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Subsurface Drip IrrigationSubsurface Drip Irrigation
ROOTGUARD® - the best for SDIROOTGUARD® - the best for SDI
SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATIONSUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION
ADVANTAGES OF SDIADVANTAGES OF SDI
Equipment protection Equipment protection
Roots development Roots development
PP
PP KK
KK
NN
NN
PP PPKKKK
NNNN
Direct roots feeding Direct roots feeding
Weed control Weed control
Water infiltration Water infiltration
Salinity Salinity
Wastewater and reused water Wastewater and reused water
Yield Yield Maintenance Maintenance
Plant disease caused by moisture Plant disease caused by moisture
Efficiency of water use Efficiency of water use
SOIL PENETRATION SOIL PENETRATION Creation of vacuum pressure in the tubeswhile laterals are emptied may cause a suctionof water and mud into the lateral throughthe dripper hose in sloped laterals.
Creation of vacuum pressure in the tubeswhile laterals are emptied may cause a suctionof water and mud into the lateral throughthe dripper hose in sloped laterals.
PREVENTION OF SOIL PENETRATIONPREVENTION OF SOIL PENETRATION
Installation of vacuum/air relief valves in high placesInstallation of vacuum/air relief valves in high places
ROOT INTRUSION ROOT INTRUSION Roots will grow and move into areas where wateravailability is high, therefore will find their wayinto the dripper through the dripper hose
Roots will grow and move into areas where wateravailability is high, therefore will find their wayinto the dripper through the dripper hose
Root intrusion and Dripper’s clogging
ROOTGUARD®ROOTGUARD®
Geoflow range of ROOTGUARD® products:
Pc emitters:Adi rootguard® 16,18,20mm ,- 1.6, 2.2, 3.5 l/h.Vered rootguard® 16,17,20mm - 2.0, 3.5 l/h.Vardit/Inbar/Assif rootguard® 16,17,20,22, 25mm- 0.9, 1.2,, 1.6, 2.1 and 3.4l/h.
Turbulent emitters:Ultra rootguard® 16,20mm - 2, 3, 4, 8 l/h.LIN rootguard® 12,16, 17, 20, 22, 25 mm – 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2, 4l/h.Idit rootguard® 16mm – 1.4, 2.3, 3.1, 4.3 l/h.
Geoflow range of ROOTGUARD® products:
Pc emitters:Adi rootguard® 16,18,20mm ,- 1.6, 2.2, 3.5 l/h.Vered rootguard® 16,17,20mm - 2.0, 3.5 l/h.Vardit/Inbar/Assif rootguard® 16,17,20,22, 25mm- 0.9, 1.2,, 1.6, 2.1 and 3.4l/h.
Turbulent emitters:Ultra rootguard® 16,20mm - 2, 3, 4, 8 l/h.LIN rootguard® 12,16, 17, 20, 22, 25 mm – 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2, 4l/h.Idit rootguard® 16mm – 1.4, 2.3, 3.1, 4.3 l/h.
Dripper that incorporate Balan® into its material.The Balan® is released in controlled manner to the soil formany years and provides a full protection from root intrusion
Dripper that incorporate Balan® into its material.The Balan® is released in controlled manner to the soil formany years and provides a full protection from root intrusion
2ppm2ppm
ROOTGUARD® - PROCESS DEMONSTRATION 25ROOTGUARD® - PROCESS DEMONSTRATION 25
Balan® is released as a gas through the exit hole and the pipe walls. The release rate depends onthe concentration of Balan® in the soil.There is no dependence in water flow through the pipe.
Balan® is released as a gas through the exit hole and the pipe walls. The release rate depends onthe concentration of Balan® in the soil.There is no dependence in water flow through the pipe.
MACHINE FOR SDI INSTALLATIONMACHINE FOR SDI INSTALLATION
Machine characteristics: Modularity Adjustment to various driplines (wall thickness, diameter) Accurate control on installation depth Minimal disturbance to soil structure Simple operation and maintenance
Machine characteristics: Modularity Adjustment to various driplines (wall thickness, diameter) Accurate control on installation depth Minimal disturbance to soil structure Simple operation and maintenance
SDI INSTALLATIONSDI INSTALLATION
Key points for proper installationKey points for proper installation
4. Straight lines4. Straight lines
2. Uniformity of depth2. Uniformity of depth
1. Protection of laterals1. Protection of laterals
3. Protection of soil structure3. Protection of soil structure
BURIAL STAGESBURIAL STAGES
2. Marking the points for lateral laying2. Marking the points for lateral laying
3. Fixation of the lateral beginnings3. Fixation of the lateral beginnings
4. Laying process using a dedicated tool4. Laying process using a dedicated tool
6. Furrow digging for distributor and flush pipe6. Furrow digging for distributor and flush pipe
10. Flushing the laterals10. Flushing the laterals
8. Connecting the system to water supply8. Connecting the system to water supply
9. “Water test”9. “Water test”
11. Covering the pipes and compacting the soil11. Covering the pipes and compacting the soil
7. Laying the pipes7. Laying the pipes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Option - furrow digging for distributor or flush pipe1. Option - furrow digging for distributor or flush pipe
5. Repeating laying process for all laterals5. Repeating laying process for all laterals
SoilSoil
HeavyHeavyMediumMediumLightLight
SOIL PARAMETERSSOIL PARAMETERS
Water retention HighLow
Emitters spacing BigSmall
Water movement
~ 35%~ 15%Volumetric field capacity
Burial depth Up to 50 cmUp to 30 cm
Definition High clay contentHigh sand content
100%
40%
30%
20%
10%
90%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Sand
100%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Cla
y
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Siltheavy clay
Sandy loamsand
silt loam
light clay
clay loam
loam
medium clay
sand
y cl
ay
International triangle for soil texture classificationInternational triangle for soil texture classification
Example:30% Clay10% Sand60% Silt
Silt loamSilt loam
WATER MOVEMENT IN SOILWATER MOVEMENT IN SOIL
Capillary Gravity
Heavy soil
On soil
SDI
Soil hydraulic potential:Gravity potential - yg - work for a mass unit needed for a vertical change in water level in a constant pressure.
Pressure potential - yp - equals to matrix / capillary potential. The amount of work needed to move pure water for a tank to the soil.
Soil hydraulic potential:Gravity potential - yg - work for a mass unit needed for a vertical change in water level in a constant pressure.
Pressure potential - yp - equals to matrix / capillary potential. The amount of work needed to move pure water for a tank to the soil.
CROPS PARAMETERSCROPS PARAMETERS
CropCrop
VinesVinesRow cropsRow cropsCover cropsCover crops TreesTrees
Types AvocadoCitrusDeciduousBananas
Wine grapesFresh (table)Raisins (dried)
Annual (cotton)Perennial(Asparagus)
AlfalfaGrass
Soil cultivation
Single timeSingle timeSingle timeannually
Single timeannually
Crop life span Dozens of years
More than 10 years
1/2-7 years?
Line spacing 21/2-31/2 m 5-8 m1 m-
Roots depth 1-2 m 1/2-2 m1/2-1 m1/2-1 m
PRD - PARTIAL ROOTZONE DRYING
New irrigation method for grapevines based onsdi systems and enables control on stomata closure.results: water saving, yield quality improvement, quality wines.
New irrigation method for grapevines based onsdi systems and enables control on stomata closure.results: water saving, yield quality improvement, quality wines.
Drying side
Irrigatingside Water deficiency
Abcisic acid (aba)production in roots
Reducing aperture of the stomata
Aba transportingTo the leaves
Pistachio - ROOTGUARD®(California, USA 1998)
Vineyard - ROOTGUARD®(California, USA 1996)Vineyard - ROOTGUARD®(California, USA 1996)
Lemon orchardROOTGUARD®Lemon orchardROOTGUARD®
JojovaROOTGUARD®
JojovaROOTGUARD®
VineyardROOTGUARD®VineyardROOTGUARD®
SDI + plastic mulching
SDI in Row crops
SDI – Row Crops
SDI – Row Crops
SDI + Soil Mulching
MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCELateralsLaterals
• Lateral flushing• Filter cleaning• Chlorine treatments• Acid treatments
• Lateral flushing• Filter cleaning• Chlorine treatments• Acid treatments
Balan®Balan®
• Manual injection if ROOTGUARD® is not used• Manual injection if ROOTGUARD® is not used
Re-trackingRe-tracking
• Annual field crops• Annual field crops
Not just water – mechanization! (working on Not just water – mechanization! (working on dry surface)dry surface)
Not just water - Fertigation
N
P
K
N
N N
P
P
P
K
KK
Not just water - Fertigation
$
$
$
$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$$
About 50% savings
$
$
$
$
$ $
$
$
$
$
$$
THE FUTURETHE FUTUREIs there enough water?Is there enough water?
70-75% farming 10% industry 15-20% domestic
THE FUTURETHE FUTURECan we change the paradigm?Can we change the paradigm?
90-92% of domesticConsumption flows to the sewage systems!
WASTEWATER DISPERSAL THROUGH SDI
WASTEWATER DISPERSAL THROUGH SDI
• Transform a liability into a resource
• No hazard of direct contact with pathogens
• No odors
• Less investment in single houses, isolated facilities, farms, small villages.
• Negligible operation costs, may even be negative cost (i.e.: pulp, forage production)
WASTEFLOWTM DRIPLINESWASTEFLOWTM DRIPLINES
ROOTGUARD® SLOW DRAIN EMITTER
ANTIBACTERIAL + SLIPPERY INNER LAYER
PURPLE STRIPEFOR IDENTIFICATION
Thanks for your attention
Thanks for your attention
!!