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Chain SawSafety Manual
Warning!Read and follow all safety precautionsin the Safety Manual – improper usecan cause serious or fatal injury.
To reduce risk of injury STIHL recommends the useof STIHL Quickstop chain brake on your powerheadwith STIHL reduced kickback bar and low kickback chain.
Chain_saw_safety_Manual 29.07.1998 13:28 Uhr Seite 1
A. Kickback Safety Precautions
!Warning!Kickback may occur when the noseor tip of the guide bar touches anobject, or when the wood closes inand pinches the saw chain in thecut. Tip contact in some cases maycause a lightning fast reversereaction, kicking the guide bar upand back towards the operator.Pinching the saw chain along thetop of the guide bar may push theguide bar rapidly back towards theoperator. Either of these reactionsmay cause you to lose control of thesaw which could result in seriouspersonal injury.
Section 5.12 of ANSI B 175.1-1991sets certain performance anddesign criteria related to chainsawkickback. STIHL has developed acolor code system using green andyellow to help you select a power-head, bar and chain combinationthat complies with the kickbackrequirements of the ANSI Standard.See the sections entitled "SafetyPrecautions" and "Specifications"of this manual.
Do not rely exclusively upon thesafety devices built into your saw.As a chainsaw user, you should
take several steps to keep yourcutting jobs free from accident orinjury.
1. With a basic understanding ofkickback, you can reduce or eli-minate the element of surprise.Sudden surprise contributes toaccidents.
2. Keep a good firm grip on thesaw with both hands, the righthand on the rear handle,and the left hand on the fronthandle, when the engine is run-ning. Use a firm grip withthumbs and fingers encirclingthe chainsaw handles.A firm grip will help you reducekickback and maintain controlof the saw.Don’t let go.
3. Make sure the area in which youare cutting is free from obstruc-tions. Do not let the nose of theguide bar contact a log, branch,or any other obstruction whileyou are operating the saw.
4. Cut at high engine speeds.
5. Do not overreach or cut aboveshoulder height.
6. Follow manufacturer’ssharpening and maintenanceinstructions for the saw chain.
7. Only use replacement bars andchains specified by the manu-facturer or the equivalent.
8. Reduced kickback bars and lowkickback chains are designedto reduce the risk of kickbackinjury. Ask your STIHL dealerabout these devices.
B. Other Safety Precautions
1. Do not operate a chainsaw withone hand! Serious injury to theoperator, helpers, bystanders,or any combination of thesepersons may result from one-handed operation. A chainsawis intended to be used with twohands.
2. Do not operate a chainsaw whenyou are fatigued.
3. Use safety footwear; snug-fittingclothing; protective gloves; andeye, hearing, and head protect-ion devices.
Important Safety Precautions for Chain Saw Users
continued on the back inside cover
This manual contains the safety pre-cautions and recommended cutting tech-niques outlined in STIHL chainsawOwner’s Manuals. Even if you are an experienced chainsaw user, it is in yourown interests to familiarize yourself withthe latest rules and regulations regard-ing safe use of your chainsaw.
Please note that the illustrations on page 2 show the chainsaw STIHL 023.
Other chainsaw models may have different parts and controls. You shouldtherefore always refer to the Owner’sManual of your particular saw model.
�Warning!Because a chainsaw is a high-speed wood-cutting tool, some special safetyprecautions must be observed as withany other power saw to reduce the riskof personal injury. Careless or improperuse may cause serious or even fatal injury. Read and follow all safety pre-cautions in current Owner’s Manual orSafety Manual. Always use two hands tooperate the chainsaw.
�Warning!Avoid contact of bar tip with any object.This can cause the guide bar to kick sud-denly up and back, which may result inserious or fatal injury. To reduce the riskof kickback injury STIHL recommendsthe use of STIHL green labeled reducedkickback bars and low kickback chainsand a STIHL Quickstop chain brake.
Contact your STIHL dealer or the STIHLdistributor for your area if you do not understand any of the instructions in thismanual.
Main Parts of Saw 2Definitions 3
Safety Precautions 4- The Operator 4- The Saw 6- The Use of the Saw 6- Maintenance, Repair and Storing 23
Maintenance Chart 25
Contents
1999 Andreas Stihl AG & Co., Waiblingen
0457 184 3021. M45. L9. T. Printed in Germany
Printed on chlorine-free paper
Printing inks contain vegetable oils,paper is recyclable
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Main Parts of the Saw
1 = Fuel pump (easy start*)2 = Twist lock3 = Chain brake4 = Oilomatic saw chain5 = Guide bar6 = Front chain tensioner7 = Side chain tensioner8 = Adjusting wheel of quick tensioner *)9 = Chain sprocket
10 = Chain sprocket cover11 = Bumper spike12 = Chain catcher13 = Decompression valve (easy start*)
*) Special option
20 = Muffler21 = Starter grip22 = Spark plug terminal23 = Oil filler cap24 = Fuel filler cap25 = Master control lever26 = Throttle trigger interlock27 = Throttle trigger28 = Front handle29 = Front hand guard30 = Rear handle31 = Rear hand guard
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1. Fuel Pump.Fills carburator with fuel to simplifystarting.
2. Twist Lock.Lock for carburetor box cover.
3. Chain Brake.A device to stop the rotation of thechain if activated in a kickbacksituation by the operator’s hand orby inertia.
4. Oilomatic Saw Chain.A loop consisting of cutters, tie strapsand drive links.
5. Guide Bar.Supports and guides the saw chain.
6. Front Chain Tensioner.Permits precise adjustment of chaintension.
7. Side Chain Tensioner.Permits precise adjustment of chaintension.
8. Adjusting Wheel.Permits precise adjustment of chaintension.
9. Chain Sprocket.The toothed wheel that drives thesaw chain.
10. Chain Sprocket Cover.Covers the clutch and the sprocket.
11. Bumper Spike.Toothed stop for holding saw steadyagainst wood.
12. Chain Catcher.Helps to reduce the risk of operatorcontact by a chain when it breaksor comes off the bar.
13. Decompression Valve.Releases compression pressureto make starting easier.
20. Muffler.Reduces engine exhaust noise anddirects the exhaust gases.
21. Starter Grip.The grip of the starter, for startingthe engine.
22. Spark Plug Terminal.Connects the spark plug with theignition wire.
23. Oil Filler Cap.For closing the oil tank.
24. Fuel Filler Cap.For closing the fuel tank.
25. Master Control Lever.Lever for choke control, startingthrottle, run and stop switch positions.
26. Throttle Trigger Interlock.Must be depressed before thethrottle trigger can be activated.
27. Throttle Trigger.Controls the speed of the engine.
28. Front Handle.Handle bar for the left hand at frontof saw.
29. Front Hand Guard.Provides protection against projectingbranches and helps prevent the lefthand from touching the chain if it slipsoff the handle bar.
30. Rear Handle.The support handle for the right handlocated at or toward the rear of thesaw.
31. Rear Hand Guard.Gives added protection to operator’sright hand.
Guide Bar Nose.The exposed end of the guide bar.(not illustrated, see chapter"Tensioning the Saw Chain".)
Clutch.Couples engine to chain sprocketwhen engine is accelerated beyondidle speed. (not illustrated).
Anti-Vibration System.The anti-vibration system includesa number of buffers designed toreduce the transmission of engineand cutting attachment vibrations tothe operator’s hands. (not illustrated).
Definitions
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The use of any chainsawmay be hazardous.The saw chain has manysharp cutters. If thecutters contact your flesh,
they will cut you, even if the chain is notmoving. At full throttle, the chain speedcan reach 45 mph (20 m/s). It is impor-tant that you read, fully understandand observe the following safety precau-tions and warnings. Read the Owner’sManual and the safety instructionsperiodically.
Pay special attention to the section onreactive forces.
�Warning!Reactive forces, including kickback, canbe dangerous. Careless or improper useof any chainsaw may cause serious orfatal injury.
All safety precautions that are generallyobserved when working with an ax or ahand saw also apply to the operation ofchainsaws. However, because a chain-saw is a high-speed, fast-cutting powertool, special safety precautions must beobserved to reduce the risk of personalinjury.
Have your STIHL dealer show you howto operate your chainsaw. Observe allapplicable local safety regulations,standards and ordinances.
�Warning!Minors should never be allowed to use achainsaw. Bystanders, especiallychildren, and animals should not beallowed in the area where a chainsaw isin use. Never let the saw run unattended.Store it in a locked place away fromchildren and empty the fuel tank beforestoring for longer than a few days.
Do not lend or rent yourchainsaw without theOwner‘s Manual. Be surethat anyone using yoursaw reads and under-
stands the information contained in thismanual.
These safety precautions and warningsapply to the use of all STIHL chainsaws.Different models may have differentparts and controls. See the appropriatesection of your Owner’s Manual for adescription of the controls and functionof the parts of your model saw.
Safe use of a chainsaw involves
1. the operator2. the saw3. the use of the saw.
THE OPERATOR
Physical Condition
You must be in good physical conditionand mental health and not under theinfluence of any substance (drugs,alcohol) which might impair vision,dexterity or judgment.
Do not operate a chainsaw when you arefatigued. Be alert – If you get tired whileoperating your chainsaw, take a break.Tiredness may result in loss of control.Working with any chainsaw can bestrenuous. If you have any condition thatmight be aggravated by strenuous work,check with your doctor before operatinga chainsaw.
�Warning!Prolonged use of chainsaws (or othermachines) exposing the operator tovibrations may produce whitefingerdisease (Raynaud’s phenomenon) orcarpal tunnel syndrome. These conditions
Safety Precautions
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reduce the hand’s ability to feel andregulate temperature, produce numb-ness and burning sensations and maycause nerve and circulation damage andtissue necrosis.
All factors which contribute to whitefingerdisease are not known, but cold weather,smoking and diseases or physical condi-tions that affect blood vessels and bloodtransport, as well as high vibration levelsand long periods of exposure to vibrationare mentioned as factors in the develop-ment of whitefinger disease. In order toreduce the risk of whitefinger diseaseand carpal tunnel syndrome, pleasenote the following:
– Many STIHL models are availablewith an anti-vibration (“AV”) systemdesigned to reduce the transmissionof vibrations created by the engineand cutting attachment to theoperator’s hands. An AV system isrecommended for those personsusing chainsaws on a regular orsustained basis.
– Wear gloves and keep your handswarm. Heated handles, which areavailable on most STIHL power-heads, are recommended for coldweather use.
– Keep the saw chain sharp and the saw, including the AV system, wellmaintained. A dull chain will in-crease cutting time, and pressing adull chain through wood will in-crease the vibrations transmitted toyour hands. A saw with loose com-ponents or with damaged or wornAV buffers will also tend to havehigher vibration levels.
– Maintain a firm grip at all times, butdo not squeeze the handles withconstant, excessive pressures.Take frequent breaks.
All the above mentioned precautions donot guarantee that you will not sustainwhitefinger disease or carpal tunnelsyndrome. Therefore, continual andregular users should monitor closely thecondition of their hands and fingers.If any of the above symptoms appear,seek medical advice immediately.
Proper Clothing
�Warning!To reduce the risk of injury, the operatorshould wear proper protective apparel.
Clothing must be sturdyand snug-fitting, but allowcomplete freedom ofmovement. Avoid loose-fitting jackets, scarfs,
neckties, jewelry, flared or cuffed pants,unconfined long hair or anything thatcould become entangled with the saw orbrush. Wear overalls or jeans with areinforced cut retardant insert or cutretardant chaps.
Protect your hands withgloves when handlingsaw and saw chain.Heavyduty, nonslipgloves improve your gripand protect your hands.
Good footing is mostimportant in chainsawwork. Wear sturdy bootswith nonslip soles.Steel-toed safety bootsare recommended.
To reduce the risk of injury to your eyesnever operate a chainsaw unlesswearing goggles or properly fitted safetyglasses with adequate top and sideprotection complying with your nationalstandard.
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Wear an approved safetyhard hat to protect yourhead. Chainsaw noisemay damage yourhearing. Always wearsound barriers (ear plugs
or ear mufflers) to protect your hearing.Continual and regular users should havetheir hearing checked regularly.
THE SAW
Parts of the chainsaw; for illustrationsand definitions of the parts see thechapter on “Main Parts of Saw”.
�Warning!Never modify a chainsaw in any way.Only attachments and parts supplied bySTIHL or expressly approved by STIHLfor use with the specific STIHL sawmodels are authorized. Although certainunauthorized attachments are useablewith the STIHL powerhead, their usemay, in fact, be extremely dangerous.
THE USE OF THE SAW
Transporting the chainsaw
�Warning!Always stop the engine before putting achainsaw down or carrying it. Carrying achainsaw with the engine running isextremely dangerous.
Accidental acceleration of the enginecan cause the chain to rotate. Duringoperation, the powerhead muffler andthe material around it reach extremelyhigh temperatures. Avoid touching thehot muffler, you could receive seriousburns.
By hand: When carrying your saw byhand, the engine must be stopped andthe saw must be in the proper position.
Grip the front handle and place themuffler away from the body.
The chain guard (scabbard) should beover the chain and the guide bar, whichshould point backwards. When carryingyour saw, the bar should be behind you.
By vehicle: When transporting in avehicle, keep chain and bar covered withthe chain guard. Properly secure yoursaw to prevent turnover, fuel spillageand damage to the saw.
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Preparation for the use of the saw
Take off the chain guard and inspect forsafety in operation. For assembly, followthe procedure described in the chapter“Mounting the Bar and Chain” of yourOwner’s Manual.
STIHL Oilomatic chain, guide bar andsprocket must match each other ingauge and pitch.
Before replacing any bar and chain,see the sections on “Specifications”,"Kickback" and the "ANSI B 175.1-1991chainsaw kickback standard" in this manual.
�Warning!Proper tension of the chain is extremelyimportant. In order to avoid impropersetting, the tensioning procedure mustbe followed as described in your manual.Always make sure the hexagonal nut(s)for the sprocket cover is (are) tightenedsecurely after tensioning the chain.Never start the saw with the sprocketcover loose. Check chain tension oncemore after having tightened the nut(s)
and thereafter at regular intervals (when-ever the saw is shut off). If the chainbecomes loose while cutting, shut off theengine and then tighten. Never try totighten the chain while the engine isrunning!
Fueling
Your STIHL chainsaw uses an oil-gaso-line mixture for fuel (see chapter “Fuel”of your Owner’s Manual).
�Warning!Gasoline is an extremely flammable fuel.If spilled or ignited by a spark or otherignition source, it can cause fire andserious burn injury or property damage.Use extreme caution when handlinggasoline or fuel mix.
Do not smoke or bringany fire or flame near thefuel or the chainsaw.Note that combustiblefuel vapors may be ventedfrom the fuel system.
Fueling Instructions
�Warning!Fuel your chainsaw in well-ventilatedareas, outdoors only. Always shut off theengine and allow it to cool before refue-ling. Gasoline vapor pressure may buildup inside the gas tank of a two cycleengine depending on the fuel used, theweather conditions, and the ventingsystem of the tank. In order to reducethe risk of burns or other personal injuryfrom escaping gas vapor and fumes,remove the fuel filler cap on the STIHLproduct carefully so as to allow anypressure build-up in the tank to releaseslowly. Never remove fuel filler cap whileengine is running.
Select bare ground for fueling and moveat least 10 feet (3 m) from fueling spotbefore starting the engine. Wipe off anyspilled fuel before starting your saw, andcheck for leakage.
�Warning!Check for fuel leakage while refuelingand during operation. If fuel or oil leakageis found, do not start or run the engineuntil leak is fixed and spilled fuel hasbeen wiped away. Take care not to getfuel on your clothing. If this happens,change your clothing immediately.
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�Warning!Unit vibrations can cause an improperlytightened fuel filler cap to loosen or comeoff and spill quantities of fuel. In order toreduce the risk of fuel spillage and fire,tighten fuel filler cap by hand with asmuch force as possible.
The screwdriver end ofthe STIHL combinationwrench or other similartool can be used as an aidin tightening slotted fuelfiller caps.
StartingThe chain brake must be engaged whenstarting the saw.
�Warning!Your chainsaw is a one-person saw.Do not allow other persons to be nearthe running chainsaw. Start and operateyour saw without assistance. For specificstarting instructions, see the appropriatesection of the Owner’s Manual. Properstarting methods reduce the risk of injury.Do not drop start. This method is verydangerous because you may lose controlof the saw.
There are two recommended methodsfor starting your chainsaw.
With the first method, the chainsaw isstarted on the ground. Make sure thechain brake is engaged (see “ChainBrake” chapter in your Owner’s Manual)and place the chainsaw on firm groundor other solid surface in an open area.Maintain good balance and securefooting.
Grip the front handlebar of the saw firmlywith your left hand and press down.For saws with a rear handle level withthe ground, put the toe of your right footinto the rear handle and press down.With your right hand pull out the startergrip slowly until you feel a definiteresistance and then give it a brisk,strong pull.
The second recommended method forstarting your chainsaw allows you to startthe saw without placing it on theground. Make sure the chain brake isengaged, grip the front handle of thechainsaw firmly with your left hand.Keep your arm on the front handle in alocked (straight) position. Hold the rearhandle of the saw tightly between yourlegs just above the knees. Maintain goodbalance and secure footing. Pull thestarting grip slowly with your right handuntil you feel a definite resistance and thengive it a brisk, strong pull.
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�Warning!Be sure that the guide bar and chain areclear of you and all other obstructionsand objects, including the ground. Whenthe engine is started, the engine speedwith the starting throttle lock engagedwill be fast enough for the clutch toengage the sprocket and, if the chain-brake is not activated, turn the chain. If the upper quadrant of the tip of the bartouches any object, it may cause kick-back to occur (see section on reactiveforces). To reduce this risk, always engage the chain brake before starting.Never attempt to start the chainsawwhen the guide bar is in a cut or kerf.
�Warning!When you pull the starter grip, do notwrap the starting rope around yourhands. Do not allow the grip to snapback, but guide the starter rope slowlyback to permit the rope to rewindproperly. Failure to follow this proceduremay result in injury to hand or fingersand may damage the starter mechanism.
Important adjustments
�Warning!To reduce the risk of personal injury fromloss of control or contact with therunning chain, do not use a saw withincorrect idle adjustment. At correct idlespeed, the chain should not rotate. Fordirections to adjust idle speed, see theappropriate section of your Owner’sManual. If you cannot set the correct idlespeed, have your STIHL dealer checkyour saw and make proper adjustmentsor repairs.
After adjusting a chain, start the saw, letthe engine run for a while, then switchengine off and recheck chain tension.Proper chain tension is very important atall times.
Working Conditions
Operate the chainsaw under goodvisibility and daylight conditions only.
�Warning!Your chainsaw producespoisonous exhaust fumesas soon as the combusti-ble engine is running.These gases (e.g. carbon
monoxide) may be colorless and odor-less.
To reduce the risk of serious or fatalinjury from breathing toxic fumes, neverrun the chainsaw indoors or in poorlyventilated locations. Ensure proper venti-lation when working in trenches or otherconfined areas.
��Warning!Use of this product (including sharpen-ing the saw chain) can generate dust,mists and fumes containing chemicalsknown to cause respiratory disease, can-cer, birth defects, or other reproductiveharm. If you are unfamiliar with the risksassociated with the particular dust, mistor fume at issue, consult your employer,governmental agencies such as OSHAand NIOSH and other sources on hazar-dous materials. California and someother authorities, for instance, have pub-lished lists of substances known to causecancer, reproductive toxicity, etc.
Control dust (such as sawdust), mists(such as oli mist from chain lubrication)and fumes at the source where possible.In this regard use good work practicesand follow the recommendations ofOSHA / NIOSH and occupational andtrade associations. When the inhalationof toxic dust, mists and fumes cannot be
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eliminated, the operator and any by-standers should always wear a respiratorapproved by NIOSH / MSHA for the typesubstance at issue.
�Warning!Breathing asbestos dust is dangerousand can cause severe or fatal injury, re-spiratory illness or cancer. The use anddisposal of asbestos containing productshave been strictly regulated by OSHAand the Environmental Protection Agen-cy. Do not cut or disturb asbestos, asbe-stos containing products (e.g. asbestoscontaining drywall or other constructionproducts), or products such as pipeswhich are wrapped or covered with asbe-stos insulation. If you have any reasonto believe that you might be cutting asbe-stos, immediately contact your employeror a local OSHA representative.
The muffler and other parts of the engine(e.g. fins of the cylinder, spark plug)become hot during operation and remainhot for a while after stopping the engine.To reduce risk of burns do not touch themuffler and other parts while they are
hot. Don’t work alone. Keep within callingdistance of others in case help is needed.
Your chainsaw is equipped with a chaincatcher. It is designed to reduce the riskof personal injury in the event of a thrownor broken chain. From time to time thecatcher may be damaged or removed.To reduce the risk of personal injury,do not operate a chainsaw with adamaged or missing catcher.
Inspect buffers periodically. Replacedamaged, broken or excessively wornbuffers immediately, since they mayresult in loss of control of the saw.
A “sponginess” in the feel of the saw,increased vibration or increased“bottoming” during normal operationmay indicate damage, breakage orexcessive wear. Buffers should alwaysbe replaced in sets. If you have anyquestions as to whether the buffersshould be replaced, consult your STIHLservicing dealer.
�Warning!Take extreme care in wet and freezingweather (rain, snow, ice). Put off thework when the weather is windy, stormyor rainfall is heavy.
�Warning!Avoid stumbling on obstacles such asstumps, roots or rocks and watch out forholes or ditches. Clear the area whereyou are working. Be extremely cautiouswhen working on slopes or unevenground. There is increased danger ofslipping on freshly debarked logs.
�Warning!To reduce the riskof serious or fatal injury to the opera-tor or bystanders, never use the sawwith one hand.
You cannot control reactive forces andyou may lose control of the saw, whichcan result in the skating or bouncing ofthe bar and chain along the limb or log.
Even for those compact saws designedfor use in confined spaces, one-handedoperation is dangerous because theoperator may lose control.
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Cutting InstructionsGrip: Always hold the saw firmly withboth hands when the engine is running.Place your left hand on front handle barand your right hand on rear handle andthrottle trigger. Left-handers shouldfollow these instructions too.
Wrap your fingers tightly around thehandles, keeping the handles cradledbetween your thumb and forefinger.With your hands in this position, you canbest oppose and absorb the push, pulland kickback forces of your saw withoutlosing control (see section on reactiveforces). Make sure your chainsawhandles and grip are in good conditionand free of moisture, pitch, oil or grease.
�Warning!Do not operate your chainsaw with thestarting throttle lock engaged. Cuttingwith the starting throttle lock engageddoes not permit the operator propercontrol of the saw or chain speed.
�Warning!Never touch a chain with your hand orany part of your body when the engine isrunning, even when the chain is notrotating. The chain continues to rotatefor a short period after the throttle triggeris released.
�Warning!Do not cut any material other than woodor wooden objects.Use your chainsaw for cutting only.It is not designed for prying or shovelingaway limbs, roots or other objects.When sawing, make sure that the sawchain does not touch any foreignmaterials such as rocks, fences, nailsand the like.
Such objects may be flung off, damagethe saw chain or cause the saw tokickback.
�Warning!In order to keep control of your saw,always maintain a firm foothold.
Never work on a ladder, or on any otherinsecure support. Never use the sawabove shoulder height.
�Warning!Never work in a tree unless you havereceived specific, professional trainingfor such work, are properly secured(such as tackle and harness system or alift bucket), have both hands free foroperating the chainsaw in a crampedenvironment and have taken properprecautions to avoid injury from fallinglimbs or branches.
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Position the chainsaw in such a way thatyour body is clear of the cutting attach-ment whenever the engine is running.Stand to the left of cut while bucking.
Don’t put pressure on the saw whenreaching the end of a cut. The pressuremay cause the bar and rotating chain topop out of the cut or kerf, go out ofcontrol and strike the operator or someother object. If the rotating chain strikessome other object, a reactive force maycause the moving chain to strike theoperator.
Reactive forces including kickback
�Warning!Reactives forces may occur any time thechain is rotating. Reactives forces canbe dangerous! In any chainsaw, the
powerful force used to cut wood can bereversed (and work against the opera-tor). If the rotating chain is suddenlystopped by contact with any solid objectlike a log or branch or is pinched, thereactive forces may occur instantly.These reactive forces may result in lossof control which may, in turn, causeserious or fatal injury. An understandingof the causes of these reactive forcesmay helpyou avoid loss of control.
The most common reactive forces are– kickback,– pushback,– pull-in.
Kickback:Kickback may occur whenthe moving saw chainnear the upper quadrant ofthe bar nose contacts asolid object or is pinched.
The reaction of the cutting force of thechain causes a rotational force on thechainsaw in the direction opposite to thechain movement. This may fling the barup and back in an uncontrolled arcmainly in the plane of the bar. Undersome cutting circumstances the barmoves towards the operator, who maysuffer severe or fatal injury.
Kickback may occur when the nose ofthe guide bar is pinched unexpectedly,unintentionally contacts solid material inthe wood or is incorrectly used to begina plunge or boring cut.
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It may also occur during limbing.The greater the force of the kickbackreaction, the more difficult it becomes forthe operator to control the saw. Manyfactors influence the occurrence andforce of the kickback reaction. Theseinclude chain speed, the speed at whichthe bar and chain contact the object, theangle of contact, the condition of thechain and other factors.
The type of bar and saw chain you useis an important factor in the occurrenceand force of the kickback reaction.Some STIHL bar and chain types aredesigned to reduce kickback forces.STIHL recommends the use of reducedkickback bars and low kickback chains.
ANSI B 175.1-1991 chainsaw kickbackstandard
Section 5.12 of ANSI standard B 175.1–1991, sets certain performance anddesign criteria related to chainsawkickback.To comply with section 5.12 of ANSI B175.1-1991:
a) saws with a displacement of less than3.8 cubic inches
– must, in their original condition,meet a 45° computer derivedkickback angle when equipped withcertain cutting attachments.
– and must be equipped with at leasttwo devices to reduce the risk ofkickback injury, such as a chainbrake, low kickback chain, reducedkickback bar, etc.
b) saws with a displacement of 3.8 cubicinches and above
– must be equipped with at least onedevice designed to reduce the riskof kickback injury such as a chainbrake, low kickback chain, reducedkickback bar, etc.
The computer derived angles for sawsbelow 3.8 cubic inch displacement aremeasured by applying a computerprogram to test results from a kickbacktest machine.
�Warning!The computer derived angles of § 5.12 ofANSI B 175.1-1991 may bear no rela-tionship to actual kickback bar rotation
angles that may occur in real life cuttingsituations. Compliance with § 5.12 ofANSI B 175.1-1991 does not automatic-ally mean that in a real life kickback thebar and chain will rotate at most 45°.
�Warning!In order for powerheads below 3.8 cubicinch displacement to comply with thecomputed kickback angle requirementsof § 5.12 of ANSI B 175.1-1991 use onlythe following cutting attachments:
– bar and chain combinations listed ascomplying in the “Specifications”section of the Owner’s Manual or
– other replacement bar and chaincombinations marked in accordancewith the standard for use on thepowerhead or
– replacement chain designated“low kickback saw chain’’.
See the section on "Low kickback sawchain and reduced kickback bars"
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Devices for reducing the risk ofkickback injury
STIHL recommends the use of the STIHLQuickstop chain brake on your power-head with green labeled reduced kick-back bars and low kickback chains.
�Warning!To reduce the risk of injury, stop usingthe saw immediately if the chain brakedoes not function properly. Take the sawto your local STIHL Service Centre! Donot use the saw until the problem hasbeen rectified (see the section “ChainBrake”).
Quickstop chain brake
STIHL has developed a chain stoppingsystem designed to reduce the risk ofinjury in certain kickback situations.It is called a Quickstop chain brake.The Quickstop is available as standardequipment on your STIHL chainsaw andis available for installation on most olderSTIHL saws. Ask your dealer to retrofityour older model saw with a chain brake.
When a kickback occurs, the guide barmay rotate around the front handle. If thecutting position is such that the operator’sleft hand is gripping the front handlebehind the hand guard, and if the lefthand rotates around the front handle andmakes a sufficiently forceful contact withthe front hand guard, which is the Quick-stop activating lever, this contact willactivate the Quickstop. The chain brakeon most new model STIHL chainsawscan also be activated by inertia. See thechapter entitled “Chain Brake” of yourOwner’s Manual.
�Warning!Never operate your chainsaw without afront hand guard. In a kickback situationthis guard helps protect your left hand orother parts of your body. In addition,removal of the hand guard on a sawequipped with a chain brake will deactivatethe chain brake.
�Warning!No Quickstop or other chain brakedevice prevents kickback. These devicesare designed to reduce the risk ofkickback injury, if activated, in certainkickback situations. In order for theQuickstop to reduce the risk of kickbackinjury, it must be properly maintainedand in good working order. See thechapter entitled “Chain Brake” and“Maintenance, Repair and Storing” ofyour Owner’s Manual. In addition, theremust be enough distance between thebar and the operator to ensure that theQuickstop has sufficient time to activateand stop the chain before potentialcontact with the operator.
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�Warning!An improperly maintained chain brakemay increase the time needed to stopthe chain after activation, or may notactivate at all.
�Warning!Never run the chainsaw above idlespeed for more than 3 seconds whenthe chain brake is engaged or the chainis pinched or otherwise caught in the cut.Clutch slippage can cause excessiveheat, leading to severe damage of themotor housing, clutch and oiler compo-nent and may interfere with the operationof the chain brake. If clutch slippage inexcess of 3 seconds has occured, allowthe motor housing to cool before pro-ceeding and check the operation of yourchain brake as described in the chapterentitled “Chain Brake”. Also make surethat the chain is not turning at idle speed(see above “Important Adjustments”).
Low kickback saw chain and reducedkickback bars"
STIHL offers a variety of bars andchains. STIHL reduced kickback barsand low kickback chains are designed to
reduce the risk of kickback injury. Otherchains are designed to obtain higher cut-ting efficiency or sharpening ease butmay result in higher kickback tendency.
STIHL has developed a color codesystem to help you identify the STIHLreduced kickback bars and low kick-back chains. Cutting attachments withgreen warning decals or green labels onthe packaging are designed to reducethe risk of kickback injury. The matchingof green decaled powerheads under 3.8cubic inch displacement with greenlabeled bars and green labeled chainsgives compliance with the computedkickback angle requirements of ANSI B175.1-1991 when the products are intheir original condition. Products withyellow decals or labels are for users withextraordinary cutting needs and experience and specialized training fordealing with kickback.
STIHL recommends the use of itsgreen labeled reduced kickback bars,green labeled low kickback chainsand a STIHL Quickstop chain brakefor both experienced and inexpe-rienced chainsaw users.
Please ask your STlHL dealer to properlymatch your powerhead with the appro-priate bar/chain combinations to reducethe risk of kickback injury. Green labeledbars and chains are recommended for allpowerheads. See your “STIHL Bar andChain Information” leaflet for details.
�Warning!Use of other, non-listed bar/chain combi-nations may increase kickback forcesand increase the risk of kickback injury.New bar/chain combinations may bedeveloped after publication of this litera-ture, which will, in combination withcertain powerheads, comply with § 5.12of ANSI B 175.1-1991. Check with yourSTIHL dealer for such combinations.
�Warning! Reduced kickback bars and low kickbackchains do not prevent kickback, but theyare designed to reduce the risk of kick-back injury. They are available from yourSTIHL dealer.
�Warning!Even if your saw is equipped with aQuickstop, a reduced kickback barand/or low kickback chain, this does noteliminate the risk of injury by kickback.Therefore, always observe all safetyprecautions to avoid kickback situations.
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Low kickback chain
Some types of saw chain have speciallydesigned components to reduce theforce of nose contact kickback. STIHLhas developed low kickback chain foryour powerhead.
“Low kickback saw chain” is a chainwhich has met the kickback performancerequirements of § 5.12.2.4 ofANSI B 175.1-1991 (Safety Require-ments for Gasoline-Powered Chain-Saws) when tested on a selected repre-sentative sample of chainsaws below3.8 cubic inch displacement specified inANSI B 175.1-1991.
�Warning!There are potential powerhead and barcombinations with which low kickbacksaw chains can be used which have notbeen specifically certified to comply withthe 45° computer derived kickback angleof § 5.12 of ANSI B 175.1-1991.Some low kickback chains have notbeen tested with all powerhead and barcombinations.
�Warning! A dull or improperly sharpened chainmay reduce or negate the effects of thedesign features intended to reduce
kickback energy. Improper lowering orsharpening of the depth gauges orshaping of the cutters may increase thechance and the potential energy of akickback. Always cut with a properlysharpened chain.
Reduced kickback bar
STIHL green labeled reduced kickbackbars are designed to reduce the risk ofkickback injury when used with STIHLgreen labeled low kickback chains.
�Warning! When used with other, more aggressivechains, these bars may be less effectivein reducing kickback, and may result inhigher kickback forces.
Bow Guides
�Warning!Do not mount a bow guide on anySTIHL chainsaw.Any chainsaw equipped with a bowguide is potentially very dangerous.The risk of kickback is increased with abow guide because of the increasedkickback contact area. Low kickbackchain will not significantly reduce the riskof kickback injury when used on a bowguide.
To avoid kickback
The best protection from personal injurythat may result from kickback is to avoidkickback situations:
1. Hold the chainsaw firmly with bothhands and maintain a secure grip.
2. Be aware of the location of the guidebar nose at all times.
3. Never let the nose of the guide barcontact any object. Do not cut limbswith the nose of the guide bar.Be especially careful when cuttingsmall, tough limbs, small size brushand saplings which may easily catchthe chain.
4 Don’t overreach. 5. Don’t cut above shoulder height. 6. Begin cutting and continue at full
throttle. 7. Cut only one log at a time. 8. Use extreme caution when reentering
a previous cut. 9. Do not attempt to plunge cut if you
are not experienced with thesecutting techniques.
10. Be alert for shifting of the log or other forces that may cause the cut toclose and pinch the chain.
11. Maintain saw chain properly. Cut witha correctly sharpened, properlytensioned chain at all times.
12. Stand to the side of the cutting pathof the chainsaw.
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A = Pull-in:
Pull-in occurs when the chain on thebottom of the bar is suddenly stoppedwhen it is pinched, caught or encountersa foreign object in the wood. The reactionof the chain pulls the saw forward andmay cause the operator to lose control.
Pull-in frequently occurs when thebumper spike of the saw is not heldsecurely against the tree or limb andwhen the chain is not rotating at fullspeed before it contacts the wood.
�Warning! Use extreme caution when cutting smallsize brush and saplings which may easilycatch the chain and pull you off balance.
To avoid pull-in1. Always start a cut with the chain
rotating at full speed and the bumperspike in contact with the wood.
2. Pull-in may also be prevented by using wedges to open the kerf or cut.
B = Pushback:
Pushback occurs when the chain on thetop of the bar is suddenly stopped whenit is pinched, caught or encounters aforeign object in the wood. The reactionof the chain drives the saw straight backtoward the operator and may cause lossof saw control. Pushback frequentlyoccurs when the top of the bar is used forcutting.
To avoid pushback
1. Be alert to forces or situations thatmay cause material to pinch the topof the chain.
2. Do not cut more than one log at a time.
3. Do not twist the saw whenwithdrawing the bar from a plungecut or underbuck cut because thechain can pinch.
Cutting Techniques
Felling
Felling is cutting down a tree.
Before felling a tree, consider carefully allconditions which may affect the directionof fall, including:
The intended direction of the fall.
The natural lean of the tree.
Any unusually heavy limb structure.
Surrounding trees and obstacles.
The wind direction and speed.
�Warning! Always observe the general condition ofthe tree. Inexperienced users shouldnever attempt to cut trees which aredecayed or rotted inside or which areleaning or otherwise under tension.There is an increased risk that such treescould snap or split while being cut andcause serious or fatal injury to theoperator or bystanders. Also look forbroken or dead branches which couldvibrate loose and fall on the operator.When felling on a slope, the operatorshould stand on the uphill side ifpossible.
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Felling Instructions:
When felling, maintain a distance of atleast 21/2 tree lengths from the nearestperson.
When felling in the vicinity of roads,railways and power lines, etc., take extraprecautions. Inform the police, utilitycompany or railway authority beforebeginning to cut.
�Warning!The noise of your engine may drown anywarning call.
�Warning!There are a number of factors that mayaffect and change the intended directionof fall, e.g. wind, lean of tree, slopingground, one-sided limb structure, woodstructure, decay, snow load, etc. To re-duce the risk of severe or fatal injury toyourself or others, look for these condi-tions prior to beginning the cut, and bealert for a change in direction during fall.
Escape path
First clear the tree base and work areafrom interfering limbs and brush andclean its lower portion with an ax.
Then, establish two paths of escape (B)and remove all obstacles. These pathsshould be generally opposite to the plan-ned direction of the fall of the tree (A)and about at a 45° angle. Place alltools and equipment a safe distance awayfrom the tree, but not on the escape paths.
Buttress roots
If the tree has large buttress roots, cutinto the largest buttress vertically first(horizontally next) and remove theresulting piece.
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Gunning sight
When making the felling notch, use thegunning sight on the shroud and housingto check the required direction of fall:
• Position the saw so that thegunning sight points exactly in thedirection you want the tree to fall.
Conventional cut
A = felling notch - determines thedirection of the fall
For a conventional cut:
• Properly place felling notchperpendicular to the Iine of fall,close to the ground
• Cut down at app. 45-degree angleto a depth of about 1/5 to 1/4 of thetrunk diameter
• Make second cut horizontal• Remove resulting 45-degree piece
Open-face technique
A = felling notch - determines thedirection of the fall
For an open-face cut:
• Properly place felling notchperpendicular to the Iine of falI,close to the ground
• Cut down at app. 50-degree angleto a depth of app.1/5 to 1/4 of thetrunk diameter
• Make second cut from below atapp. 40 degree angle
• Remove resulting 90-degree piece
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Making sapwood cuts
• For medium sized or larger treesmake cuts at both sides of the trunk,
• at same height as subsequentfelling cut.
• Cut to no more than width of guidebar.
This is especially important in softwood in summer - it helps preventsapwood splintering when the treefalls.
B = Felling cut Conventional and open-face technique:
• Begin 1 to 2 inches higher thancenter of felling notch
• Cut horizontalIy towards the fellingnotch
• Leave approx.1/10 of diameter uncut.This is the hinge
• Do not cut through the hinge –you could lose control of thedirection of the fall
Drive wedges into the felling cut wherenecessary to control the fall.
�Warning!If the tip of the bar contacts a wedge,it may cause kickback. Wedges shouldbe of wood or plastic – never steel,which can damage the chain.
C = Hinge• Helps control the falling tree
• Do not cut through the hinge -you could lose control of thedirection of the fall
�Warning! In order to reduce the risk of personalinjury, never stand directly behind thetree when it is about to fall, since part ofthe trunk may split and come backtowards the operator (barber-chairing),or the tree may jump backwards off thestump. Always keep to the side of thefalling tree. When the tree starts to fall,withdraw the bar, shut off the engine andwalk away on the preplanned escapepath. Watch out for falling limbs.
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�Warning!Be extremely careful with partially fallentrees which are poorly supported.When the tree hangs or for some otherreason does not fall completely, set thesaw aside and pull the tree down with acable winch, block and tackle or tractor.If you try to cut it down with your saw,you may be injured.
Felling cut for small diameter trees:simple fan cut
Engage the bumper spikes of the chain-saw directly behind the location of theintended hinge and pivot the saw aroundthis point only as far as the hinge. Thebumper spike rolls against the trunk.
Felling cut for large diameter trees:
�Warning! Felling a tree that has a diameter greaterthan the length of the guide bar requiresuse of either the sectioning felling cut orplunge-cut method. These methods areextremely dangerous because theyinvolve the use of the nose of the guidebar and can result in kickback. Onlyproperly trained professionals shouldattempt these techniques.
Sectioning methodFor the sectioning method make the firstpart of the felling cut with the guide barfanning in toward the hinge. Then, usingthe bumper spike as a pivot, repositionthe saw for the next cut.
Avoid repositioning the saw more thannecessary. When repositioning for thenext cut, keep the guide bar fully engagedin the kerf to keep the felling cut straight.If the saw begins to pinch, insert awedge to open the cut. On the last cut,do not cut the hinge.
Plunge-cut method
Timber having a diameter more thantwice the length of the guide bar requiresthe use of the plunge-cut method beforemaking the felling cut.
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First, cut a large, wide felling notch.Make a plunge cut in the center of thenotch.
The plunge cut is made with the guidebar nose. Begin the plunge cut byapplying the lower portion of the guidebar nose to the tree at an angle. Cut untilthe depth of the kerf is about the same asthe width of the guide bar. Next, alignthe saw in the direction in which therecess is to be cut.
With the saw at full throttle, insert theguide bar in the trunk.
Enlarge the plunge cut as shown inillustration.
�Warning!There is an extreme danger of kickbackat this point. Extra caution must be takento maintain control of the saw. To makethe felling cut, follow the sectioningmethod described previously.
If you are inexperienced with a chainsaw,plunge-cutting should not be attempted.Seek the help of a professional.
LimbingLimbing is removing the branches froma fallen tree.
�Warning!There is an extreme danger of kickbackduring the limbing operation. Do notwork with the nose of the bar. Be extremelycautious and avoid contacting the log orother limbs with the nose of the guide bar.
Do not stand on a log while limbing it –you may slip or the log may roll.
Start limbing by leaving the lower limbs tosupport the log off the ground. Whenunderbucking freely hanging limbs,a pinch may result or the limb may fall,causing loss of control. If a pinch occurs,stop the engine and remove the saw,by lifting the limb.
�Warning!Be extremely cautious when cuttinglimbs or logs under tension (spring poles).The limbs or logs could spring backtoward the operator and cause loss ofcontrol of the saw and severe or fatalinjury to the operator.
BuckingBucking is cutting a log into sections.
�Warnings! 1. When bucking, do not stand on the
log. Make sure the log will not rolldownhill. If on a slope, stand on theuphill side of the log.Watch out for rolling logs.
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2. Cut only one log at a time.
3. Shattered wood should be cut verycarefully. Sharp slivers of woodmay be caught and flung in thedirection of the operator of the saw.
4. When cutting small logs, place logthrough “V” - shaped supports ontop of a sawhorse. Never permitanother person to hold the log.Never hold the log with your leg orfoot.
5. Logs under strain: Risk of pinching!Always start relieving cut (1) atcompression side (A).Then make bucking cut (2) attension side (B).If the saw pinches, stop the engineand remove it from the log.
6. Only properly trained professionalsshould work in an area where thelogs, limbs and roots are tangled.Working in blowdown areas isextremely hazardous.
7. Drag the logs into a clear area beforecutting. Pull out exposed and clearedlogs first.
MAINTENANCE, REPAIRAND STORING
Never operate a chainsaw that isdamaged, improperly adjusted or notcompletely or securely assembled.Follow the maintenance and repairinstructions in the appropriate section ofyour Owner’s Manual, especially thosein the chapters “Mounting the Bar andChain”, “Maintaining and Sharpening”and “Chain Brake”.
�Warning!Use only STIHL replacement parts formaintenance and repair. Use of partsmanufactured by others may causeserious or fatal injury.
�Warning!Always stop the engine and ensure thatthe chain is stopped before making anyadjustments, maintenance or repair work,
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Maintenance, replacement, or repairof the emission control devices andsystems may be performed by anynonroad engine repair establishmentor individual. However if you claimwarranty for a component which hasnot been serviced or maintained pro-perly or if nonapproved replacementparts were used, STIHL may denywarranty.
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changing the saw chain or cleaning thesaw. Do not attempt any maintenance orrepair work not described in yourOwner’s Manual. Have such work perfor-med at your STIHL service shop only.
�Warning!Never test the ignition system withignition wire terminal removed from sparkplug or with unseated spark plug, sinceuncontained sparking may cause a fire.
�Warning!To reduce the risk of fire and burn injury,use only spark plugs authorized bySTIHL. Always press spark plug bootsnugly onto spark plug terminal of theproper size. (Note: If terminal hasdetachable SAE adapter nut, it must beattached.) A loose connection betweenspark plug terminal and ignition wireconnector in the boot may create arcingthat could ignite combustible fumes andcause a fire. Keep spark plug clean, andmake sure ignition lead is in goodcondition.
�Warning!Do not operate your chainsaw if themuffler is damaged, missing or modified.An improperly maintained muffler willincrease the risk of fire and hearing loss.Never touch a hot muffler or burn will
result. If your muffler was equipped witha spark-arresting screen to reduce therisk of fire (e. g. in the USA, Canada andAustralia), never operate your saw if thescreen is missing or damaged. Remem-ber that the risk of forest fires is greaterin hot or dry weather.Keep the chain, bar and sprocket clean;replace worn sprockets or chains.Keep the chain sharp.You can spot a dull chain when easy-to-cut wood becomes hard to cut and burnmarks appear on the wood.Keep the chain at proper tension. Tightenall nuts, bolts and screws except thecarburetor adjustment screws after eachuse.
�Warning! In order for the chain brake on yourSTIHL chainsaw to properly perform itsfunction of reducing the risk of kickbackand other injuries, it must be properlymaintained. Like an automobile brake,a chainsaw chain brake incurs weareach time it is engaged.
The amount of wear will vary dependingupon usage, conditions under which thesaw is used and other factors. Excessivewear will reduce the effectiveness of thechain brake and can render it inoperable.
For the proper and effective operation ofthe chain brake the brake band andclutch drum must be kept free of dirt,grease and other foreign matter whichmay reduce friction of the band on thedrum.
For these reasons, each STIHL chain-saw should be returned to trainedpersonnel such as your STIHL servicingdealer for periodic inspection andservicing of the brake system accordingto the following schedule:Heavy usage - every three months,Moderate usage - twice a year,Occasional usage - annually.
The chainsaw should also be returnedimmediately for maintenance wheneverthe brake system cannot be thoroughlycleaned or there is a change in its operating characteristics.
Additionally, the daily maintenanceschedule for your chainsaw set forth inyour STIHL Owner’s Manual should bestrictly followed.
Store chainsaw in a dry place and awayfrom children. Before storing for longerthan a few days, always empty the fueltank (see chapter "Storing the Machine"in this manual).
For any maintenance please refer to themaintenance chart and to the warrantystatement near the end of this manual.
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Please note:Different models may have different parts and controls.
befo
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Complete machineVisual inspection (condition, leaks) x xClean x
Throttle trigger , throttle trigger interlock, Master Control, depending on model Check operation x x
Chain brakeCheck operation x xClean by STIHL dealer x
Filter in fuel tankCheck xClean, Replace filter element x
Fuel tank Clean xChain oil tank Clean xChain lubrication Check x
Saw chainInspect, also check sharpness x xCheck chain tension x xSharpen x
Guide bar
Check (wear, damage) xClean and turn over x xDeburr xReplace x x
Chain sprocket Check x
Air filterClean x xReplace x
Cooling inlets Clean xCylinder fins Clean x
CarburetorCheck idle adjustment – chain must not turn x xReadjust idle x
Spark plug Replace xAll accessible screws and nuts(not adjusting screws) Retighten x
Rubber vibration buffersInspect xHave replaced by STIHL dealer x
MufflerInspect x xInspect spark arrestor screen xClean or replace spark arrestor screen x x
Chain catcherCheck xReplace x
Maintenance Chart
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4. Use caution when handling fuel.Move the chainsaw at least10 feet (3 m) from the fuelingpoint before starting the engine.
5. Do not allow other persons tobe near the chainsaw whenstarting or cutting with thechainsaw. Keep bystandersand animals out of the workarea.
6. Do not start cutting until youhave a clear work area, securefooting, and a planned retreatpath from the falling tree.
7. Keep all parts of your bodyaway from the saw chain whenthe engine is running.
8. Before you start the engine,make sure that the saw chainis not contacting anything.
9. Carry the chainsaw with theengine stopped, the guide barand saw chain to the rear, andthe muffler away from yourbody.
10. Do not operate a chainsaw thatis damaged, improperlyadjusted, or not completelyand securely assembled. Besure that the saw chain stopsmoving when the throttle triggeris released.
11. Shut off the engine beforesetting the chainsaw down.
12. Use extreme caution whencutting small size brush andsaplings because slender mate-rial may catch the saw chainand be whipped toward you orpull you off balance.
13. When cutting a limb that isunder tension be alert forspringback so that you will notbe struck when the tension inthe wood fibers is released.
14. Keep the handles dry, clean,and free of oil or fuel mixture.
15. Operate the chainsaw only inwell-ventilated areas.
16. Do not operate a chainsaw in atree unless you have beenspecifically trained to do so.
17. All chainsaw service, other thanthe items listed in the Owner’s
Manual maintenance instruc-tions, should be performed bycompetent chainsaw servicepersonnel.(For example, if improper toolsare used to remove theflywheel or if an improper toolis used to hold the flywheel inorder to remove the clutch,structural damage to theflywheel could occur and couldbe subsequently cause theflywheel to burst).
18. When transporting your chain-saw, use the appropriate chainguard (scabbard).
Other important safety precautionsare contained in the body of theOwner’s Manual.
Note:
When using a chainsaw for loggingpurposes, refer to the Code ofFederal Regulations, Parts 1910and 1928.
Continuation of Important Safety Precautions
englisch/english U.S.A.
WARNING!The engine exhaust from this productcontains chemicals known to the State
of California to cause cancer, birthdefects or other reproductive harm.
