Study Terms and Questions• Cold War (definition)• Occupations zones, post-WWII• Marshall Plan• NATO• Berlin Air Lift• Berlin Wall• “Ich bin ein Berliner”• Ostpolitik• Détente• Perestroika / Glastnost

Questions and Imperatives

• Discuss the origins of and the end of the Cold War.

• How does ideology shape public opinion? (Class discussion)

United Nations

• The name "United Nations” coined by FDR• Name first used during the Second World War, when

representatives of 26 nations pledged their Governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers.

• In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco to draw up the United Nations Charter.

• The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries.

• The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945

Late 1940s• Marshall Plan

– European Recovery Program– USA foreign policy initiative– 1947-1952– 17 countries received $13 billion (money and materials)– Stalin refused and established Communist dictatorships in E. Europe

• Truman Doctrine– 1947, Truman asked Congress for economic aid for Greece and Turkey

• Berlin Air Lift (summer 1948 – summer 1949)• NATO

– Anti-Soviet military alliance of western governments formed 1949– Regional alliance for self defense– American troops stationed permanently in Europe– To contain Stalin and protect W. Europe from Soviet attack– An attack on one NATO nation would be seen as an attack on all

“Cold War”

• An intense political, economic, militaryand ideological rivalry, just short of

military conflict.– Democracy versus Communism – Religious versus Godless – Free market versus collectivism – Lasts post WWII through 1991– First World nations versus Second World nations

1950s and 1960s

• Stalin dies and Khrushchev enters• Maintain status quo• New generation emerging• More flee to the west• PUT UP A WALL (we need to keep our people

in)• 1961 – Berlin Wall

1960s and 1970s

• People still risk their lives to get to west• New leaders continue• JFK visits West Berlin• Ostpolitik• Détente

1980s

• Gorbachev• Reagan• Thatcher• Mitterand• Another generation• 1987 / 1989

“Mr. Gorbachev, Tear down this wall”

DISCUSSION QUESTION: Can we point to one nation for causing the

Cold War?