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A SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT PROJECT ON ONLINE DISPENSARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Submitted by: Suchita Chaudhary 12CS001590 Performed At Genx Soft Technologies, JAIPUR In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SIR PADAMPAT SINGHANIA UNIVERSITY UDAIPUR

Suchita Chaudhary

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Page 1: Suchita Chaudhary

A SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT

PROJECT ON ONLINE DISPENSARY

MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSubmitted by:

Suchita Chaudhary

12CS001590Performed At

Genx Soft Technologies, JAIPUR

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SIR PADAMPAT SINGHANIA UNIVERSITY UDAIPUR

Page 2: Suchita Chaudhary

DECLARATION

I Suchita Chaudhary student of Sir Padampat Singhania University, Udaipur, hereby declare

that the project titled “Online Dispensary Management System” is my original as all of the

information facts and figure in this report is based on my own training experience and study

during my summer training procedure.

Signature : _________________________

Name : _________________________

Enroll. No. : _________________________

Date : _________________________

Suchita Chaudhary/CSE/SPSU/Genx/2015-16/Page I

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify Miss. Suchita Chaudhary a student of B.tech 2012 Batch has undergone

summer training in GENX SOFT TECHNOLOGIES at JAIPUR on the topic of “ONLINE

DISPENSARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” for a period of 45 days commencing from date

18th May to 4th July.

This summer training project report embodies the facts and figures collected and interpreted by

her during the course of training.

Dr. PRASUN CHAKRABARTI

(HOD, CSE)

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I take the opportunity to express my gratitude to all the concerned people who have directly or

indirectly contributed towards completion of this project. I extend my sincere gratitude towards

GENX SOFT for providing the opportunity and resources to work on this project.

I express my gratitude to Head of the Department Mr. Prasun Chakrabarti for his constant

support and belief.

At this juncture I feel deeply honored in expressing my sincere thanks to Miss Pooja Singh. for

making the resources available at right time and providing valuable insights leading to the

successful completion of my project. I would also like to thank all the staff members  and my

colleagues for their critical advice and guidance without which this project would not have been

possible.

Suchita Chaudhary

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ABSTRACT

We have developed a project on “Online Dispensary Management System” on a PHP

platform. This project is about an online medical site which is open for all. The interface is very

user-friendly. The data are well protected for personal use and makes the data processing very

fast.The project is based on the database, object oriented and networking techniques. As there are

many areas where we keep the records in database for which we are using MY SQL software

which is one of the best and the easiest software to keep our information. This project uses PHP

as the front-end software and has connectivity with MY SQL.Our Project includes registrations

of members, storing their detail. Registered members then check the details of the doctors which

are on duty, their schedule, medicines available on medical store. There is a contact page

available which includes the detail of all the departments. Admin can update the details like

contact no or E-mail_id accordingly. Clients can also request for the change of password which

will be updated in the database. Only admin can make any changes to the portal other than

personal details of the clients. The details of all the clients are stored in the database. Other than

this there is also an enquiry form and subscribe form provided for clients. We have worked on

the languages such as HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets),

Javascript, Jquery. For Database we have worked on MySql platform. We have used the software

like Dreamweaver CC, Wamp.

Head of Department (HOD), Bareilly whose insight encouraged me to go beyond the scope of

the project and this broadened me learning on this project.

I also want to show my gratitude to Mrs. Pooja Singh, HR manager of training and development

section whose insight helped me to complete this project.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Declaration I

Certification II

Acknowledgement III

Abstract IV

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1-8

1.1History of Genx

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1.2 Company’s Growth Value

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1.2.1 Company’s Competitive Key Issues

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1.2.2 Process and Initiatives

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1.2.3 Work Quality Management

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1.2.4 Rewards and Achievements 3

1.3 Co-operate Training and Entertainment 3

1.4 Health and Meditation 3

1.5 Worldwide Genx 3-4

1.5.1 Geographical Location 4

1.6 Special Features 4

1.7 Company Profile 5-6

1.7.1 About the Company 5

1.7.2 About Development Wing 5

1.7.3 Co-operate Social Reponsibilities 5

1.7.4 Company’s Expert Panel 6

1.7.5 Company’s Strategic Approch 6

1.8 Services 6-8

1.8.1 Software Development 6

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1.8.2 Complete Analysis and Research Work for Business 6

1.8.3 Technical Assistance Services 7

1.8.4 Web Application Development 8

1.8.5 Web Designing and Script Writing 8

1.8.6 Web Application Develpoment 8

CHAPTER 2: HTML 9-15

2.1 Introduction Of HTML 9-10

2.2 Markup 10-12

2.3 Elements 13-15

2.3.1 Head Element 13

2.3.2 Paragraph 14

2.3.3 Break 14

2.3.4 Comments 15

CHAPTER 3: JAVASCRIPT 16-20

3.1 Introduction of Javascript 16-18

3.2.1 Javascript Change HTML Contents 16

3.2.2 Javascript Change HTML style(CSS) 16

3.2.3 Syntax 16-18

3.3 Use in Web Pages 18-19

3.4 Compatibility Considerations 19-20

CHAPTER 4: CSS 21-24

4.1 Introduction to CSS 21

4.2 Syntax 21-22

4.3 Selector 22

4.4 Usage 22-24

CHAPTER 5:JQUERY and BOOTSTRAP 25-30

5.1 Inrtroduction to JQuery 25

5.2 Features 25-26

5.3 Browser Support 26

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5.4 Usage 26-27

5.4.1 Usage Style 27

5.5 Introduction to Bootstrap 28

5.6 Structure and Function 28-30

5.6.1 Bootstrap-CSS 30

5.6.2 Bootstrap-Re-Usable Components 30

5.6.3 Bootstrap-Javascript 30

CHAPTER 6:PHP and MYSQL 31-45

6.1 Inrtroduction to MySQL 31

6.1.1 History 32

6.1.2 Milestone 32-33

6.1.3 MySQL Functions 32-35

6.1.4 MySQL Commands 35-39

6.2 Introduction Of PHP 39-40

6.2.1Syntax 40-41

6.2.2 PHP Functions 41-45

CHAPTER 7:PANELS 46

5.1 Inrtroduction to Panel 46

CHAPTER 8:PROJECT DESCRIPTION 47-62

8.1 Inrtroduction 47

8.2 Details about the Project 48-55

5.2.1 Information Page 49-52

5.2.2 Contact Page 53

5.2.3 Login Page 54-55

5.2.4 Footer 55

8. 3 MySQL 55

8.3.1 Admin Panel 55-58

8.3.2 User Panel 58-60

8. 4 Software Used 60-62

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8.4.1 Adobe Dreamweaver 60-61

8.4.2 Wamp 61-62

CONCLUSIONS 63

REFERENCES 64

LISTS OF FIGURES

S.no. Name of figure or chapter Page no.

1 Geographical location 4

2 Webpage Using Bootstrap 25

3 PHP 39

4 Panel 42

5 Project Description 45

6 Information Page 46

7 Medical Store 47

8 Contact Page 49

9 Login Page 51

10 Footer 52

11 MySql 53

12 Admin Panel 54

13 User Panel 55

14 Software Used 56

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LIST OF ABBREVATIONS

HTML HyperText Markup Language

CSS Cascading Style Sheets

PHP HyperText Preprocessor

SQL Structure Query Language

WAMP Windows, Apache,MySQl,PHP

XML Extensible Markup Language

XHTML Extensible HyperText Markup Language

AJAX Asynachronous JavaScript and XML

DOM Document Object Model

JSON Javascript object and notation

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 History of Genx

GENX SOFT TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD Was Established in 2010 At Jaipur, Specialised in

Web Application Development, Website Designing, Software Application Development and

Mobile Application Development. Company has established its Core Development Units at

Bangalore, Delhi, Jaipur, Bhopal, and Gwalior with excellent infrastructure. 

The company has its own brand identity in international market. We have a quality stack holders

dedicated towards adding continuous values to our client based services & process. We also

deals in Professional Web Hosting, S.E.O. Services, Process Consultation and other IT related

services at Jaipur and other branches.

1.2 Company's Growth Values

GENX SOFTWARES is one of the leading brands in global IT market. GENX SOFTWARES

has served more than 1000 clients worldwide. GENX SOFWTARES is a privately held company

reserves rights to offer services worldwide. The most important key issue of our continuous

growth is our Valuable & Skilled Employees.

1.2.1 Company’s Competitive Key Issues:- 

- Young, Energetic & Experienced Team.

- Perfect Hierarchal Management.

- Our Pricing & Quality make us different from others.

- Our High Tech Infrastructure.

- Our Global Partnership.

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1.2.2 Process And Initiatives

    GENX SOFT TECHNOLOGIES follows proactive approach in its Development &

Designing Process to reduce communication GAP between

Developments.

We always have a Ready to Work Team which has got excellent interpersonal & technical skills

to gear up the process of SDLC in the best manner. At the very first step of SDLC we clearly

understand the expectation & requirements with complete documentation & Fact Sheets.

We have a very strong network for Client Support Service; they are responsible to intimate all

updates & status to the client as per the report by the Technical Or Development Teamto Our

Project Processing & Management Team smartly prepares complete documentation for the Work

& Process Flow with Given Deadlines by the client. Because we trust on a well-planned process

& documentation for smooth, quality .We Offer a dedicated Server ID by Which a client can

check his project status update online and request/suggest for a change. Because we are a team

who believe in working on deadline with ultimate project quality. 

1.2.3 Work Quality Management

 Our Project Management team is highly motivated towards offer excellent work quality to our

clients. We believe good quality work always influence our clients to share good experience with

others. Our Development & Project Management team is highly qualified and motivate for work

delivery. We follow our own researched quality benchmarking model to complete & deliver the

project work as per deadlines. 

We use some important methodology to work:- Eagerness to work creative & hard for client’s positive feedback.

Feeling of ownership that each member can be a one man army with skills & Expertise.

Motivation of Rewards & Achievements for every individual & Team.

Unique Direction & Perfect personal & HR management.

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1.2.4 Rewards & Achievement    Excellent Learning & Motivation for the quality is the utmost important culture of GENX

SOFT TECHNOLOGIES (P) LTD. Our employees enjoy a rewarding career oriented working

culture which influence them to achieve expected growth in given period of time.

We have passionate young engineers & manager educated from TOP universities of India as well

abroad. While working with GENX SOFT they feel pleasure and happy to work. 

1.3 Corporate Training & Entertainment

  We believe that a skilled employee needs high end corporate training to understand the working

culture of a company. We have Global Tie-ups for Employee Training & Orientation Program.

We work on their skills & professionalism development so that they can become a long.

We have a trend to celebrate all moments which can refresh the mind of our employees so can

they can get back to their work with more energy. We organize all related company ceremonies

in with employees take a part to celebrate each moment.

1.4 Health & Meditation

 We have arranged complete Corporate Health Checkup Facility by our Employee Health Care

card and check up service is available in all Metro Cities.

1.5 Worldwide Genx

 As Global IT scenario is changing frequently and taking important place in worldwide

advancement. It has become an important consideration to serve in the best way. For the same

we have Different Business Units across India to serve our clients in the better way.

We have established our well-equipped Development Units in Major States of India with quality

circle & expert team. We have Our Major Clients from overseas like US. ,UK, Australia etc. We

have expert Client Support department with skilled employees who really care for client’s core

values.

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1.5.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

1.6 Special Facilities for Outsourcing & Working Process

We Provide Day-Night Both Shifts to work on overseas projects.

We have well equipped Development Wings having quality skills for technical working.

Trained Client Support Executives with Excellent communication & Accent to

understand your development need & changes.

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1.7 Company Profile

1.7.1 About the Company

GENX SOFT TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD. Is a Company based on INDIA, which is

incorporated under the companies Act 1956. GENX SOFT is a sister concerned company of

ROYALS GROUP which is dealing in IT Service industry Since 2005.

GENX SOFT TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD. Is a company developing IT products and

outsourcing it to the world wide clients as well National clients. It offers services to B2B as well

B2C with the ultimate and unmatched experience. GENX Group has initiated foot prints in so

many sectors like Manufacturing, IT services, Retailing, Education, Consultancy, Real Estate

etc.

The company has its prime motive to deliver the quality IT services & Products to the end

customer. Company has recently developed its own S&D (Software & Development) Division.

The major Business of the company is Software Development & Web Application Development.

GENX is planning to launch so many service portals toincrease the business of itsexisting clients.

1.7.2 About Development Wing:-

GENX SOFT Company has developed its primary research & Development Division in Jaipur,

Rajasthan popularly known as PINK CITY. Operational Divisions of GENX SOFT:-

Software & Development Division.

Training & Development Division.

Technical Support Division.

Company has its prime motive to serve the IT sector as a renowned IT catalyst.

1.7.3 Corporate Social Responsibilities:-

CSR is a very important duty and responsibility of any organization. We serve the society with

our concerned companies- Royals Group (R.C.W.E.). We have started Free Education & training

to the poor students of rural background in UP,MP,BIHAR.

Company has been associated in so many PSU projects so it becomes very important for us to

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take care of our societal development. So many NGOs activities have been executed for the

same.

1.7.4 Company Expert Panel:-

Company believes to carry a quality circle for the expert knowledge & Skills. We have member

associated from different NITs, IITs and IIMs. .

Recently company has developed a latest well equipped research lab with latest technologies to

give the research support to its clients.

1.7.5 Company’s Strategic Approach:-

The company always adopts NICHE strategy of business so we have also captured untouched

market of different segments. It is a universal truth that business should always grow, that is why

GENX has started so many business setups but the problem occurred always is MAN POWER.

For developing the societal awareness and spreading the technical knowledge GENX has started

GENX HR SOLUTIONS which is bridging the gap b/w the candidate and company.

Company has got an expert panel of IT technocrats to develop and suggest the business

strategies.

1.8 Services

1.8.1 Software Development

At GENX, Software Development is a hard core issue to design and develop the services and

products.

Company offers all the services for Software Development & Solution to its worldwide clients.

Quality Circle of expert & experience developers we always give the best treatment to our

clients. For better improvement in our services company has developed so many portals to

facilitates its clients. 

We always care for our commitments especially when it is about our professionalism.

Online 24*7 hours Service Support.

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Project & Software Documentation for meeting deadlines & commitments.

Expert Council & live technical assistance.

Unique client ID & Remote Project Assistance.

Status Alert of project & Online development.

1.8.2 Complete Analysis & Research work for business

We are a team of dedicated developers. Genx reshape your business plan to get the unique identity. We work for your business promotion to achieve your business targets.

Converting Ideas in Innovations Better Future with Status Converting present challenges in Future Opportunities

We are catering the IT industry last from so many decades but the prime motto with the updates what GENX has developed is to offer far better than the expected quality. We have different categories of products in which we have monopoly of technology in national as well international market. We have some special categories of software development

Web Applications/ Website College Management Software CRM Software Medical Software/ HR Portals Social Web Pages Development Anti-Virus Development

1.8.3 Technical Assistance Services

We have categorized our client support services and turn key projects

Turn Key Project Management On line technical support Log In access for live support Technical Transformation services

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1.8.4 Web Application Development

GENX web development team has got a wide range of development tactics to design & Development a complete web application. We cater both static & dynamic web pages at very economic price with value added services.

1.8.5 Web Designing & Script Writing

Designing of the web application is the most important consideration and very sensitive for both client as well service provider. We have a separate web designing experts using different latest technologies.

Script (Content) writing is what called information to the client.

We write your thoughts & information which can put the best impact on client. We give a proper analysis for reducing gap b/w you and your client.

1.8.6 Web Application Development

We develop the complete web application/ web solution to promote your product on-line. The

complete application gets develop in the consideration of our web experts. 

We use all major technologies PHP/.NET/JAVA for the web development. We design & develop

a complete Web portal to assist your online administration of your E-Store. It will be bind with

ample dynamic pages concepts to offer the best interaction to the client as well the solution what

your really wish to offer them.

Static web pages designing

E-commerce websites

Flash website designing

Dynamic website designing

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CHAPTER 2HTML

2.1 Introduction

Hypertext Markup Language, commonly referred to as HTML, is the standard markup

language used to create web pages. It is written in the form of HTML elements consisting

of tags enclosed in angular brackets like (<html>).  HTML tags most commonly come in pairs

like <h1> and </h1>, although some represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for ex.

<img>. The first tag in such a pair is the start tag, and the second is the end tag (they are also

called opening tags and closing tags).

Web browsers can read HTML files and render them into visible or audible web pages. Browsers

do not display the HTML tags and scripts, but use them to interpret the content of the page.

HTML describes the structure of a website semantically along with cues for presentation, making

it a markup language, rather than a programming language.

HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and objects to

be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured

documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links,

quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages such as JavaScript which affect

the behavior of HTML web pages.

Web browsers can also refer to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the look and layout of

text and other material. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), maintainer of both the HTML

and the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit presentational HTML since

1997.

The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags", first

mentioned on the Internet by Berners-Lee in late 1991. It describes 18 elements comprising the

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initial, relatively simple design of HTML. Except for the hyperlink tag, these were strongly

influenced by SGML guide, an in-house Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)-based

documentation format at CERN. Eleven of these elements still exist in HTML4.

HTML is a markup language that web browsers use to interpret and compose text, images and

other material into visual or audible web pages. Default characteristics for every item of HTML

markup are defined in the browser, and these characteristics can be altered or enhanced by the

web page designer's additional use of CSS. Many of the text elements are found in the 1988 ISO

technical report TR 9537 Techniques for using SGML, which in turn covers the features of early

text formatting languages such as that used by the RUNOFF command developed in the early

1960s for the CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing System) operating system: these formatting

commands were derived from the commands used by typesetters to manually format documents.

However, the SGML concept of generalized markup is based on elements (nested annotated

ranges with attributes) rather than merely print effects, with also the separation of structure and

markup; HTML has been progressively moved in this direction with CSS.

After the HTML and HTML+ drafts expired in early 1994, the IETF created an HTML Working

Group, which in 1995 completed "HTML 2.0", the first HTML specification intended to be

treated as a standard against which future implementations should be based.

Further development under the auspices of the IETF was stalled by competing interests. Since

1996, the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software

vendors, by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).[13] However, in 2000, HTML also became

an international standard (ISO/IEC 15445:2000). HTML 4.01 was published in late 1999, with

further errata published through 2001. In 2004 development began on HTML5 in the Web

Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), which became a joint

deliverable with the W3C in 2008, and completed and standardized on 28 October 2014.

2.2 Markup

HTML markup consists of several key components, including those called tags (and

their attributes), character-based data types, character references and entity references. Another

important component of the HTML document type declaration, which triggers standards

mode rendering.

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Example : The following is an example of the classic Hello world program, a common test

employed for comparing programming languages, scripting languages and markup languages.

This example is made using 9 lines of code:

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>This is a title</title></head><body><p>Hello world!</p></body></html>

Fig: 2.1 Example, to print hello world .

(The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page, and the text between <body> and

</body> is the visible page content. The markup text "<title>”. This is a title </title>" defines the

browser page title.)

The Document Type Declaration <DOCTYPE HTML> is for HTML5. If a declaration is not

included, various browsers will revert to "quirks mode" for rendering.

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Fig:2.2 Example of using <DOCTYPE HTML> in code.

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2.3 Elements

HTML documents imply a structure of nested HTML elements. These are indicated in the

document by HTML tags, enclosed in angle brackets thus: <p> 

In the simple, general case, the extent of an element is indicated by a pair of tags: a "start

tag" <p> and "end tag" </p>. The text content of the element, if any, is placed between these

tags.

Tags may also enclose further tag markup between the start and end, including a mixture of tags

and text. This indicates further (nested) elements, as children of the parent element.

The start tag may also include attributes within the tag. These indicate other information, such as

identifiers for sections within the document, identifiers used to bind style information to the

presentation of the document, and for some tags such as the <img> used to embed images, the

reference to the image resource.

Some elements, such as the line break <br>, do not permit any embedded content, either text or

further tags. These require only a single empty tag (akin to a start tag) and do not use an end tag.

Many tags, particularly the closing end tag for the very commonly-used paragraph element <p>,

are optional. An HTML browser or other agent can infer the closure for the end of an element

from the context and the structural rules defined by the HTML standard. These rules are complex

and not widely understood by most HTML coders.

The general form of an  HTML element is therefore: <tag attribute1="value1"

attribute2="value2">content</tag>. Some HTML elements are defined as empty elements and

take the form <tag attribute1="value1" attribute2="value2">. Empty elements may enclose no

content, for instance, the <br> tag or the inline <img>tag. The name of an HTML element is the

name used in the tags. Note that the end tag's name is preceded by a slash character, "/", and that

in empty elements the end tag is neither required nor allowed. If attributes are not mentioned,

default values are used in each case.

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Element examples

2.3.1 HEAD ELEMENT

Header of the HTML document:<head>...</head>. The title is included in the head, for example:

<head><title>The Title</title></head>

Fig: 2.3 Example for showing the title is included in the head.

:

<h1>Heading level 1</h1><h2>Heading level 2</h2><h3>Heading level 3</h3><h4>Heading level 4</h4><h5>Heading level 5</h5><h6>Heading level 6</h6>

Fig: 2.4 Headings: HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags

2.3.2 Paragraph

<p>Paragraph 1</p><p>Paragraph 2</p>

Fig: 2.5 Example using paragraph in code.

2.3.3. Break

Line breaks <br>. The difference between <br> and <p> is that "br" breaks a line without altering the semantic structure of the page, whereas "p" sections the page into paragraphs. Note also that "br" is an empty element in that, although it may have attributes, it can take no content and it may not have an end tag.

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<p>This<br> is a paragraph <br> with <br> line breaks</p>

Fig: 2.6 Showing difference between <p> and <br> elements.

This is a link in HTML. To create a link the <a> tag is used. The <href> attribute holds the URL address of the link.

<ahref="https://www.wikipedia.org/">A link to Wikipedia!</a>

Fig: 2.7 Example of <ahref> in code.

2.3.5 Comments

Comments can help in the understanding of the markup and do not display in the webpage.

<!-- This is a comment -->

Fig: 2.8 Example for using comment in code.

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CHAPTER 3

JAVASCRIPT

3.1 Introduction

JavaScript is the most popular programming language in the world.

This page contains some examples of what JavaScript can do.

3.2.1 JavaScript Can Change HTML Content

One of many HTML methods is getElementById().

This example uses the method to "find" an HTML element (with id="demo"), and changes the element content (inner HTML) to "Hello JavaScript":

Example :

document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript";

3.1.2 JavaScript Can Change HTML Styles (CSS)

Changing the style of an HTML element, is a variant of changing an HTML attribute:

Example

document.getElementById("demo").style.fontSize = "25px";

3.1.3 Syntax

Variables in JavaScript can be defined using the “var” keyword

varx;// defines the variable x, the special value “undefined” (not to be confused with an undefined value) is assigned to it by defaultvary=2;// defines the variable y and assigns the value of 2 to it

Fig: 3.1 Variables can be declared in above two ways.

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Note the comments in the example above, both of which were preceded with two forward

slashes.

There is no built-in I/O functionality in JavaScript; the run-time environment provides that,

indeed, there are no provisions in this specification for input of external data or output of

computed results.

However, most runtime environments have a console object that can be used to print output.

console.log("Hello World!");

Fig: 3.2 This is a minimalist Hello World program.

functionfactorial(n){if(n==0){return1;}returnn*factorial(n-1);}

Fig 3.3 A simple recursive function.

vardisplayClosure=function(){varcount=0;returnfunction(){return++count;};}varinc=displayClosure();inc();// returns 1inc();// returns 2inc();// returns 3

Fig: 3.4 Anonymous function (or lambda) syntax and closure example

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varsum=function(){vari,x=0;for(i=0;i<arguments.length;++i){x+=arguments[i];}returnx;}sum(1,2,3);// returns 6

Fig: 3.5 Variadic function demonstration (arguments is a special variable).

3.2 Use in Web Pages

The most common use of JavaScript is to add client-side behavior to HTML pages,

a.k.a. Dynamic HTML (DHTML). Scripts are embedded in or included from HTML pages and

interact with the Document Object Model (DOM) of the page. Some simple examples of this

usage are:

Loading new page content or submitting data to the server via AJAX without reloading the

page (for example, a social network might allow the user to post status updates without

leaving the page)

Animation of page elements, fading them in and out, resizing them, moving them, etc.

Interactive content, for example games, and playing audio and video

Validating input values of a Web form to make sure that they are acceptable before being

submitted to the server.

Transmitting information about the user's reading habits and browsing activities to various

websites. Web pages frequently do this for web analytics, ad tracking,personalization or

other purposes.

Because JavaScript code can run locally in a user's browser (rather than on a remote server), the

browser can respond to user actions quickly, making an application more responsive.

Furthermore, JavaScript code can detect user actions that HTML alone cannot, such as individual

keystrokes. Applications such as Gmail take advantage of this: much of the user-interface logic

is written in JavaScript, and JavaScript dispatches requests for information (such as the content

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of an e-mail message) to the server. The wider trend of Ajax programming similarly exploits this

strength.

A JavaScript engine (also known as JavaScript interpreter or JavaScript implementation) is an interpreter that interprets JavaScript source code and executes the script accordingly. The first JavaScript engine was created by Brendan Eich at Netscape Communications Corporation, for the Netscape Navigator web browser. The engine, code-named SpiderMonkey, is implemented in C. It has since been updated (in JavaScript 1.5) to conform to ECMA-262 Edition 3. The Rhino engine, created primarily by Norris Boyd (formerly of Netscape; now at Google) is a JavaScript implementation in Java. Rhino, like SpiderMonkey, is ECMA-262 Edition 3 compliant.

A web browser is by far the most common host environment for JavaScript. Web browsers typically create "host objects" to represent the Document Object Model (DOM) in JavaScript. The web server is another common host environment. A JavaScript web server would typically expose host objects representing HTTP request and response objects, which a JavaScript program could then interrogate and manipulate to dynamically generate web pages.

Because JavaScript is the only language that the most popular browsers share support for, it has become a target language for many frameworks in other languages, even though JavaScript was never intended to be such a language. Despite the performance limitations inherent to its dynamic nature, the increasing speed of JavaScript engines has made the language a surprisingly feasible compilation target.

3.3 Compatibility considerations

Because JavaScript runs in widely varying environments, an important part of testing and

debugging is to test and verify that the JavaScript works across multiple browsers.

The DOM interfaces for manipulating web pages are not part of the ECMA Script standard, or of

JavaScript itself. Officially, the DOM interfaces are defined by a separate standardization effort

by the W3C; in practice, browser implementations differ from the standards and from each other,

and not all browsers execute JavaScript.

To deal with these differences, JavaScript authors can attempt to write standards-compliant code

that will also be executed correctly by most browsers; failing that, they can write code that

checks for the presence of certain browser features and behaves differently if they are not

available. In some cases, two browsers may both implement a feature but with different

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behavior, and authors may find it practical to detect what browser is running and change their

script’s behavior to match. Programmers may also use libraries or toolkits that take browser

differences into account.

use a PDA or mobile phone browser that cannot execute JavaScript,

have JavaScript execution disabled as a security precaution,

use a speech browser due to, for example, a visual disability.

To support these users, Web authors can try to create pages that degrade gracefully on user

agents (browsers) that do not support the page’s JavaScript. In particular, the page should remain

usable albeit without the extra features that the JavaScript would have added. An alternative

approach that many find preferable is to first author content using basic technologies that work in

all browsers, then enhance the content for users that have JavaScript enabled. This is known

as progressive enhancement.

<!DOCTYPE html>

<metacharset=”utf-8”><title>Minimal Example</title>

<h1id=”header”>This is JavaScript</h1>

<script>document.body.appendChild(document.createTextNode(‘Hello World!’));

varh1=document.getElementById(‘header’);// holds a reference to the <h1> tagh1=document.getElementsByTagName(‘h1’)[0];// accessing the same <h1> element</script>

<noscript>Your browser either does not support JavaScript, or has it turned off.</noscript>

Fig: 3.6 Example of Javascript.

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CHAPTER 4

CSS

4.1 Introduction

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the look and

formatting of a document written in a markup language. Although most often used to change the

style of web pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be

applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. Along with

HTML and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone technology used by most websites to create visually

engaging webpages, user interfaces for web applications, and user interfaces for many mobile

applications.

CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document

presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can

improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of

presentation characteristics, enable multiple HTML pages to share formatting by specifying the

relevant CSS in a separate .css file, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural

content, such as semantically insignificant tables that were widely used to format pages before

consistent CSS rendering was available in all major browsers. CSS makes it possible to separate

presentation instructions from the HTML content in a separate file or style section of the HTML

file. For each matching HTML element, it provides a list of formatting instructions. For example,

a CSS rule might specify that "all heading 1 elements should be bold", leaving pure semantic

HTML markup that asserts "this text is a level 1 heading" without formatting code such as a

<bold> tag indicating how such text should be displayed.

4.2 SyntaxCSS has a simple syntax and uses a number of English keywords to specify the names of various

style properties.

A style sheet consists of a list of rules. Each rule or rule-set consists of one or more selectors,

and a declaration block.

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4.2.1 Selector

In CSS, selectors are used to declare which part of the markup a style applies to by matching tags

and attributes in the markup itself. Selectors may apply to:

all elements of a specific type, e.g. the second-level headers h2

elements specified by attribute, in particular.

id: an identifier unique to the document.

class: an identifier that groups multiple elements in a document.

elements depending on how they are placed relative to others in the document tree.

Classes and IDs are case-sensitive, start with letters, and can include alphanumeric characters

and underscores. Any number of instances of any number of elements may have the same class.

Conventionally, IDs only apply to one instance of one element.

Pseudo-classes are used in CSS selectors to permit formatting based on information that is not

contained in the document tree. One example of a widely used pseudo-class is:hover, which

identifies content only when the user 'points to' the visible element, usually by holding the mouse

cursor over it. It is appended to a selector as in a:hover or #elementid:hover. A pseudo-class

classifies document elements, such as:link or :visited whereas a pseudo-element makes a

selection that may consist of partial elements, such as first:line or first:letter.

Selectors may be combined in many ways to achieve great specificity and flexibility. Multiple

selectors may be joined in a spaced list to specify elements by location, element type, id, class, or

any combination thereof.

4.3 Use

Before CSS, nearly all of the presentational attributes of HTML documents were contained

within the HTML markup; all font colors, background styles, element alignments, borders and

sizes had to be explicitly described, often repeatedly, within the HTML. CSS allows authors to

move much of that information to another file, the style sheet, resulting in considerably simpler

HTML.

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For example, headings (h1 elements), sub-headings (h2), sub-sub-headings (h3) , etc., are

defined structurally using HTML. In print and on the screen, choice of font, size,

color and emphasis for these elements is presentational.

Before CSS, document authors who wanted to assign such typographic characteristics to, say, all

h2 headings had to repeat HTML presentational markup for each occurrence of that heading

type. This made documents more complex, larger, and more error-prone and difficult to

maintain. CSS allows the separation of presentation from structure. CSS can define color, font,

text alignment, size, borders, spacing, layout and many other typographic characteristics, and can

do so independently for on-screen and printed views. CSS also defines non-visual styles such as

the speed and emphasis with which text is read out by aural text readers. The W3C has

now deprecated the use of all presentational HTML markup.

<h1><fontcolor="red"> Chapter 1. </font></h1>

Fig: 4.1 For example, under pre-CSS HTML, a heading element defined with red text.

Using CSS, the same element can be coded using style properties instead of HTML presentational attributes:

<h1style="color:red"> Chapter 1. </h1>

Fig: 4.2 Above Example shows how style replaces font .

<linkhref="path/to/file.css"rel="stylesheet">

Fig: 4.3 An "external" CSS file, as described above, can be associated with an HTML document using the following syntax.

<style>

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Fig: 4.3 Above Example show an internal CSS code can be typed in the head section of the code. The coding is started with the style tag.

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><metacharset="utf-8"><style>#xyz{ color:red }</style></head><body><pid="xyz"style="color: blue">To demonstrate specificity </p></body></html>

Fig: 4.4 Example of CSS

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CHAPTER 5

JQUERY AND BOOTSTRAP

5.1 Introduction Of JQuery

JQuery is a  cross-platform JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML. JQuery is the most popular JavaScript library in use today, with installation on 65% of the top 10 million highest-trafficked sites on the Web. JQuery is free, open-source software licensed under the MIT License.

jQuery's syntax is designed to make it easier to navigate a document, select DOM elements, create animations, handle events, and develop Ajax applications. JQuery also provides capabilities for developers to create plug-ins on top of the JavaScript library. This enables developers to create abstractions for low-level interaction and animation, advanced effects and high-level, theme-able widgets. The modular approach to the jQuery library allows the creation of powerful dynamic web pages and web applications.

The set of jQuery core features DOM element selections, traversal and manipulation—enabled by its selector engine created a new "programming style", fusing algorithms and DOM data structures. This style influenced the architecture of other JavaScript frameworks like YUI v3 and Dojo, later stimulating the creation of the standard Selectors API.

Microsoft and Nokia bundle jQuery on their platforms. Microsoft includes it with Visual Studio for use within Microsoft's ASP.NET AJAX framework and ASP.NET MVC Framework while Nokia has integrated it into the Web Run-Time widget development platform. JQuery has also been used in MediaWiki since version 1.16.

5.2 Features

jQuery includes the following features:

DOM element selections using the multi-browser open source selector engine Sizzle, a spin-

off of the jQuery project.

DOM manipulation based on CSS selectors that uses elements' names and attributes, such as

id and class, as criteria to select nodes in the DOM

Events

Effects and animations

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AJAX

Deferred and Promise objects to control asynchronous processing

JSON parsing

Extensibility through plug-ins

Utilities, such as feature detection

Compatibility methods that are natively available in modern browsers but need fall backs for

older ones, such as in Array()

Multi-browser (not to be confused with cross-browser) support

5.3 Browser support

Both versions 1.x and 2.x of jQuery support "current-1 versions" (meaning the current stable version of the browser and the version that preceded it) of Firefox, Chrome, Safari, and Opera. Version 1.x also supports Internet Explorer 6 or higher. However, jQuery version 2.x dropped Internet Explorer 6–8 support (which represents less than 28% of all browsers in use) and supports only IE 9 and later versions.

5.4 Usage

The jQuery library is a single JavaScript file containing all of its common DOM, event, effects, and Ajax functions. It can be included within a web page by linking to a local copy or to one of the many copies available from public servers. jQuery has a CDN hosted by Max CDN . Google and Microsoft host it as well.

<script src="jquery.js"></script>

Fig: 5.1 Example to write jQuery in script.

It is also possible to include jQuery directly from content delivery networks. (The link starting with // is protocol relative URL.).

<scriptsrc="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>

Fig : 5.2 Including jQuery directly .

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5.4.1 Usage styles

jQuery has two usage styles:

Via the $ function, which is a factory method for the jQuery object. These functions, often called commands, are chainable as they all return jQuery objects.

Via $-prefixed functions. These are utility functions, which do not act upon the jQuery object directly.

Access to and manipulation of multiple DOM nodes in jQuery typically begins with calling the $ function with a CSS selector string. This returns a jQuery object referencing all the matching elements in the HTML page. For example, returns a jQuery object with all the div elements of class test. This node set can be manipulated by calling methods on the returned jQuery object or on the nodes themselves.

No-Conflict Mode

JQuery also includes noConflictmode() which relinquishes control of $. This can be helpful if jQuery is used with other libraries that also use $ as an identifier. In no-conflict mode, developers can use jQuery as a replacement for $  without losing functionality.

Typical start-point

The typical jQuery usage is to put initialization code and event handling functions in ready(). This is triggered when the browser has constructed the DOM and sends a load event.

<scripttype="text/javascript">$(document).ready(function(){// jQuery code, event handling callbacks here});</script>

Fig: 5.3 Example of typical start point.

Callback functions for event handling are also included inside ready() as anonymous functions but called when the event for the callback is triggered. For example, the following jQuery code adds an event handler for a mouse click on an <img> image element.

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$(document).ready(function(){$('img').click(function(){// handle the click event on any img element in the page});});

Fig: 5.4 Example to show events.

The following syntaxes are equivalent: $(document).ready(handler) $(handler)

5.5 Bootstrap Introduction

Bootstrap is a free and open-source collection of tools for creating websites and web applications. It contains HTML- and CSS-based design templates for typography, forms, buttons, navigation and other interface components, as well as optional JavaScript extensions. It aims to ease the development of dynamic websites and web applications.

Bootstrap is a front end framework, that is, an interface for the user, unlike the server-side code which resides on the "back end" or server.

As of June 2015, it was the most-starred project on GitHub, with over 81,000 stars and more than 32,000 forks.

5.6 Structure and function

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Fig: 5.5 Example of a webpage using Bootstrap framework rendered in Mozilla Firefox.

Bootstrap is modular and consists essentially of a series of LESS stylesheets that implement the

various components of the toolkit. A stylesheet called bootstrap less includes the components

stylesheet.. Developers can adapt the Bootstrap file itself, selecting the components they wish to

use in their project.

Adjustments are possible to a limited extent through a central configuration stylesheet. More

profound changes are possible by the LESS declarations.

The use of LESS stylesheet language allows the use of variables, functions and operators, nested

selectors, as well as so-called mixins.

Since version 2.0, the configuration of Bootstrap also has a special "Customize" option in the

documentation. Moreover, the developer chooses on a form the desired components and adjusts,

if necessary, the values of various options to their needs. The subsequently generated package

already includes the pre-built CSS style sheet.

Grid system and responsive design comes standard with a 1170 pixel wide, grid layout.

Alternatively, the developer can use a variable-width layout. For both cases, the toolkit has four

variations to make use of different resolutions and types of devices: mobile phones, portrait and

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landscape, tablets and PCs with low and high resolution. Each variation adjusts the width of the

columns.

The CSS :

Bootstrap provides a set of stylesheets that provide basic style definitions for all key HTML

components. These provide a uniform, modern appearance for formatting text, tables and form

elements.

Re-usable components :

In addition to the regular HTML elements, Bootstrap contains other commonly used interface

elements. These include buttons with advanced features (e.g. grouping of buttons or buttons with

drop-down option, make and navigation lists, horizontal and vertical tabs, navigation,

breadcrumb navigation, pagination, etc.), labels, advanced typographic capabilities, thumbnails,

warning messages and a progress bar. The components are implemented as CSS classes, which

must be applied to certain HTML elements in a page.

JavaScript components :

Bootstrap comes with several JavaScript components in the form of jQuery plugins. They

provide additional user interface elements such as dialog boxes, tooltips, and carousels. They

also extend the functionality of some existing interface elements, including for example an auto-

complete function for input fields. In version 2.0, the following JavaScript plugins are supported:

Modal, Dropdown, and Scroll spy, Tab, Tooltip, Popover, Alert, Button, Collapse, Carousel and

Type ahead.

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CHAPTER 6

PHP And MYSQL

6.1 Introduction

MySQL (My S-Q-L",officially, also "My Sequel") is a relational database management

system(RDBMS).[7] In July 2013 it was the world's second most widely used RDBMS, and the

most widely used open-source RDBMS. It is named after co-founder Michael Widenius's

daughter, My. The SQL acronym stands for Structured Query Language. The MySQL

development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General

Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and

sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle

Corporation.[12] For proprietary use, several paid editions are available, and offer additional

functionality.

MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web applications, and is a central component

of the widely used LAMP open source web application software stack (and other 'AMP' stacks).

LAMP is an acronym for "Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python." Free-software-open

source projects that require a full-featured database management system often use MySQL.

Applications that use the MySQL database include: TYPO3, MODx, Joomla, WordPress, 

phpBB, MyBB, Drupal and other software. MySQL is also used in many high-profile, large-

scale websites, including Google (though not for searches), Facebook,

Twitter, Flickr, and YouTube.

On all platforms except Windows, MySQL ships with no GUI tools to administer MySQL

databases or manage data contained within the databases. Users may use the included command

line tools, or install MySQL Workbench via a separate download. Many third party GUI tools

are also available.

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6.2 History

MySQL was created by a Swedish company, MySQL AB, founded by David Axmark, Allan Larsson and Michael "Monty" Widenius. The first version of MySQL appeared on 23 May 1995. It was initially created for personal usage from MySQL based on the low-level language ISAM, which the creators considered too slow and inflexible. They created a new SQL interface, while keeping the same API as MySQL. By keeping the API consistent with the MySQL system, many developers were able to use MySQL instead of the (proprietarily licensed) MySQL antecedent

6.3 Milestones

Notable milestones in MySQL development include:

Original development of MySQL by Michael Widenius and David Axmark beginning in 1994

First internal release on 23 May 1995 Version 3.19: End of 1996, from www.tcx.se Version 3.20: January 1997 Windows version was released on 8 January 1998 for Windows 95 and NT Version 3.21: production release 1998, from www.mysql.com Version 3.22: alpha, beta from 1998 Version 3.23: beta from June 2000, production release 22 January 2001 Version 4.0: beta from August 2002, production release March 2003 (unions) Version 4.01: beta from August 2003, Jyotiadopts MySQL for database tracking Version 4.1: beta from June 2004, production release October 2004 (R-trees and B-trees,

subqueries, prepared statements) Version 5.0: beta from March 2005, production release October 2005 (cursors, stored

procedures, triggers, views, XA transactions)The developer of the Federated Storage Engine states that "The Federated Storage Engine is a proof-of-concept storage engine",[34] but the main distributions of MySQL version 5.0 included it and turned it on by default. Documentation of some of the short-comings appears in "MySQL Federated Tables: The Missing Manual".

Sun Microsystems acquired MySQL AB in 2008. Version 5.1: production release 27 November 2008 (event scheduler, partitioning, plugin

API, row-based replication, server log tables)

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Version 5.1 contained 20 known crashing and wrong result bugs in addition to the 35 present in version 5.0 (almost all fixed as of release 5.1.51). MySQL 5.1 and 6.0-alpha showed poor performance when used for data warehousing – partly due to its inability to utilize multiple CPU cores for processing a single query.

Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems on 27 January 2010. The day Oracle announced the purchase of Sun, Michael "Monty" Widenius

forked MySQL, launching MariaDB, and took a swath of MySQL developers with him.

MySQL Server 5.5 was generally available (as of December 2010). Enhancements and features include: The default storage engine is InnoDB, which supports transactions and

referential integrity constraints. Improved InnoDB I/O subsystem Improved SMP support Semisynchronous replication. SIGNAL and RESIGNAL statement in compliance with the SQL standard. Support for supplementary Unicode character sets utf16, utf32, and utf8mb4. New options for user-defined partitioning.

MySQL Server 6.0.11-alpha was announced on 22 May 2009 as the last release of the 6.0 line. Future MySQL Server development uses a New Release Model. Features developed for 6.0 are being incorporated into future releases.

MySQL 5.6 general availability was announced in February 2013. New features included performance improvements to the query optimizer, higher transactional throughput in InnoDB, new NoSQL-style memcached APIs, improvements to partitioning for querying and managing very large tables, TIMESTAMP column type that correctly stores milliseconds, improvements to replication, and better performance monitoring by expanding the data available through the PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA. The InnoDB storage engine also included support for full text search and improved group commit performance.

MySQL 5.7 Development Milestone 3 was released December 2013

6.4 MySql Functions

mysql_affected_rows — Get number of affected rows in previous MySQL operation mysql_client_encoding — Returns the name of the character set

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mysql_close — Close MySQL connection mysql_connect — Open a connection to a MySQL Server mysql_create_db — Create a MySQL database mysql_data_seek — Move internal result pointer mysql_db_name — Retrieves database name from the call to mysql_list_dbs mysql_db_query — Selects a database and executes a query on it mysql_drop_db — Drop (delete) a MySQL database mysql_errno — Returns the numerical value of the error message from previous MySQL

operation mysql_error — Returns the text of the error message from previous MySQL operation mysql_escape_string — Escapes a string for use in a mysql_query mysql_fetch_array — Fetch a result row as an associative array, a numeric array, or both mysql_fetch_assoc — Fetch a result row as an associative array mysql_fetch_field — Get column information from a result and return as an object mysql_fetch_lengths — Get the length of each output in a result mysql_fetch_object — Fetch a result row as an object mysql_fetch_row — Get a result row as an enumerated array mysql_field_flags — Get the flags associated with the specified field in a result mysql_field_len — Returns the length of the specified field mysql_field_name — Get the name of the specified field in a result mysql_field_seek — Set result pointer to a specified field offset mysql_field_table — Get name of the table the specified field is in mysql_field_type — Get the type of the specified field in a result mysql_free_result — Free result memory mysql_get_client_info — Get MySQL client info mysql_get_host_info — Get MySQL host info mysql_get_proto_info — Get MySQL protocol info mysql_get_server_info — Get MySQL server info mysql_info — Get information about the most recent query mysql_insert_id — Get the ID generated in the last query mysql_list_dbs — List databases available on a MySQL server mysql_list_fields — List MySQL table fields mysql_list_processes — List MySQL processes mysql_list_tables — List tables in a MySQL database mysql_num_fields — Get number of fields in result

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mysql_num_rows — Get number of rows in result mysql_pconnect — Open a persistent connection to a MySQL server mysql_ping — Ping a server connection or reconnect if there is no connection mysql_query — Send a MySQL query mysql_real_escape_string — Escapes special characters in a string for use in an SQL

statement mysql_result — Get result data mysql_select_db — Select a MySQL database mysql_set_charset — Sets the client character set mysql_stat — Get current system status mysql_tablename — Get table name of field mysql_thread_id — Return the current thread ID mysql_unbuffered_query — Send an SQL query to MySQL without fetching and

buffering the result rows.

6.5 MySql Commands

To login (from unix shell) use -h only if needed.

# [mysqldir]/bin/mysql -h hostname -u root -p

Create a database on the sql server.

mysql> create database [databasename];

List all databases on the sql server.

mysql> show databases;

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Switch to a database.

mysql> use [db name];

To see all the tables in the db.

mysql> show tables;

To see database's field formats.

mysql> describe [table name];

To delete a db.

mysql> drop database [database name];

To delete a table.

mysql> drop table [table name];

Show all data in a table.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name];

Returns the columns and column information pertaining to the designated table.

mysql> show columns from [table name];

Show certain selected rows with the value "whatever".

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE [field name] = "whatever";

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Show all records containing the name "Bob" AND the phone number '3444444'.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name = "Bob" AND phone_number = '3444444';

Show all records not containing the name "Bob" AND the phone number '3444444' order by the phone_number field.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name != "Bob" AND phone_number = '3444444' order by phone_number;

Show all records starting with the letters 'bob' AND the phone number '3444444'.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like "Bob%" AND phone_number = '3444444';

Show all records starting with the letters 'bob' AND the phone number '3444444' limit to records 1 through 5.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like "Bob%" AND phone_number = '3444444' limit 1,5;

Use a regular expression to find records. Use "REGEXP BINARY" to force case-sensitivity. This finds any record beginning with a.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE rec RLIKE "^a";

Show unique records.

mysql> SELECT DISTINCT [column name] FROM [table name];

Show selected records sorted in an ascending (asc) or descending (desc).

mysql> SELECT [col1],[col2] FROM [table name] ORDER BY [col2] DESC;

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Return number of rows.

mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM [table name];

Sum column.

mysql> SELECT SUM(*) FROM [table name];

Join tables on common columns.

mysql> select lookup.illustrationid, lookup.personid,person.birthday from lookup left join person on lookup.personid=person.personid=statement to join birthday in person table with primary illustration id;

Creating a new user. Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Make the user. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -pmysql> use mysql;mysql> INSERT INTO user (Host,User,Password) VALUES('%','username',PASSWORD('password'));mysql> flush privileges;

Change a users password from unix shell.

# [mysqldir]/bin/mysqladmin -u username -h hostname.blah.org -p password 'new-password'

Change a users password from MySQL prompt. Login as root. Set the password. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -pmysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'user'@'hostname' = PASSWORD('passwordhere');mysql> flush privileges;

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Recover a MySQL root password. Stop the MySQL server process. Start again with no grant tables. Login to MySQL as root. Set new password. Exit MySQL and restart MySQL server.

# /etc/init.d/mysql stop# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &# mysql -u rootmysql> use mysql;mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("newrootpassword") where User='root';mysql> flush privileges;mysql> quit# /etc/init.d/mysql stop# /etc/init.d/mysql start

Set a root password if there is on root password.

# mysqladmin -u root password new password

6.6 PHP Introduction

PHP is a server-side scripting language created in 1995 and designed for web development but

also used as a general-purpose programming language. As of January 2013, PHP was installed

on more than 240 million websites (39% of those sampled) and 2.1 million web

servers. Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, the reference implementation of PHP

(powered by the Zend Engine) is now produced by The PHP Group. While PHP originally stood

for Personal Home Page, it now stands for PHP:Hypertext Preprocessor, which is

a recursive backronym.

PHP code can be simply mixed with HTML code, or it can be used in combination with

various templating engines and web frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a

PHP interpreter, which is usually implemented as a web server's native module or a Common

Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. After the PHP code is interpreted and executed, the web

server sends the resulting output to its client, usually in the form of a part of the generated web

page; for example, PHP code can generate a web page's HTML code, an image, or some other

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data. PHP has also evolved to include a command-line interface (CLI) capability and can be used

in standalone graphical applications.

The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software released under

the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers on

almost every operating system and platform, free of charge.

Despite its popularity, no written specification or standard existed for the PHP language until

2014, leaving the canonical PHP interpreter as a de facto standard. Since 2014, there is ongoing

work on creating a formal PHP specification.

PHP development began in 1994 when Rasmus Lerdorf wrote a series of Common Gateway

Interface (CGI) binaries in C, which he used to maintain his personal homepage. He extended

them to add the ability to work with web forms and to communicate with databases, and called

this implementation "Personal Home Page/Forms Interpreter" or PHP/FI.

6.6 Syntax

Main article: PHP syntax and semantics

The following "Hello, World!" program is written in PHP code embedded in an HTML document:

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>PHP Test</title></head><body><?phpecho'<p>Hello World</p>';?></body></html>

Fig: 6.1 Code in PHP.

The PHP interpreter only executes PHP code within its delimiters. Anything outside its delimiters is not processed by PHP (although non-PHP text is still subject to control

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structures described in PHP code). The most common delimiters are <?php to open and ?> to close PHP sections. There are also the shortened forms <?  Or <?=  (which is used to echo back a string or variable) and ?>. Short delimiters make script files less portable, since support for them can be disabled in the local PHP configuration, and they are therefore discouraged. The purpose of all these delimiters is to separate PHP code from non-PHP code, including HTML.

The first form of delimiters,<? and ?>, in XHTML and other XML documents, creates correctly formed XML "processing instructions". This means that the resulting mixture of PHP code and other markup in the server-side file is itself well-formed XML.

Variables are prefixed with a dollar symbol, and a type does not need to be specified in advance. PHP 5 introduced type hinting that allows functions to force their parameters to be objects of a specific class, arrays, interfaces or callback functions. However, before PHP 7.0, type hints could not be used with scalar types such as integer or string.

Unlike function and class names, variable names are case sensitive. Both double-quoted(“”) and heredoc strings provide the ability to interpolate a variable's value into the string. PHP treats newlines as whitespace in the manner of a free-form language, and statements are terminated by a semicolon. PHP has three types of comment syntax(/**/)marks block and inline comments; //as well as #  are used for one-line comments. The echo  statement is one of several facilities PHP provides to output text,e.g., to a web browser.

In terms of keywords and language syntax, PHP is similar to most high level languages that follow the C style syntax. If conditions, for and while loops, and function returns are similar in syntax to languages such as C, C++, C#, Java and Perl.

6.7 PHP Functions

PHP has hundreds of functions provided by the core language functionality and thousands more available via various extensions; these functions are well documented in the online PHP documentation. However, the built-in library has a wide variety of naming conventions and associated inconsistencies, as described under history above.

functionmyAge($birthYear){// defines a function, this one is named "myAge"$yearsOld=date('Y')-$birthYear;// calculates the agereturn$yearsOld.' year'.($yearsOld!=1?'s':'');// returns the age in a descriptive form}

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echo'I am currently '.myAge(1981).' old.';// outputs the text concatenated// with the return value of myAge()// As the result of this syntax, myAge() is called.// In 2015, the output of this sample program will be 'I am currently 34 years old.'

Fig: 6.2 :Additional functions can be defined by the developer.

In PHP, normal functions are not first-class and can only be referenced by their name directly, or

dynamically by a variable containing the name of the function (referred to as "variable

functions"). User-defined functions can be created at any time without

being prototyped. Functions can be defined inside code blocks, permitting a run-time decision as

to whether or not a function should be defined. Function calls must use parentheses, with the

exception of zero-argument class constructor functions called with the PHP  new  operator, where

parentheses are optional.

Until PHP 5.3, support for true anonymous functions or closures did not exist in PHP. While

create_function() exists since PHP 4.0.1, it is merely a thin wrapper around eval()  that allows

normal PHP functions to be created during program execution. Also, support for variable

functions allows normal PHP functions to be used, for example, as callbacks or within function

tables..

functiongetAdder($x){returnfunction($y)use($x){return$x+$y;};}

$adder=getAdder(8);echo$adder(2);// prints "10"

Fig: 6.3 PHP 5.3 added support for closures, which are true anonymous, first-class functions, whose syntax can be seen in the above example.

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In the example above, getadder()  function creates a closure using passed argument  $x  (the

keyword use() imports a variable from the lexical context), which takes an additional argument

&y , and returns the created closure to the caller. Such a function is a first-class object, meaning

that it can be stored in a variable, passed as a parameter to other functions, etc.

Unusually for a dynamic language, PHP supports type declarations on function parameters,

which are enforced at runtime. This has been supported for classes and interfaces since PHP 5.0,

for arrays since PHP 5.1, for "callables" since PHP 5.4, and will be supported for scalar (integer,

float, string and boolean) types in PHP 7.0. PHP 7.0 will also introduce type declarations for

function return types, expressed by placing the type name after the list of parameters, preceded

by a colon. For example, th getAdder function , from the earlier example could be annotated

with types like so in PHP 7:

functiongetAdder(int$x):\Closure{returnfunction(int$y)use($x):int{return$x+$y;};}

$adder=getAdder(8);echo$adder(2);// prints "10"echo$adder(null);// throws an exception because an incorrect type was passed$adder=getAdder([]);// would also throw an exception

Fig :6.4

By default, scalar type declarations follow weak typing principles. So, for example, if a

parameter's type is  int , PHP would allow not only integers, but also convertible numeric strings,

floats or booleans to be passed to that function, and would convert them. However, PHP 7 will

add a "strict typing" mode which, when used, disallows such conversions for function calls and

returns within a file.

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6.8 Use

Fig : 6.5 A broad overview of the LAMP software bundle, displayed here together with Squid.

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to server-side web development, in which case PHP generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file is executed by the PHP runtime, usually to create dynamic web page content or dynamic images used on websites or elsewhere. It can also be used for command-line scripting and client-side graphical user interface (GUI) applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers, many operating systems and platforms, and can be used with many relational database management systems (RDBMS). Most web hosting providers support PHP for use by their clients. It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source code for users to build, customize and extend for their own use.

PHP acts primarily as a filter, taking input from a file or stream containing text and/or PHP instructions and outputting another stream of data. Most commonly the output will be HTML, although it could be JSON, XML or binary data such as image or audio formats. Since PHP 4, the PHP parser compiles input to produce byte-code for processing by the Zend Engine, giving improved performance over its interpreter predecessor.

Originally designed to create dynamic web pages, PHP now focuses mainly on server-side scripting and it is similar to other server-side scripting languages that provide dynamic content from a web server to a client, such as Microsoft's ASP.NET, Sun Microsystems JavaServer Pages,  and mod_perl. PHP has also attracted the development of many software frameworks that provide building blocks and a design structure to promote rapid application development (RAD).

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Some of these include PRADO, CakePHP,Symfony, CodeIgniter, Laravel, Yii Framework, Phalcon and Zend Framework, offering features similar to other web application frameworks.

The LAMP architecture has become popular in the web industry as a way of deploying web applications. As of April 2007, over 20 million Internet domains had web services hosted on servers with PHP installed and mod_php was recorded as the most popular Apache HTTP Server module. As of October 2010, PHP was used as the server-side programming language on 75% of all websites whose server-side programming language was known (as of February 2014, the percentage had reached 82%and PHP was the most-used open source software within enterprises. Web content management systems written in PHP include MediaWiki, Joomla,eZ Publish, SilverStripe, WordPress, Drupal, Moodle the user-facing portion of Facebook, Known and Digg.

For specific and more advanced usage scenarios, PHP offers a well defined and documented way for writing custom extensions in C or C++. Besides extending the language itself in form of additional libraries, extensions are providing a way for improving execution speed where it is critical and there is room for improvements by using a true compiled language.[164][165] PHP also offers well defined ways for embedding itself into other software projects. That way PHP can be easily used as an internal scripting language for another project, also providing tight interfacing with the project's specific internal data structures.

PHP received mixed reviews due to lacking support for multithreading at the core language level, though using threads is made possible by the "pthreads" PECLextension

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CHAPTER 7

PANELS

7.1 Introduction

A panel is "a particular arrangement of information grouped together for presentation to users in

a window or pop-up." In ISPF, a panel is "a predefined display image that you see on a display

screen."

A panel graphical control element is commonly packaged as part of a widget toolkit (libraries

that contain a collection of graphical control elements) for a graphical user interface.

See toolbar and dialog box.

Fig: 7.1 Example of Panel.

In computer program development, a panel is a representation of what information will be sent to a user's display screen in given circumstances. Typically, when designing a program, the user interface is specified by portraying what information (text and pictures) will be presented to the user at different stages of using the program. For example, each menu, help page, or other form of content constitutes a panel of information that is to be implemented by developers and tested by early users. Since most applications are developed against the context of an operating system graphical user interface (GUI ), these elements can sometimes be assumed in describing specific panels. Generally, in a windowed user interface, a panel is designed for each window of information.

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CHAPTER 8 Project Description

8.1 Introduction

We have developed a project on “Online Dispensary Management System” on a PHP

platform. This project is about an online medical site which is open for all. The interface is very

user-friendly. The data are well protected for personal use and makes the data processing very

fast.The project is based on the database, object oriented and networking techniques. As there are

many areas where we keep the records in database for which we are using MY SQL software

which is one of the best and the easiest software to keep our information. This project uses PHP

as the front-end software and has connectivity with MY SQL.Our Project includes registrations

of members, storing their detail. Registered members then check the details of the doctors which

are on duty, their schedule, medicines available on medical store. There is a contact page

available which includes the detail of all the departments. Admin can update the details like

contact no or E-mail_id accordingly.Clients can also request for the change of password which

will be updated in the database. Only admin can make any changes to the portal other than

personal details of the clients. The details of all the clients are stored in the database. Other than

this there is also an enquiry form and subscribe form provided for clients. We have worked on

the languages such as HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets),

Javascript, Jquery. For Database we have worked on MySql platform. We have used the software

like Dreamweaver CC, Wamp.

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Fig: 8.1 Home page of our website.

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8.2 Details About The Project

8.2.1 Information Page

Information Page consist of further two links

1. On Duty Doctor

Client can access this page for checking on duty doctor for treatment procedure.

Details of all the doctor will be available here.

Fig 8.3 OnDuty doctors .

2. Medical StoreClient will access this page if he wants to get information about any medicines or if he wants

to get any medicine prescribed by doctor.

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Fig: 8.4 Example of Slider .

Fig : 8.5 Screenshot about Medical store on website.

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Fig: 8.6 Medicines available on website.

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8.2.3 Contact Page

For any further query clients can access this page. Contact Page consist of contact of all the departments of dispensary.

Fig : 8.7 Screenshot of Contact Page ofwebsite.

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Fig: 8.8 Contact details of Doctors .

8.2.4 Login Page

Client can Access login page for login into the portal of Dispensary management. If he is not

already the registered user then client can sign up for that and can access further.

1)Admin Side

Admin will access this page for maintaining the records of all the registered users in the

database. Admin will also provide the facility of changing the password to client if in case he

forgot the password or wishes to change the password.

Fig : 8.9 Admin Login Page .

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2)User side

Fig : 8.10 User Login Page

8.2.5 Footer

Our Footer consist of 3 parts. In first part there is a gallery in which there is the collection of images. Second part consist of contact address of dispensary with the name of contact person. Third part consist of Subscribe form and contact icons.

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Fig : 8.11 Footer of website.

8.3 MySQL

MySQL is a collection of different databases. Example my_data1 consist of tables like

admin_login, user_login, user_profile.

Fig : 8.12 Admin_login table consist of user_id and Password of admin.

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Fig : 8.13 User_profile consist of all the details of clients.

8.3.1 Admin Panel

It is the gateway to managing your websites from the simple email setup to advanced server

management. We can configure anything to everything about your websites on your admin

panel.

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Fig : 8.14 Admin Panel of website.

View Profile

In this all the details of the patients will be displayed from the database.

Fig : 8.15 View profile from admin .

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Change Password

Admin can change its password which will be reflected to the database.

Fig : 8.16 Screenshot of Changing password page.

8.3.2 Client Panel/User Panel

Client Web Panels are part of Stash's Client Web Fragment family of modules. They parallel the

functionality of Web Panels, but are rendered dynamically in the browser.

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Fig: 8.17 User Panel of website.

8.4 Software used

We have worked on the software Dreamweaver and Wamp.

8.4.1 AdobeDreamweaver 

It is a proprietary web development tool developed by Adobe Systems. Dreamweaver was

created byMacromedia in 1997, and was maintained by them until Macromedia was acquired by

Adobe Systems in 2005.

Adobe Dreamweaver is available for OS X and for Windows.

Following Adobe's acquisition of the Macromedia product suite, releases of Dreamweaver

subsequent to version 8.0 have been more compliant with W3C standards. Recent versions have

improved support for Web technologies such as CSS,JavaScript, and various server-side

scripting languages and frameworks including ASP (ASP JavaScript, ASP VBScript, ASP.NET

C#, ASP.NET VB), ColdFusion, Scriptlet, and PHP.

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Fig: 8.18 Code in Adobe Dreamweaver(html page).

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Fig: 8.18 Screenshot of code in Adobe Dreamweaver (CSS page).

8.4.2 Wamp

WAMP, "Windows, Apache, MySQL, and PHP", an application server platform.

WAMP may also refer to:

WAMP (FM), a radio station (88.1 FM) licensed to Jackson, Tennessee, United States Web Application Messaging Protocol, a network protocol that provides Remote Procedure

Calls and Publish & Subscribe in oneWebSocket based protocol.

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CONCLUSION

The summer training at Genx Soft Technologies, JAIPUR has been a unique experience for me

as it helped me to acquire practical knowledge and trends.

The practical training at Genx Soft Technologies, JAIPUR, provided me a golden opportunity to

increase my knowledge in Web Designing and Web Development. W we have learnt the use of

software Dreamweaver which we have not used before. It also helps me to increase the basic

knowledge of HTML, CSS and all the other platforms on which we have worked. This 45 days

training was very helpful for us in clearing our concept and helps us to learnt new concepts.

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REFERENCES

http://genxsoftindia.com/ http://www.w3schools.com/html/ https://www.codecademy.com/courses/web-beginner-en-StaFQ/0/1?

curriculum_id=5124ef4c78d510dd89003eb8 http://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asp http://www.quirksmode.org/js/intro.html

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