAlexandriaAlgiersAmsterdamAntwerp

Bagdad2 (Iraq)BaselBelgrade (Yugoslavia)Berdichev(U.S.S.R.).BerlinBialystokBirminghamBombayBreslauBrussels*BucharestBudapestBuenos Aires

CairoCalcutta*Cape TownCologne (see K6"ln)...Constantine (Algeria).CopenhagenCracowCzernowitz

DamascusDublinDvinsk

Edinburgh

FlorenceFrankfurt a. M

GenevaGlasgow

36.OO036

682,101s7

252,32ia<781,660»273,31738

193,91235309,272"

45.16035

420,264"

319,1413"546,6493*

124,1213"1,088,417"

5,697c*7

27,200"23.550c"65,558s8

22,000"

499,410"*148,0633°266,849""

53,100"4,332,242"

76,7921,002,603"1.161,383"

625,198s"912,774"648,162"

1,115,877"'2,317,755""

1,307,422"1,485,582"

119,173s1

106,830"'843,168"'219,286"109,698"'

42,799c"2,563c'°8,936c"1

30,812cM95,000"39,602

6,000"8,620"

2O,2O2cM20,000!1

50,000"204.371c"°120,000

38,100""1,200"

11,079s"

13,110c"!5,64O»

45,828c"i43,555"

10,0003,500"

l,500»

2,586"26,158c»

2,224c"»15,000"

Haifa..'HamburgHarbinHull

Istanbul

JaffaJassyJerusalemJohannesburg.

KharkovKievKishinevKolnKovno

LeedsLeipzigLeningradLibau (Latvia)LisbonLiverpoolLodzLondon"

-ublinLwow,uxemburg. . .

Manches t e r . . .MarseillesMinskMontrealMoscow

Newcastle

104.800"9

1,682,220"330,436""287,013"

741.148"

77,400"104,471"'129,800"'203,298"

833,432"846,293"112,500"756,605""152,365"

458,320"701,606"

3,191,304"57,09 8"s

594,390"°855,688"!604,629"!

8,282,118"°112,285"!312,231"!57,740"

989.775914,232"°180,900""818,577"

4,137,018"

274,955""

58.000»16,885c"8,000"2,500"

47,173c"

15,000"45,000='79,000"25,826c»

81,139c»140,256c*80,000"14,816e»25,044c»

25,000!"ll,564c=84,503c"

7,368c"l,150»7,000"

191,720c"!233,991"38,001c"!75,316c«1,395"

37.5002,000"!

53,686c"57,710c"

131,747c»

2,500"

*Not including cities of the United States.> It should be borne in mind that the figures for the number of Jews arrived at on the basis (

a religious or nationality census, are minima. This is partly due to the fact that there is som<times a tendency on the part of census enumerators to minimize the number of persons of a minoritreligion or nationality, and partly because some Jews report their nationality as that of the m£jority population, or decline to answer the question as to religion or nationality. For example, ithe 1921 census of Czechoslovakia as many as 724,507 persons refused to give their religious affilution. The number of Jews for that country given in this article does not include the possible nunber of Jews among those that refused to give their religious affiliation.

1 Figure for "Liwa," i. e.. Administrative district.• Greater London, Administrative County has 184,063 Jews. * Including suburbs.


TABLE XV (Cont.)


JewishPopu-lation


JewishPopu-lation

OdessaOran (Algeria)Oslo

Panama CityParisPrague

Rabat (Morocco) . . . .RigaRome

SalonicaSarajewo (Jugoslavia)Shanghai1

SmyrnaSofiaStockholmStrasbourg

604,2233"194,746"253,124""

74,400"°2,829,746"

g4S081»

83,379"385,O63»

1,148,948M

236,524"78,173"

3.489,998>«170,546»287,976"497,367'»181,465"

153,243c*'20,490c"

749cs°

471c*o175,000"35,463c™

3,676c"43,558c»11,280"

S5,25OcM

9,320"5,500"

16,215c"25.863c"3,432c»°7,000"

Tallinn (Esthonia).Tel-AvivTorontoTriesteTripoli (L ibya) . . . .Tunis'Turin (Italy)

Vienna

WarsawWellington (N. Z.).WilnoWinnipeg

Zagreb (Jugoslavia)Zurich

127,000"130,300"631,207"242,681"108,240"219,578"623,454"

1,918,462"

1,171,898"149.971"207,750"218,785"

185,581"337,164"

l,929c»130,300"45,205c"

4,627"15,590"27,345"

3,758"

178,034c"

333,354c"896c»

54,596c"17.153c"

9,500"6,700"

4 Including suburbs.* Exclusive of Europeans.


C. IMMIGRATION OF JEWS TO THEUNITED STATES

1. During the Year Ended June 30,1939

Admissions and Departures.— During the year endedJune 30, 1939, a total of 43,450 Jewish immigrants wereadmitted to the United States, more than twice as manyas in the preceding year (19,736) — an increase of 120.16%.A very large part of this increase is due to immigrationfrom Germany (30,096), almost 70 percent of the totalJewish immigration. During the same period, 176 Jewsemigrated from the country. The net increase throughimmigration was thus 43,274.

Deportations and Debarments.— During the fiscal year,ended June 30, 1939, a total of 103 Jews previously admit-ted were deported, and 422 applying for admission weredebarred. The former number represents 0.19% of the netincrease of Jewish immigrants over emigrants, while thenumber of debarred constitutes 0.97% of those admitted.These percentages are considerably lower than in the pre-ceding years — the lowest since 1923 for the deported, andthe lowest on record in any year for the debarred. Therewas also a drop, compared with the preceding years, in thepercentages of both debarment and deportation for theimmigration as a whole, though the ratios are still verymuch higher than for the Jewish immigration. Thus, thepercentage of all deportations to the total net increase forthe year was 14.56% (21.73% for the preceding year), andthe percentage of the total debarred was 7.83% of thetotal admitted (11.88% for the preceding year).

Countries of Origin.— Since 1931, there has been adecrease of Jewish immigration from a group of adjacentcountries in Eastern Europe in which live almost half ofthe total number of Jews in the world.1 For a number ofyears before 1931, these countries contributed close totwo-thirds of the total Jewish immigration to the United

i Poland, Lithuania, Latvia. Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Roumania, Russia.


States. In that year, the Jewish immigration from thesecountries dropped from 64.95% to 56.24% of the totalJewish immigration; the percentage remained approxim-ately stationary in 1932 (57.31%), and in 1933 (57.29%).In the latter year, Jewish immigration from Germany,which had theretofore been negligible, began to becomenumerically significant, although only 3.04% for the yearending June 30, 1933. In the following year, however, theimmigration from Germany was 43.20% of the total,whereas the immigration from the former major sourcesof Jewish immigration dropped to 27.94% of the totalJewish influx. In 1935, the number coming from Germany(34.80% of the total) almost equalled the number fromthe Eastern European countries. In 1936, the immigrationfrom Germany rose to 52.53%, while the admissions fromEastern Europe fell to 21.32%, of the total Jewish immig-ration; and from 1937 on, the difference has been becomingsteadily more and more pronounced.

The number of Jews coming from Germany during 1939was more than two-thirds of the total Jewish immigration(69.27%); only 12.59% came from Eastern Europe, and18.14% from the remaining countries. Of the latter groupof 7,883 immigrants, 965 came from Palestine, 883 fromFrance, 859 from Canada, 822 from The Netherlands, 737from Great Britain, 732 from Italy, 659 from Switzerland,and the rest from other countries.

Destination of Immigrants.— Jewish immigrants to theUnited States during the fiscal year were destined to allthe forty-eight states and the District of Columbia, thestates ranking highest being New York, Illinois, California,New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Massachusetts, andMichigan, in the order given; these states were the des-tination of almost nine-tenths (89.57%) of the total Jew-ish immigration.

Sex.— Of the total number of Jewish immigrants admit-ted during the fiscal year, 51.92% were males and 48.08%were females; while for the immigration as a whole, thepercentage of males was lower than that of females (47.50%males and 52.50% females).


Age.— The Jewish immigration differed but slightlyfrom the total in the matter of age distribution. Of thetotal number of Jewish immigrants, 16.88% were childrenunder 16 years of age, 59.41% were persons between 16and 44, and 23.71% were 45 years or over. In the totalimmigration, the proportions were not much different.The percentage of those from 16 to 44 years of age washigher (65.35%), and the other two age groups, a littlelower, than in the Jewish immigration (14.70% for thoseunder sixteen and 19.95% for the older group).

Conjugal Condition.— The largest proportion of immi-grants arriving in the country was in the group of marriedpersons — 49.63% among the Jewish immigrants and48.02% among the total. The next largest group was thatof single persons: 44.79% for the Jewish immigrants, and46.24% for the total. Of the remaining immigrants, 4.26%were widowed and 1.32% were divorced, among the Jews;and 4.63% widowed and 1.11% divorced, among the total.

Family Character of Jewish Immigration.— The differ-ence, even if slight, in age grouping of the Jewish immigra-tion from the total indicates that the Jewish immigrationis more largely of a family character. This is also evidentfrom the fact that a higher proportion of the Jewish immi-grants (86.61%) came to join relatives as compared withthe total immigration (82".42%); and only 4.30% of theJewish immigrants had neither relatives nor friends here,as compared with 8.15% for the total immigration.

Financial Condition.— The Jewish immigrants (52.35%of the total) brought in more than two-thirds (68.52%)of the aggregate amount of money shown to be in the pos-session of all the immigrants. The number of immigrantsshowing the possession of money was 73.87% for the totaland 70.07% for the Jews.

2. During the Six Months, July — December 1939For the fiscal year which ended June 30, 1940, complete

official figures for only the first six months were availableat the time this article was written.1 These figures show

1 Except figures for immigration by country of origin. See Table XX.


that the number of Jews admitted during this period(17,912) was 49.42% of the total immigration and thatJewish immigrants exceeded Jewish emigrants by 17,833.Of the general immigration the excess of admissions overdepartures was 22,515. The proportion of Jews debarredduring the six months was higher than for the precedingfiscal year (7.23% during the six months, compared with6.49% during the preceding year); but the proportion ofJews deported was a little lower (1.11% during July —December, compared with 1.26% during the precedingfiscal year).

3. From 1881 to 1939

Of the earlier waves of Jewish immigration to the UnitedStates, which were made up chiefly of immigrants fromSpain, Portugal, and Holland, and from Germany, no reli-able statistics are available. Such statistics were recordedonly beginning in 1881, but these are not complete for theentire period since then. For the seventeen years from1881 to 1898, we have statistics only for the number ofJews admitted at the ports of New York, Philadelphia,and Baltimore. For the next eight years (1899-1907) wehave figures for the number of Jews admitted at all ports.It is only since 1908 that statistics of departures as well asof arrivals have been recorded.

Notwithstanding these deficiencies and gaps, we are ina position to arrive at an approximate figure for the totalJewish immigration since 1881. From 1908, when the num-ber of departures began to be recorded, up to 1914, afterwhich the World War and restrictive legislation interruptedthe free flow of immigration, the percentage of Jews depart-ing to those admitted was 7.14%. We may assume thatthe same percentage held good during the period 1899-1907 for which we have complete figures for Jewish admis-sions. If this assumption is correct, the number of Jewsadmitted during those years totalled 829,244. For theperiod from 1881-1898 we have figures only for Jews admit-ted at the ports of New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore.We may perhaps assume that the number of departuresduring those years equalled the number of admissions atother ports; in other words, that the total number of Jews


admitted at all ports equalled the number admitted at thethree ports mentioned, namely, 533,478. Adding the netincreases for these two periods, thus arrived at, to the netincrease from 1908 to 1939, for which official statistics areavailable, we find that the total net increase of the Jewishpopulation of the United States as a result of immigrationwas 2,423,700 for the fifty-nine years from 1881 to 1939.

Table XXI, which is a summary of the immigrationand emigration, to and from the United States, since 1881,shows the fluctuations in the annual averages of the num-ber of Jews who arrived, caused in turn by the World War,the post-war condition of European Jews, the operation ofthe several quota restriction laws and the executive orderof 1931 for the strict application of the "likely to becomea public charge" provision of the immigration law, and theexpulsive force of persecution in Germany.

TABLE XVI

JEWISH IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED, DEPARTED, DEBARREDAND DEPORTED, JULY 1, 1938—JUNE 30, 1939, and

JULY—DECEMBER, 1939

Admission1

Departure2

IncreaseDebarredDeported

July 1, 1938—June 30, 1939

Total

82,99826,65156,3476,4988,202

Jews

43,450176'

43,274422103

P. C.

52.350.66

76.806.491.26

July—Decamber, 1939

Total

36,24413,72922,5153,0833,796

Jews

17.91279

17,83322342

P. C.

49.420.58

79.217.231.11

1 In addition, 185,333 non-immigrants, including 8,999 Jews (4.86%) were admittedduring the year ended June 30, 1939, and 95,935 non-immigrants, including 4,601 Jewsduring July-December 1939.

! In addition, 174,758 non-emigrant aliens departed during the year ended June 30,1939, including 4,335 Jews (2.48%); and 106,637, including 2,716 Jews, during July-December 1939.

• 43 to Palestine, 25 to Great Britain, 21 to Canada, 15 to Poland, 13 to Mexico,10 to South America, 7 to West Indies, 6 to France, 5 to Germany, 5 to South Africa,and 26 to other countries.


TABLE XVII

JEWISH IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SEX, AGE, CONJUGALCONDITION, FINANCIAL CONDITION, ETC., YEAR ENDED

JUNE 30, 1939

Immigrants Admitted

SEXMalesFemales

AGEUnder 1616-4445 and over

MARITAL CONDITIONSingle

Widowed

FINANCIAL CONDITIONAmount of money shown..No. showing $50 or over. .No. showing less than $50No. not stating financial

PERSONS JOINEDRelatives

Number

Total

82,998

39,42343,575

12,20454 23516,559

38,37839.8533,841

926

$24,853,81943,76517,542

21,691

68,4027,8306,766

Jews

43,450

22,55820,892

7,33525 81310,302

19,46221,565

1,849574

$17,030,50223,3457,100

13,005

37,6323,9491,869

Distribution

Total

100.00

47.5052.50

14.7065.3519.95

46.2448.024.631.11

52.7321.14

26.13

82.429.438.15

Jews

100.00

51.9248.08

16.8859.4123.71

44.7949.634.261.32

53.7316.34

29.93

86.619.094.30


TABLE XVIII

DESTINATION OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTS BY STATE,YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1939

UNITED STATES

CaliforniaConnecticutDistrict of Columbia...Illinois

LouisianaMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMissouri

New YorkOhio

VirginiaWisconsinOther States

Total

82,998

6,4271,189

5344,353

436349687

3,2193,461

6173.779

42,6372,1633,3842.027

303607

6,826

Jews

43,450

2,289423259

2,500194156431856706415

1,74028,079

1,0611,690

340151300

1.8601

P. C.

52.35

35.6235.5848.5057.4344.5044.7062.7426.5920.4067.2646.0465.8649.0549.9416.7749.8449.4227.25

Distribution

Total

100.00

7.741.430.645.250.530.420.833.8841.70.744.55

51.372.614.082.440.370.738.22

Jews

100.00

5.270.970.605.750.450.360.991.971.630.964.00

64.622.443.890.780.350.694.28

'Alaska (75), Alabama (2). Arizona (12), Arkansas (43), Colorado (102), Delaware(28), Florida (128), Georgia (130), Hawaii (9), Idaho (16), Iowa (53), Kansas (44),Kentucky (114), Maine (30), Minnesota (132), Mississippi (68), Montana (2), Nebraska(44), Nevada (3), New Hampshire (9), New Mexico (48), North Carolina (59), NorthDakota (5). Oklahoma (64). Oregon (119), Porto Rico (3), Rhode Island (132), SouthCarolina (24), South Dakota (11), Tennessee (144), Utah (25), Vermont (7), Washing-ton (129), West Virginia (39), and Wyoming (7).


TABLE XIX

PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF LAST RESIDENCE OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTS,YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1939

ALL COUNTRIES

CENTRAL EUROPEANCOUNTRIES

Hungary

Poland

Russia

GERMANY

OTHER COUNTRIES

Great BritainItaly

China

Total

82,998

8,254

2.8961,348

168290

3,07242159

33,515

41,229

683396

1 9073.0586 570

1281 2591,2371,090

6421 066

10,5012 6402 2317,821"

Jews

43,450

5,471

1,65091113111

2,43729734

30,096

7,883

442368883737732113822659153116965859124258652^

P. C.

52.35

66.28

56.9867.5877.983.79

79.3370.5557.63

89.80

19.12

64.7192.9346.3024.1011.1488.2865.2953.2714.0418.0790.53

8.184.70

11.568.34

Distribution

Total

100.00

9.95

35.0916.332.043.51

37.225.100.71

40.38

49.67

1.660.964.637.42

15.930.313.053.002.641.562.59

25.476.405.41

18.97

Jews

100.00

12.59

30.1616.652.400.20

44.545.430.62

69.27

18.14

5.614.67

11.209.359.291.43

10.438.361.941.47

12.2410.901.573.278.27

1 Including 1,101 from Ireland, 907 from Greece. 527 from Norway, 422 from Por-tugal, 342 from Sweden, 411 from Finland, 306 from Denmark, and 1,025 from otherEurope- 915 from South America, 530 from Central America, and 322 from otherAmerica; 454 from other Asia; 218 from Africa; and 341 from Australia and Australasia.

' Including 46 from Denmark, 26 from Greece, 20 from Sweden, and 282 from otherEurope; 68 from Argentine, 23 from Brazil, 19 from Central America, and 31 fromother America; 65 from other Asia; 64 from Africa; and 8 from Australia and Austral-


TABLE XX

PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF LAST RESIDENCE OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTSYEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1940

CENTRAL EUROPEAN

Germany (including Austria). .

OTHER COUNTRIES

Great Britain

Ireland (Eire)Italy

Spain.

Canada

Total

70,756

4,011

1,0741,902

702333

21,520

45,225

1,7132,5756,158

811749

5,3022,097

488448259518

1,211652

1,94210.8062,3137,1831

Jews

36,945

2,922

7041 450

521247

19,880

14.143

1 3821,6074,099

108

7331,432

119

11116598135866967122

2,O37!

P. C.

52.21

72.85

65.5576.2474.2274.17

92.38

31.27

80.6862.4166.56

1.231.07

13.8268.29

2.252.014.25

22 3949.3820.7144.59

8.955.27

28.36

Distribution

Total

100.00

- 5.67

26.7847.4217.50

8.30

30.41

63.92

3.795.693.621.791.66

11.724.641.080.990.571.152.681.444.29

23.895.11

15.88

Jews

100.00

7.91

24.0949.6217.838.45

53.81

38.28

9.7711.3628.980.070.065.18

10.130.080.060.080.824.230.956.126.840.86

14.40

1 Including 2,675 from West Indies; 2,038 from other America; 1,913 from Asia;and 557 from other countries.

2 Including 558 from West Indies; 356 from other America; 1,027 from Asia; and96 from other countries.


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TABLE XXIII

JEWISH IMMIGRANTS REJECTED ON APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION ANDTHOSE DEPORTED FROM THE UNITED STATES AFTER

ADMISSION, 1899-1939

Year

1899-191019111912191319141915191619171918191919201921 . .192219231924192519261927 . .1928192919301931193219331934 . . .19351936193719381939

Total 1899-1939

Total 1911-1939

Deb

Number

Total

116,25522,34916.05719,93833,04124,11118,86716 0287,2978,626

11 79513,77913,73120 61930 28425.39020 55019 75518 83918.1278,2339 7447 0645 5275 3845 5583,0208 0768 06(56,498

542,608

Jews

10,7851,9991,0641.2242,5061,398

949607222199268

1,1951,2561,4551 7541.137

8711,090

898610275405314276211208157368339422

34,462

irred

Per Cent to• Admission

Total

1.22.51.91.62.77.36.35.46.56.12.71.74.43.94 38.66.75.96.16.483.41

10.0319 8623.9618.2715.908.31

16.0711.887.83

2.73

Jews

1.02.11.31.21.95.26.23.56.06.51.81.02.32.93.5

11.18.49.47.74.892.397.12

11.4011.645.104.302.513.241.720.97

1.72

Deported

Number

Total

12,1772,7882,4563,4614,1372,6702,9061 918

7963,1022,7624,5174,3453,6614,2949,495

10,90411,66211,62512,90816,63118,14219,42619,8658,8798,3199,1958,8299,2758,202

239,347

227,170

Jews

1,303209191253317

687946271753

13421499

113250175184213153164150147138114

9610710984

103

5,310

4,007

Per Cent toNet Increase

Total

.5

.4

.4

.42.11.8,9

4.917,61.9.8

3.9.82.68

4.74.74.45.16.138.71

51.46

37.5621.7314.56

3.41

Jews

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.5

.3

.9

.7

.4

.1

.4

.02

.22.51.71.61.91.251.462.796.386.942.992.131.800.980.430.19

0.45


D. JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO OTHERAMERICAN COUNTRIES AND AFRICA

Canada. During the year ended March 31, 1939, atotal of 890 Jews entered Canada (269 from the UnitedStates), 5.20% of the total. There was a higher percentageof females than of males among the immigrants arriving,the difference being greater in the total immigration.(47.98% males and 52.02% females among the Jews, and43.05% males and 56.95% females among the total immi-gration). The immigrants of 18 years or over constituted73.71% of the total number of Jewish immigrants, whilefor the total number of immigrants, the correspondingpercentage was 63.60%

In the occupational distribution, there is shown a con-siderable increase in the proportion of Jews engaged infarming. Of the Jewish immigrants admitted in 193911.01% were farmers, compared with 2.40% in the pre-ceding year. The farming class among the total immigra-tion, which was always comparatively high, had 28.17%of the number admitted in 1939, compared with 22.33%in the preceding year. The other groups remained aboutthe same, — 25.84 %of the Jewish immigrants were tradersand clercs; 8.54% mechanics; 3.48% female domesticservants; and 1.80% laborers.

Of the 890 Jews who entered the country (621 via oceanports and 269 from the United States), 185 were born inthe United States, 8 in Canada, 1 in Newfoundland, 16 inAsia (Palestine), and 2 in Africa; the remainder (678) camefrom European countries. Of this number, one-third (228)came from Poland (25.62% of the total number of Jewsadmitted to Canada), and over one-fourth, 181, (20% ofthe total admitted to Canada) from Germany. Of the totalnumber of immigrants (17,128) that entered Canada, 4,364,fully one-fourth, were born in the United States, and 633were born in Canada.

Almost nine-tenths (86.40%) of the Jewish immigrantswere bound for the two provinces of Quebec (51.91%) andOntario (34.49%). Of the total number of immigrants,three-fifths were bound for the same provinces, and of these,39.84% went to Ontario, and 20.17% to Quebec.


During 1901 to 1939, a total of 129,825 Jews enteredCanada, constituting 2.19% of the total.

Cuba. During 1936, a total of 338 Jews entered Cuba.The number of Jewish immigrants during 1937 was esti-mated as about 200. A more accurate figure was not avail-able. Compared with preceding years, the figure is low.There has been a gradual decrease since 1934, when theJewish immigrants numbered 612. The total immigration,in 1937, also shows a decrease, but to a lesser extent. From1929 to 1937, a total of 3,973 Jews entered the country.The number of Jewish immigrants that entered Cubaduring 1929-1937 constituted 7.94% of the total.

Brazil. During 1937, a total of 2,004 Jewish immigrantswere admitted to Brazil, and during 1938, 530. From1925 to 1938, a total of 43,979 Jews entered the country,5.33% of the total number of persons admitted duringthese years.

Uruguay. During 1937, 1,100 jews entered Uruguay, andduring 1938, 3,115. From 1927'to 1938, a total of 15,628Jews entered the country. The number of Jewish immi-grants admitted during 1927-1937' constituted 0.66% ofthe total number of persons admitted.

Argentine. During 1937, a total of 5,178 Jews enteredArgentine, constituting 12.49% of the total number ofimmigrants admitted to the country during that year.In 1938, the Jewish immigration totalled 1,050, 2.78% ofthe total. During the period of 26 years of 1913-1938, atotal of 114,679 Jews entered the country, 4.95% of thetotal admitted.

Union of South Africa. We have data on Jewish immi-gration to the Union of South Africa from 1930 to 1938.This is for European immigration only. According to thisinformation, Jewish immigrants constituted 23.09% ofthe total number of immigrants during the nine years(11,238 Jews out of a total of 46,708). The percentage ofJewish immigration varies from 31.86% in 1930 to 7.61%in 1938. The year 1934 showed a rise in immigration to thatcountry, both Jewish and total (1,123 Jews in 1934, com-pared with 745 in the preceding year), but the ratio of


Jewish immigration to the total was about the same; 1935showed practically no change. But, in 1936, the immigra-tion of Jews increased three times. This increase is dueentirely to the rise in the immigration from Germany,from which there arrived as many as 2,577 during the year(77.06% of the total Jewish immigration to the country).In 1937, however, Jewish immigration dropped again to954, and in 1938, to 566, the lowest number since 1930,while the total remained about the same as in the pre-ceding year. The number of Jewish immigrants admittedduring 1930-1938 constituted 24.06% of the total.


TABLE XXIV

JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO CANADA, BV SEX, AGE,OCCUPATION AND DESTINATION, 1939

Total

Via Ocean PortsFrom United States

SEXMales . .Females

A G E

18 years and over

OCCUPATION

Trading and Clerical ClassesFemale Domestic Servants..Other Classes

COUNTRY OF BIRTH

Germany (incl. Austria). . . .LithuaniaPoland

RussiaUnited StatesOther Countries

DESTINATION

Alberta ..

Prince Edward IslandYukon 'TerritoryNorthwest Territories

Number

Total

17,128

11,4655,663

7,3739,755

6,23510,893

4,824504838

1,320930

8.712

1,9621.985

41661

2 666346

984,3645,230

3,4546 8241,5631,698

813675

1,667359

61113

Jews

890

621269

427463

234656

981676

23031

439

5849

18120

2284544

18580

462307

322522191211

Distribution

Total

100.00

66.9433.06

43.0556.95

36.4063.60

28.172.944.897.715.43

50.86

11.4511.592.430.36

15.572 020.57

25.4830.53

20.1739.84

9.129.914.753.949.732.100.360.060.02

Jews

100.00

69.7830.22

47.9852.02

26.2973.71

11.011.808.54

25.843.48

49.33

6.525.50

20.342.25

25.625.054.94

20.798.99

51.9134.493.602.812.472.131.351.24


TABLE XXV

Year

19011902190319041905190619071908190919101911191219131914191519161917191819191920

SUMMARY

Total

49,14967,379

128,364130,331146,266189,064124,667262,469146,908208,794311,084354.237402,432384,878144,78948.53775,37479.07457,702

117,336

OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION

Jews1

2,7651,0152,0663,7277,7157,1276,5847,7121,6363.1825,1465,3227,387

11,2523,107

651363222

116

Per CentJews to To-

tal

5.61.51.62.85.23.85.22.91.11.51.61.51.82.92.1.1.1

0.40.04

09

Year

1921192219231924192519261927192819291930193119321933193419351936193719381939

Total

TO CANADA, 1901-1939

Total

148,47789,99972,887

148,560111,36296.064

143,991151,597167,722163.28888,22325,75219,78213,90312,13611,10312.02315,64517.128

5,938,476

Jews1

2,7638,4042,7934,2554,4594,0144,8634.7663,8484,1643,421

649772943624880619584890

129,825

Per CentJews to To-

tal

1.99.33.82.84.4.183.383.142.292.553.882.523.906.065.147.935.153.735.20

2.19

1 The figures for the Jews entering Canada during 1901-1925 are exclusive of thosewho entered from the United States.

TABLE XXVI

SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO CUBA, 1929-1937

Year

1929193019311932193319341935193619371938

Total 1929—1937

Total

17,17912.2192.7961.8922.8373.3173,7653,9322,0726,541

50,009

Jews

4761,374

2081651976124033382001

3,973

P. C.

2.7711.257.448.726.94

18.4510.708.609.65

7.94

1 Estimate.


TABLE XXVII

SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO BRAZIL, 1925-1938

Year

1925192619271928192919301931193219331934193519361937 . . .1938

Total 1925—1938

Total'

84,883121,569101,56882,061

100,42467,06631,41034,68348,81250,37135,91312,77334,67719,388

825,598

Jews

2,624*3,906'5,167*4,055'5,610"3,558l,940«2,049'3,317<4,010<1,759'3,450<2,004'

53O4

43,979

P. C.

3.093.215.094.945.595.316.185.916.807.964.90

27.015.782.73

5.33

^Communicated by the Consul General of Brazil in New York City.! (Communicated by Hicem.1 Communicated by lea.* Communicated by Hias.

TABLE XXVIII

SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO URUGUAY, 1927-1937

Year

19271928192919301931193219331934. . . .193519361937 . . .1938

Total 1927—1937

Total

183,386180,654184,514230,464<160,000s

120,670'105,985'158,954'176,264196,205203,542

1,900,638

Jewsi

771s

1.500"2,000s

l,600»l,25O»

765'500'

1,205"560*

1,262"1,100*3,115'

12,513

P. C.

0.420.831.080.690.780.630.470.760.320.640.54

0.66

1,449.

' l e a .1 Number assisted by local Jewish Committee.1 Number assisted in 1928, 1,270; in 1929, 1,44• Anuario Estadistico.• Estimate of Consul General.• Hias.7 Estimate, as given by Hias.


TABLE XXIX

SUMMARY OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO ARGENTINE, 1913-1938

Year

19131914-191819191920 .19211922192319241925 . .1926192719281929193019311932I9332- .1934?1935193619371938

Total 1913-1938

Totali

285,215225,36541,29987.03298,086

129,263195,063159,939125,366135.011161,548129,047100,424'133,183'56,33331,267'24,34527,55444 8S9<47,633'41,46937.762

2,317,063

Jew3

10,8604,845"

2802,0714,095'7,198'

13,701'7,799'6,920'7,534!5.584'6,812'5,986'7,805!3,553'1,801'1,9622.2153,169'4.261'5,178s

1,050

114,679

P. C.

3.812.150.682.384.185.577.024.885.525.583.465.285.965.866.315.768.068.047.068.95

12.492.78

4.95

1 Revista Econotnia Argentina, Buenos Aires.J Communicated by lea.» The figure includes 3,693 admitted during 1914; 606, during 1915; 324, during 1916;

90, during 1917 (slightly incomplete); and 132 during 1918 (slightly incomplete)—communicated by lea.

• Communicated by Consul General of Brazil, New York City.• Communicated by Hias.• Communicated by Argentine Information Bureau.

TABLE XXX

JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA, 1930-19382

Year

19301

1931>19321..19331

1934119351. .19361

19371 ,1938

Total 1930-1938 .

Total

5,9044,1403 0983,0314,7026,500

10.8407,9277,435

46,708

Jews

1,881885676745

1,1231 0783,330

954566

11,238

P. C.

31.8621.3821.8224.5823.8816.2930.7212,04

7.61

24.06

1 Kuropean immigration.> Data obtained from the Department of Census and Statistics of the Union of

So. Africa, through the courtesy of Percy Cowen, Esq.


E. JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE

1. During 1939

Admissions.—Jewish immigration to Palestine, which,since 1935, the peak year, has shown a decided drop, con-tinued low in 1939, with only a slight increase over 1938.

A total of 13,914 immigrant Jews were admitted to thecountry during 1939, 88.91% of the total admitted, 15,650.In addition, 2,491 Jews who had entered the country astravelers or without permission and who had permanentlysettled there, were registered as immigrants, 89.51% of thetotal so registered, 2,783. Thus, a total of 16,405 Jews wereregistered as immigrants during the year, 89.00% of thetotal number of immigrants, 18,433. (The number of Jewsregistered in 1935 was 61,854, and in 1936, 29,727).

During 1939, nearly three-fifth (57.85%) of the Jewswho entered the country came from Germany (includingAustria); one-fourth from Czechoslovakia and Polandtogether (14.11% from the former, and 10.72% from thelatter); and the rest came from Roumania, Lithuania,Yemen, France, Great Britain, Latvia, Syria and Lebanon,United States, Turkey, and a few other countries. Thedistribution of Jewish immigrants to Palestine as to thecountry of origin, in 1939, shows a continued increase forGermany, a decided increase for Czechoslovakia, and, onthe other hand, a definite drop for Poland — from 25.41%in 1938 to 10.72% in 1939.

Departures. — The number of emigrants for 1939 was1,996, of whom 1,019 were Jews (51.05% of the total). Thepercentage of departures to admissions was 6.21% for Jewsand 48.18% for non-Jews. Compared with the precedingyear, the percentage for Jews is lower, while that for non-Jews is considerably higher. We also have data for emigra-tion by months; there is not much variation. The numberof Jewish emigrants ranges from 54 in the month of Sep-tember to 171 in November.

Categories of Immigrants. — The official publications donot give data according to the various categories into whichthe immigrants to Palestine were divided in preceding


years. Of the categories enumerated, 35.44% of the Jewishimmigrants were persons with capital and their dependents;20.82% were dependents of residents in Palestine; and18.04% were persons coming to employment, or employed,and their dependents; the rest of the immigrants, 25.70%,belonged to other categories.

The distribution of the non-Jewish immigrants wasnotably different from that of the Jewish newcomers. Only25.20% of the total admitted were listed according to thecategories mentioned. Of these, 18.24% were dependentsof Palestine residents; 5.87% were persons coming toemployment; and only 1.09% persons of means. Three-fourths of the non-Jewish immigrants (74.80%) were listedas belonging to other categories.

There is no official information on the number of per-sons refused admission.

The monthly immigration of Jews, during 1939, as dis-tinguished from registration, averaged 1,159. The largestnumber (3,745) was admitted in March, and the small-est number (124) in May. The monthly average for non-Jews was 145, the largest number (410) being admitted inFebruary, and the smallest number (47) in October.

2. From 1917 to 1939

From the date of the British occupation of Palestine,December 9, 1917, to the end of 1939, a total of 326,676Jews entered the country, the yearly number varying be-tween 61,854 in 1935 and 2,178 in 1928. The number ofJews that departed between December 9, 1917 and the endof 1921, was small. But, during the decade from 1922 to1931, a total of 27,809 Jews emigrated, or 29.53% of thenumber admitted. Figures for emigration during the sec-ond half of 1932 and the years 1933-1935 are not available.During the ten years 1922-1931, the yearly emigration ofJews varied between 666 in 1931 and 7,365 in 1926; andthe percentage of Jewish emigration to Jewish immigrationvaried between 6.36% in 1925 and 99.54% in 1928,(in1936 it was 2.60%) while in 1927, Jewish emigration ex-ceeded Jewish immigration by 86.92%. The net immigra-tion of Jews during 1922-1931 was 66,353. One year, 1927,


shows a decrease of 2,358 Jews, but all other years wit-nessed an increase of Jewish immigration over emigration,varying between 10 in 1928 and 31,650 in 1925.

A total of 25,042 non-Jews were admitted to the countryduring 1922-1939; and an additional small number betweenDecember 9,1917 and May 31, 1921, for which period nostatistics of non-Jews were kept; and during 1922-1931,1a total of 13,309 departed, being 4,035 in excess of thenumber admitted. During 1922-1939, an average of7.52% of the yearly immigration was non-Jewish, theyearly percentage varying between 2.42% in 1925, and29.42% in 1928. The yearly immigration of non-Jewsvaried between 284 in 1922 and 2,395 in 1938, and theyearly emigration for 1922-1931, between 474 in 1924and 2,064 in 1926.

' No statistics on non-Jewish emigration from 1932 to 1935 are available.


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TABLE XXXII

JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE BY CATEGORIES, 1939

Total

CATEGORY Ai. Persons with L. P. 1,000 and

upwardiii. Skilled artisans with not less

than L. P. 2502. Dependents of persons in

Category A

Category CPersons coming to employment2. Dependents of persons in

Category C

Category DDependents of residents of

Palestine

Other Categories

Number

Total

18,433

5,835

2,623

3,212

3,0791,543

1,536

3,786

5,733

Jews

16,405

5,813

2,606

3,207

2.9601,444

1,516

3,416

4,216

Non-Jews

2,028

22

17

5

11999

20

370

1,517

Distribution

Jews

100,00

35.44

44.83

55.17

18.0448.78

51.22

20.82

25.70

Non-Jews

100.00

1.09

77.27

22.73

5.8783.19

16.81

18.24

74.80

TABLE XXXIII

PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTSINTO PALESTINE, 1938-1939

United States of America

Number

1939

16,405

9,4902,3141,759

42415114810510494423612

1,726

1938

12,868

6,733414

3,269519160319

6976

129489432

1,006

Distribution

1939

100.00

57.8514.1110.722.590.920.900.640.630.570.260.220.07

10.52

1938

100.00

52.323.22

25.414.031.242.480.540.591.000.370.730.257.82

63 2 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

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Documents

STATISTICS OF JEWS - AJC Archives · STATISTICS OF JEWS The present article on Statistics of Jews follows, in the main, the arrangement of data developed in previous issues ... Pomorze