Study Hall

Sit in assigned seatsNot wondering around the room

Sharpened pencil our and ready to begin

GUIDED NOTES….

Life exists on Earth because of…• Types of surfaces found on Earth• Earth’s atmosphere• Gravitational force• Location to the Sun

GUIDED NOTES….

• The Earth formed in just the right place with the right ingredients for life to exist

• Earth has liquid water, a breathable atmosphere and sunshine to sustain life.

GUIDED NOTES….

Earth’s Atmosphere:• Many layers of air and gases• Surrounds the Earth’s surface• Keeps humans safe from the sun’s radiation.• 78% Nitrogen (N)• 21% Oxygen (O)• <1% mixture of gases like argon, carbon dioxide

GUIDED NOTES…..

• The Sun is the major source of heat and light for the solar system.

GUIDED NOTES…..

NOTES:• Astronomical Unit (AU)=• The Earth’s average distance from

the sun • Approximately 93 million miles

away

GUIDED NOTES…..• The Solar System consists of:• The Sun and 8 Planets• Multiple moons• Asteroids, Meteors and Comets• Dust, gases and empty space.

GUIDED NOTES…..

• Mnemonic for the 8 Planets: • My Very Enthusiastic Mom Just Sent Us

NachosMercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

DISCOVERY ED VIDEO

• The Inner and Outer Planets

GUIDED NOTES…..

– 4 Terrestrial Planets: inner planets

•Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars• 4 Gas Giants: outer planets– Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

GUIDED NOTES…..

• Moons: orbit alongside planets • Many planets have moons. • Earth has 1 moon, Jupiter has 63

moons!

Moons of Jupiter

GUIDED NOTES…..

• RINGS: • cosmic, space dust and other small

particles orbiting around a planet. • The four gas giants (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus

and Neptune) all have rings. • SATURN = Planet most known for its rings

SATURN AND ITS RINGS

JUPITER & ITS RINGS

GUIDED NOTES…..

• Asteroids: chunks of rock left over from when the planets formed

• Largest of the solar system bodies• Most common in the ASTEROID BELT

(located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter)

ASTEROIDS

GUIDED NOTES…..

Comets: asteroid-like objects covered in dust, ice, gases, and metals that develop a fuzzy, cloud-like shell called a coma • when they orbit close to the sun, the ice

instantly melts, creating a long, visible tail (sometimes called a dirty snowball)

• Form far away from the Sun

HALEYS COMET

GUIDED NOTES…..

• Meteoroid: • Large pieces from an asteroid or

comet • Most burn up and never reach Earth

GUIDED NOTES…..

• Meteor: • A meteoroid that burns up as it passes

through our atmosphere. • Creates a flash of light, known as

‘shooting stars’ • Smallest of the solar system bodies

GUIDED NOTES…..

• Meteorite: • A meteoroid that does not burn up as it

travels through the Earth’s atmosphere• It lands and crashes onto the Earth.

DISCOVERY ED VIDEO

• EARTH SCIENCE: SOLAR SYSTEM–Intro of Solar System–Planets of Solar System

GUIDED NOTES…..

• The Earth’s Moon:• The only object in our solar

system to be visited by humans!

GUIDED NOTES…..

• The Apollo program (Project Apollo)• 3rd space program of NASA (National

Aeronautics and Space Administration)• Responsible for landing the first humans

on the moon in 1969

1st Moon Landing 1969

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMINSD7MmT4

GUIDED NOTES…..

• There are 8 phases of the moon.

GUIDED NOTES…..

Waxing: increases in size

GUIDED NOTES…..

Waning: decreases in size

Mr. Parr Phases of the Moon song

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HkvlrWpsnuQ

Extra Time?

• http://www.space.com/16841-full-moon-why-does-it-happen-how-does-it-affect-us-video.html

GUIDED NOTES….

What Have We Learned From Space Exploration?• That there are millions of galaxies in the

universe.• Each galaxy contains its own solar system.

GUIDED NOTES……• Negative Effects of Prolonged

Exposure to Zero Gravity• Muscle atrophy (decrease in muscle mass)• Deterioration of bones (bone loss of up to 1%)• Cardiovascular system: decreased red blood

cell production• Immune system weakened• Continual nasal congestion, sleep disturbance,

and excess gas

Can you believe it!

• Astronauts are up to 2 inches taller while they're in space!

• When they return to Earth, they return to their normal height.

• The vertebrae in your spine are like a giant spring. On Earth, gravity pushes down on it, keeping it compressed. In space, the spine stretches by up to three percent (less gravity pushing down on the vertebrae causes it to stretch out up to 3 inches).

GUIDED NOTES….

• SPACE PROBES:• NASA's Voyager 1: 1st human-made

object to travel beyond the solar system• About 12 billion miles from our sun.• Traveled beyond Neptune into

interstellar space

Space Probes over Time

• Sputnik

• Explorer 1

Voyager Probes

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLK4IMtUSVg

GUIDED NOTES….

• International Space Station: Created through a Joint effort by many countries to allow space to be studied continually.

GUIDED NOTES….

• Known as ISS• A combined effort of 15 different c• Astronauts to live there for months • Conduct research that cannot be done on

Earth

Interesting ISS Facts• The size of a football field • Weighs 924,739 pounds. • Has more livable room than a conventional

six-bedroom house with 2 bathrooms, a gymnasium and a 360-degree bay window.

Video on ISS

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtrVwX1ncqk

2. Hubble Space Telescope

GUIDED NOTES….

• TELESCOPES: • collect electromagnetic (light) radiation • Allows us to see far away objects in space• 1st telescope invented over 400 years ago• Example: Hubble Telescope (estimated

Earth to be 13.5 billion years old

Hubble Telescope

• Orbits Earth and focuses on distant objects within our solar system and Universe.

Launch of Space Shuttle Discovery Hubble Space Telescope on board

April 24, 1990

Hubble Telescope Video

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxIRvk20lUg

GUIDED NOTES…..

• NASA SPINOFFS: Technology that was developed for astronauts and space exploration BUT now benefits us on Earth!

• The following modern conveniences have resulted directly from space program research:

• Microwaves• Hand held calculators• Bar Coding