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Stealth Technology By: Shivam Srivastava 0715031091

Stealth Tech

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Page 1: Stealth Tech

Stealth Technology

By: Shivam Srivastava

0715031091

Page 2: Stealth Tech

ContentsHow a Radar System works?What is Stealth Technology?Principles of Stealth TechnologyRCS reductionTypes of RAMHistory of Stealth TechnologyCurrent Scenario in the WorldCurrent Scenario in IndiaFuture Proposal: Plasma StealthRadar Stealth LimitationsConclusionReferences

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How a Radar System works?

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What is Stealth Technology?Stealth Technology also known as Low

Observable Technology is a technology in which the object is made less visible to Radar Systems, Sonar, Infrared and other detection methods.

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Principles of Stealth TechnologyThe object can be shaped so that any radar

signals it reflects are reflected away from the radar equipment (Reduction of RCS).

The object can be covered in materials that absorb radar signals.

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Principle 1:

Most conventional aircraft have a rounded shape. The round shape means that no matter where the radar signal hits the plane, some of the signal gets reflected back.

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A stealth aircraft, on the other hand, is made up of completely flat surfaces and very sharp edges. When a radar signal hits a stealth plane, the signal reflects away at an angle, like this:

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Principle 2: Radar Absorbent Material (RAM) Radar-absorbent material, or RAM, is a

class of materials used in stealth technology to disguise a vehicle or structure from radar detection. A material's absorbency at a given frequency of radar wave depends upon its composition.

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Types of RAMIron Ball Paint: It contains tiny spheres

coated with carbonyl iron or ferrite. Radar waves induce molecular oscillations from the alternating magnetic field in this paint, which leads to conversion of the radar energy into heat. The heat is then transferred to the aircraft and dissipated.

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Foam Absorber: This material typically consists of a fireproofed urethane foam loaded with carbon black, and cut into long pyramids.  Pyramidal RAM attenuates signal by two effects- scattering and absorption.

Jaumann absorber: A Jaumann absorber or Jaumann layer is a radar absorbent device. Jaumann layer consisted of two equally-spaced reflective surfaces and a conductive ground plane.

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History of Stealth TechnologyThe Stealth Technology was introduced during World

War II in the German Submarines when they used Radar absorbent paint on it.

In 1945 the U.S. developed a RADAR-absorbent paint containing iron.

 In the mid 1960s, the U.S. built a high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft, the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird, that was extremely RADAR-stealthy for its day.

Later in 1980s, U.S. government admitted existence of Stealth Aircraft. Since then, F – 117 and B-2 bomber plane became familiar to outer world.

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Current Scenario in the WorldCurrently Fifth Generation Fighter Aircrafts

(FGFAs) are in existence, as US has developed F-22 RAPTOR Stealth Aircraft which started serving in 2005.

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Along with FGFA, the two frequently used stealth aircrafts are F-117 nighthawk and B-2 spirit bomber stealth aircrafts which were deployed by USA during Iraq and Afghanistan attacks.

Russian manufacturer Sukhoi announced that it has a market for 1000 fifth generation ‘Sukhoi PAK FA’ aircrafts over next four decades, which will be produced in a joint venture with India, including 200 aircrafts for India.

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Current Scenario in IndiaOn 11 September 2010, the Business Standard of India

reported that Russia and India signed an agreement for joint participation in a Fifth-Generation Fighter Aircraft Program(FGFA), which will give India responsibility for development of a two-seat model of the PAK-FA. It’s already being touted as superior to the American FA-22 raptor.

India has made a $25 billion deal in this project with Russia for 250 such aircrafts, each plane costing Rs. 450 crore approx. which is set to be completed in 2017.

The Indian Air Force will acquire 50 single-seater fighters of the Russian version before the two seat FGFA is developed.

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Future Proposal: PLASMA STEALTHPlasma stealth is a proposed process that uses

ionized gas (plasma) to reduce the radar cross section (RCS) of an aircraft.

A plasma is a quasineutral  mixture of ions, electrons, and neutral particles

A plasma can absorb all the energy in an incoming wave and hence reduces RCS, and this is the key to plasma stealth.

 A reduction in RCS also results in a proportional reduction in detection range, allowing an aircraft to get closer to the radar before being detected.

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A computer generated picture of ‘Plasma Stealth’ Implementation in Aircrafts.

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Radar Stealth LimitationsDesign Limitation (RCS variations):

Radar cross-section of an aircraft depends on the angle from which it is viewed, an aircraft will typically have a much smaller RCS when viewed from the front or rear than when viewed from the side or from above.

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Detection by Bi- static radars: the

transmitter and receiver of a bi-static radar are in separate locations — indeed, a single transmitter may be used by radar receivers scattered over a wide area. This greatly increases the odds that at least one of these receivers will pickup a reflected signal.

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ConclusionStealth Technology concludes its military

applications in fighter Aircrafts, so that the aircrafts designed using this technology are almost invisible to Radar detection techniques and other sonar, Infrared detection methods.

Stealth Technology is a step towards achieving invisibility. The first principle mainly concludes this by the reduction of RCS.

FGFAs designed on Stealth Technology are completely invisible to present Radar Systems.

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References‘IEEE’ Research Papers on Stealth

Technology.William F. Bahret, The Beginnings of Stealth

Technology.Rao, G.A., & Mahulikar, Integrated review of

stealth technology and its role in airpower, Aeronautical Journal.

Discovery Channel TV show ‘Future Weapons’, ‘Fighter Aircrafts’.

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