Study Guide AnswersChapter 6- American Revolution

Patriot• Colonist who supports the fight for independence.

Loyalist• Colonists who continue to support the British.• They felt taxation and representation were not enough

reasons to stand up to the mother country.

Neutral• Colonists who did not choose sides. They neither supported

the British nor the Patriots.

Mercenaries• Groups of soldiers hired to fight for pay.

Guerilla War• A hit-and-run war technique used primarily in the South by

militia groups.• Francis Marion was a famous guerilla leader.

Privateers• Armed merchant ships

Tory• Name given to loyalists, those who supported the British.

Inflation• Printing of money with little gold and silver to back it up.• The money becomes worthless.

French nobleman who became Washington’s trusted aide

• Marquis de Lafayette

Mercenaries hired by the British to fight the Continental Army

• Hessians

Leader of the British forces who surrendered at Yorktown

• Charles Cornwallis

Drilled Patriots are Valley Forge

• Friedrich von Steuben

Guerilla Leader

• Francis Marion

A plan of action• Strategy

Governor of the Spanish territory of Louisiana and American ally

• Bernado de Galvez

1. Long Island• Battle of: Long Island• Date : August of 1776• Place: New York• Who: 20,000 British and 10,000 American Continental Army

soldiers• Winner: The British drove the Americans from Brooklyn and

forced them to evacuate New York.

2. Trenton• Battle: Trenton• Date: 25th December 1776• Place: Trenton, New Jersey on the Delaware River• Who: 2,400 Americans against 1,200 Hessians and British

troops• Winner: The battle was a resounding physical and moral

victory for Washington and his American troops.

3. Philadelphia (Brandywine)• Battle: Philadelphia Brandywine Creek• Date: 11th September 1777• Place: Pennsylvania, west of Philadelphia• Who: 6,000 British and Hessian troops against 8,000 American

soldiers.• Winner: The British and Hessians were left occupying the field

having driven the Americans from their position on Brandywine Creek.

4. Saratoga• Battle: SARATOGA• Date: 17th October 1777• Place: Saratoga on the Hudson River in New York State.• Who: 5,000 British and German troops against the 12,000

Americans.• Winner: The Americans forced the surrender of British forces.

5. Yorktown• Battle: YORKTOWN• Date: October 1781• Place: Virginia, United States of America• Who: About 16,000 Americans and French against 8,000

British• Winner: Surrounded by American forces, Cornwallis

surrenders to George Washington.

 1. America declared independence from on July ,

• Great Britain• 4th, 1776

2. _______________________ were German mercenaries that fought for the British.

• Hessians

3. The Hessians’ main goal for winning the war was .

• Money

4. During the winter of 1777, many of Washington’s soldiers _________________, or left the army at Valley Forge.

• deserted

5. __________________________________ ___ led the soldiers that captured the British town of Vincennes in 1779.

• George Rogers Clark

6. The battle of was a turning point in the war. It showed other nations we might win the war.

• Saratoga

7. And help America by supplying troops and supplies.

• France • Spain

8. John Adams convinced banking houses to lend us $12 million to support the war.

• Dutch (the Netherlands)

9. The Treaty of Paris was ___________________, or approved, in 1783.

• ratified

Treaty of Paris: British terms• In the Treaty of Paris, the British promised to withdraw all

troops from America.

• They also allowed Americans to fish off the coast of Canada.

Treaty of Paris: American terms

• In the Treaty of Paris, the Americans allowed British merchants to collect their debts owed by Americans.

• They also gave Loyalists the properties back they had lost during the war.