Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as a Partial-portland-cement-replacement Material

7/23/2019 Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as a Partial-portland-cement-replacement Material

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SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH AS A PARTIAL-PORTLAND-CEMENT-REPLACEMENT MATERIAL

CENIZA DE BAGAZO DE CAA DE AZCAR COMO MATERIAL DE

SUSTITUCIN PARCIAL DEL CEMENTO PORTLAND

MARCOS OLIVEIRA DE PAULACivil Engineer, M.Sc., Dept. of Agricultural Engineering,University Federal of Viosa,modepvicosa.ufv.!r

ILDA DE FTIMA FERREIRA TINCOAgricultural Engineer, Ad"unct #rofessor, Dept. of Agricultural Engineering,University Federal of

Viosa, iftinocoufv.!r

CONRADO DE SOUZA RODRIGUESCivil Engineer, #rofessor CEFE$%M&,'elo (ori)onte%M&,crodriguescivil.cefetmg.!r

JAIRO ALEXANDER OSORIO SARAZAgricultural Engineer, #rofessor Dept. of Agricultural EngineeringUniversity *ational% Medell+n,aosoriounal.edu.co

Received !" "evie# A$%$&' (')* +,,* .cce/'ed M."c) 01')* +,,1* i2.3 ve"&i!2 M."c)* +,')* +,,1

ABSTRACT: This investigation is focused on the evaluation of the effects of the partialreplacement of Portland cement by sugar cane bagasse ash (CBC) in mortars. The main

objective wasto find a suitable destination for an agricultural residue generated in anincreasing amount in Brail! as the use of CBC as a mineral admi"ture in mortars andconcretes! contributes to decrease the environmental impact of these materials related tocement production. #"perimental techni$ues were applied both for the CBC characteriationand for the evaluation of its use as a mineral admi"ture in mortars! based on mechanicaland physical tests. The results from tests with mortars indicated the viability of the partialsubstitution of cement by up to %&' of the CBC considered.

4E56ORDS7 solid waste management! building materials! sugar cane bagasse! Portlandcement! sustainable development

RESUMEN7 #sta investigacin se centra en la evaluacin de los efectos de la sustitucinparcial del cemento Portland por cenias de bagao de caa de a*car (CBC) en morteros. #lobjetivo principal fue encontrar un uso adecuado para este residuo agr+cola $ue es generadoen una cantidad cada ve mayor en Brasil! ya $ue el uso de CBC como un mineral mecladoen morteros y concretos! contribuye a disminuir el impacto ambiental de estos materialesrelacionados con la produccin de cemento. T,cnicas e"perimentales fueron aplicadas tantopara la caracteriacin del CBC! como para la evaluacin de su uso como una mecla deminerales en los morteros! basados en pruebas f+sicas y mec-nicas. os resultados de laspruebas con morteros indicaron la viabilidad de la sustitucin parcial del cemento por CBC!hasta en un %&'.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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PALABRAS CLAVE: /anejo de residuos slidos! materiales de construccin! bagao decaa de a*car! cemento Prtland! desarrollo sostenible.

08 INTRODUCTION

0nitiatives are emerging worldwide to control and regulate the management of subproducts!residuals! and industrial waste in order to preserve the environment from the point of viewof environmental contamination as well as the preservation and care of natural areas 1223.

4 good solution for the problem of recycling agroindustrial residues would be to burn themin a controlled environment! and use the ashes for more noble means 153. The use ofresidues such as biomass in the co6generation of electric energy is an interesting point!since when it is burned! the C7% that is let out into the atmosphere returns to the carboncycle of the biosphere! able to be absorbed by plants in the process of photosynthesis 12%3.

0t is observed that a wide variety of residues are being used in the construction industry asmineral additives such as sugarcane bagasse ash 183! sugarcane chaff ash! swine waste ashand ash from swine bedding with a base of rice shells 193.

Beyond the economic and environmental aspects! one cannot overloo the technicaladvantages that come from the incorporation of mineral additives to cement. ;ariousresearches indicate benefits of reology! on the mechanical properties! and on the durabilitycommensurated by the employment of mineral additives in mortar and concrete 1or this reason! rigorous studies of the

aspects related to the characteriation! evaluation! and use of the residues is so important12&3. Thus variations in temperature and duration of burn! sie of the particles! composition(chemical! morphological and mineralogical! and cristalinity among others)? result in ash ofcompletely different chemical constituents! which influences the way in which the materialbehaves lie poolan when mi"ed with the cement 1@3.

0n view of this! the aim of this research was to evaluate the potential of sugarcane bagasseash as a partial substitution material of Portland cement.

+8 METHODOLOG5

The e"periment was conducted in the Aepartment of 4gricultural #ngineering at the >ederalniversity of ;iosa! in ;iosa Dtate of /inas Eerais Brail. The wor was divided into twophases:

P).&e 0The CBC was obtained from sugarcane bagasse (BC)! from the sina Fatiboca (rucGnia!City Dtate of /inas Eerais). The BC was collected and burned for 5 hours at 5&&HC using a


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stove. 4fter the burn! a layer of light colored ash was observed on the surface and then anash of blac color and heterogeneous composition was observed! consisting of leftovers ofthe sugarcane bagasse that was not burned as well as charcoal particles! maing anotherburn necessary for the homogeniation of the sample. The second burn of CBC lasted for Ihours at 8&&HC. 4fter this reburn! the CBC was cooled naturally determining the C level ofthe ash using a ball mill for the grinding. Di" samples of ash were collected and dried in theoven for %J hours at 8&HC. The chemical characteriation of the CBC was made using testsfrom an K6ray fluorescence spectroscopy and K6ray diffraction. The physical characteriation

was made using tests of granulometric distribution and specific surface area using igure %! where the intensity of the phases! in countings a second (CPD) is given infunction of the angle of diffraction! %$.
http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S0012-73532010000300005&script=sci_arttext#fig01http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S0012-73532010000300005&script=sci_arttext#fig02http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S0012-73532010000300005&script=sci_arttext#fig01http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S0012-73532010000300005&script=sci_arttext#fig02


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Fi%$"e +84nalysis of K6Lay diffraction of CBC

4nalying to >igure %! a halo can be observed between %$ N &5 and 2@H and another onebetween %J and J&H! which characteries the amorphous phase. The peas (%$ N %2H and%$ N %8H) indicate that the structure of CBD presents the crystalline phases of silica!cristobalite (C) and $uart (O)! as well as muscovite crystals (/). The presence of Di7%inthe $uart phase could have occured because of the following factors 1@3:

a) Contamination of the bagasse by sand once it was cleared off the patio of the industry. 0nthis case! the presence of $uart can be avoided by washing the bagasse or with a layout inan appropriate place? or with.b) inade$uate burn time? The parameters can be ade$uate (from an empirical standpoint)when a predominantly amorphous ash is obtained.

The results found for the granulometric composition and surface area show that the ashbeing studied is composed by particles with sie between 2 and 2Jmm and with surfacearea of the order of %Jm%g.

The additions of 2&'! %&'! and I&' of CBC did not either speed up or slow down theinitial set time! which was e"pected! being that the poolanic reaction occurs in a moreadvanced stage of the hydration of cement (between 8 and 29 days after the mi"ture).Thus! the set time would not detect an influence in the poolanic activity. 0t was observedthat the material does not interfere with the setting (which could occur in materials withhigh level of carbon). The additions of 2&'! %&'! and I&' of CBC had delays of 2&minutes in the time period between the set times. This delay is due to the reduction of theproportion of cement in the combinations. The tests of the compressive strength of themortar were conducted according to reference 1%3 of the 4BQT QBL 8%29 (2


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Fi%$"e 98Lesistance to compression at 8 and %@ days in mortar with different

concentrations of cement and sugarcane bagasse ash: 2&&6&(C2)!


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The results found for the indices of poolanic activity (04P) ( Table 2).

The activity of CBC! since all the combinations resulted with 04P values greater than theminimum value of 89' established by QBL 989% (2


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Fi%$"e (. Dpecific mass in mortar at %@ days made with different concentrations of cement

and sugarcane bagasse ash

0t was observed that for both the absorption of water by immersion and the inde" ofemptiness! the graphs resulted in a growing function! where it was concluded that themortar with the greatest proportions of ash tended to be more porous! which justifies thegreater values of absorption.

4ccording to reference 1J3! this fact can be settled controlling the watercement factor ofeach of the studied combinations. Rith respect to specific mass! it was observed that therewas a small increase with the addition of CBC (&.9'). The partial substitution of Portlantcement for up to I&' of ash in the mi"ture does. not bring about any significantmodification to the values of specific mass.

;8 CONCLUSION

Based on the conducted e"periment and according to the results obtained! it can beconcluded that: The sugarcane bagasse used presented a yield of sugarcane bagasse ash(CBC) of 2&' with a proportion of @J' Di7% and 9' carbon? the silica in CBC is presentboth in the amorphous phase as well as the crystalline phases of Cristobalite and Ouart?the ash that was studied is composed of particles with sies between 2 and 2Jmm and witha surface area of the order of %Jm%g? the additions of 2&'! %&'! and I&' of CBC resultedin a delay of 2& minutes in the time period between the set times? the inde"es of poolanic

activity prove the poolanicity of CBC? the mortar with the greatest proportions of ashtended to be more porous! which justifies the greater values of absorption found? the partialsubstitution of Portland cement by up to I&' of ash in the mi"ture did not bring about anysignificant modification in the specific mass of the mortar? the mortar with proportions ofCBC in substitution with cement between & and I&'! at 8 and %@ days! indicate thepossibility to substitute up to %&' of cement by CBC without hurting its resistance? theaddition of I&' of cement by CBC is viable! as long as a resistance of the material e$ual tothat found in the test specimens of 2&&' cement is not demanded? and it is important tohighlight that the obtained results are specific for the sugarcane bagasse ash obtained.


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Aifferent burn procedures can be employed to obtain ash without crystalline phases. Thatbeing said! a pre6treatment of the sugarcane bagasse would prevent possible contaminationby $uart.

ederal niversity of ;iosa! especially to the Aepartment of 4gricultural and#nvironmental #ngineering. To >4P#/0E for financing the project and to C4P#D for awarding

the /asterMs studies scholarship.

REFERENCES

=0>4DD7C04S7 BL4D0#0L4 A# Q7L/4D TUCQ0C4D. QBL 989%: /ateriais poolGnicos 6 AeterminaVo deatividade poolGnica com cimento Portland 6 Wndice de atividade poolGnica com cimento. Lio de Faneiro! 2D4B0L! B. B.! R0A! D.! B40! F.! %&&2! ^/etaaolin and calcined clays as poolans for concrete: a review^!Cement and Concrete Lesearch! v. %I! n. %! pp. JJ26J9J. 1 ins3=0,>D4;4DT4Q7 FL.! =.! R4LA#Q! P.E.! C7TTD! L.D.P. Potential of alternative fibre cement as building materialsfor developing areas. Cement [ Concrete Composites! v.%9! n.5! p.9@969D4;4DT4Q7 FL.! R4LA#Q! P.E. Dpecial theme issue: Qatural fibre reinforced cement composites. Cement [Concrete Composites! v.%9! n.9! p.92865%J! %&&I. 1 ins3=0+>\CC7! ris odir. #studo da viabilidade de fabricaVo de placas de compsitos _ base de cimento e cascade arro. 22@ p. AissertaVo (/estrado em #ngenharia 4gr+cola) 6 >aculdade de #ngenharia 4gr+cola! niversidade#stadual de Campinas! DVo Paulo! 2

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Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as a Partial-portland-cement-replacement Material