© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 1

Strategies to Improve Control & Stability of the Bulk Power System FACTS, HVDC and Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control

Le Tang, ABB

May 30, 2013

Bulk power system control objectives

System stability

Load balancing

Frequency and voltage control

Security

Continuity of service under disturbance, equipment outages

Economy

Economic utilization of resources, efficient market

Sustainability

Maximum utilization of renewable energy

Cyber-physical security

Resilience to cyber-physical attacks, intrusion prevention

detection, self defense

© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 2

Requirements for effective control Situational awareness – Knowing what’s going on

Sensing technology/Communication technology

Data analytics/ Information presentation technology

Decision technology – Able to find the control strategy to get the best results fast

Forecasting

Control and optimization

Threat detection and mitigation

System modeling, performance prediction, and faster than real time simulation

Controllable equipment – have the means to effect change (often ignored)

Able to change power flow pattern

Able to shift power over time

Able to integrate renewable supplies and consumer productions

Able to modulate supply and demand at high speed

Enabling technologies Real time SCADA

PMU, WAMS, and WAMAPC

IT and OT integration and big data handling

Power Electronics based Actuators

FACTS, HVDC, and other VSC based applications

Power flow control, stability control, voltage support, oscillation control,

loss reduction

Demand response

Demand side management

Time of use pricing/ Real time pricing

Energy storage

BESS, CAES, Flywheel ES, SMES,TESS,…,

© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 5

HVDC/FACTS/WAMPC Boosts and Optimizes Transfer Capability

SC

TCSC

SVC

SVC Light

PST

sin ) ( 2 1

12

2 1

X

V V P d d - =

= ~

~ =

+ PHVDC

HVDC/HVDC Light

Other VSC Apps

Power Flow

Dynaflow

© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 6

Smart Grids call for new control & protection paradigms

Future:

• Multi-terminal links

• Multi-taps (“power highway exits”)

• Evolving from point-to-point

towards overlay DC grids

• Mixed AC / DC grids

Tianjin

China

Statnett

wind-energy-the-facts.org mainstreamrp.com pepei.pennnet.com

Statnett

wikipedia/desertec

claverton-energy.com

Desertec-australia.org

WAMS: A huge improvement potential for control with needed actuators (FACTS, HVDC etc.) Market scenario

© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 7

Demand for WAMS

Traditional Grids Good monitoring already existed Centralized power generation One-directional power flow Generation follows load Operation based on historical

experience Limited grid accessibility for new

producers

Industry Challenges Need for more electricity Emissions reduction Renewable energy Optimal use of ageing assets Ensure reliability of supply Energy efficiency and security

Future Grids Decentralized and distributed power

generation Intermittent renewable power generation Consumers become also producers Multi-directional power flow Load adapted to production Operation based more on real-time data FACTS (SVC, TCSC, etc.), HVDC

© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 8

System Interoperability and IEC 61850

DER, PV, …

Hydro Power Plant

Wind Power Plant

IEC 61850-7-410

IEC 61850

IEC 61400-25

IEC 61850-7-420

Substation

IEC 61850-90-1

IEC

61

85

0-8

0-1

Between

substations

Ma

pp

ing

to

IE

C 1

01

/10

4

Published (Ed2)

Substation

IEC 61850-1...-10

Legend:

Maintenance

Center

Control Center

New Title:

Communication

networks and systems

for power utility

automation

Battery storage

Electr. vehicles

Distribution

Automation IEC 61850-90-8

IEC 61850-90-9

IEC 61850-90-7

IEC 61850-90-6

Syn

ch

rop

ha

so

rs

Usin

g IE

C 6

18

50

Ongoing

IEC

61

85

0-9

0-2

Co

nd

itio

n M

on

ito

rin

g

IEC

61

85

0-9

0-2

IEC

61

85

0-9

0-5

IEC 61850-90-4

Network Engineering

Guideline

Published (Ed1)

© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 9

Synchrophasor technology Standards

2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Future WAMS

(WAMPACS?)

IEC 61850 Standard

IEEE 1344 Standard

IEEE C37.118 Standard

IEC 61850-90-5 Technical Report

PSGuard V1.0

IEEE C37.118 Standard

PSGuard V2.0

PSGuard V1.8

1995

IEEE C37.244 Guide

RES670 PMU

RES521 PMU

Wide Area Monitoring Systems PSGuard V.2.0 and RES670

© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 10

RES670

PSGuard V.2.0

RES521

Wide Area Monitoring Systems PSGuard

© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 13

PSGuard Applications

Event Driven Data Archiving

Data Storage and Export

Phase Angle Monitoring

Voltage Stability Monitoring

Line Thermal Monitoring

Event Driven Data Archiving

Power Oscillation Monitoring

Power Damping Monitoring

SCADA/EMS integration

Communication gateway

© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 14

Advanced Visualization of Raw Measurements

Voltage and Phase Angle Profiles

Real-time Power Swing Display

Phasor-assisted or Linear State-estimation

Monitoring & Prediction of Transmission Capacity (Wide Area Monitoring)

Voltage Stability Monitoring

Power Oscillation Monitoring

Line Thermal Monitoring

Coordination of Actions in Emergency Situations (Wide Area Control and Protection)

Emergency FACTS/HVDC setpoint rescheduling

Wide-area control for Damping of Power Oscillations

WAMS Application Overview

© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 15

Conclusions

A number of applications already tested since 2003

Voltage Stability Monitoring (VSM)

Power Oscillation Monitoring (POM)

Line Thermal Monitoring (LTM)

Power Damping Monitoring (PDM)

Ongoing Research / Pilot activities

Phasor data analytics and visualization

Mixed AC/DC system planning, control, and protection

Wide-area coordinated control of FACTS and HVDC

Islanding detection and operation

Cyber-physical security – IT solutions vs. engineering solutions?