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Surge Free Systems?
New Opportunities in Monitoring and Analysing Pressure Surges
Dr Ivan StoianovImperial College London, InfraSense [email protected]/infrasense
InfraSense Lab
InfraSense Lab: Smart Water Systems• £2.4 million Current Research Budget• 6 PhD students• 2 RA• 9 MSc/MEng students/per annum
fflReservoir
By-pass with check valve
fflSurge (Air) Vessel
Tank(level switch)
AV chamber(air-release vacuum
valve)
Feed tank
Connections / Branched topologyConnections /
Looped topology
Distribution Networks
Pump
Gravity trunk mains
Pumping trunk mains
Pumping
trunk mains
DMA
Surges in Water Supply Systems?
Ageing Infrastructure
Poorly Understood Dynamic Hydraulic Conditions
Pressure Surges:
• Should We Worry? Monitor? Analyse? To what extent?
Surge Modelling: Bursts & Failures of Surge Protection
Design
Pump Optimization
36” main failureHammersmith, July, 2006
Burst prevention
Surge protection
Surge protection (air valves)
Pressure Transients: Other Applications
IC‐DAS v2 & Aquaprobe
Impact on
disinfectant residual, turbidity
and colour.
? Contaminant Intrusion
? Unsteady Friction
Detection of Bursts &
Malfunctioning Surge Protection
© 2012 Ivan Stoianov
Surge Modelling and Analysis: Challenges
Modelling Approaches Developed in the 1990sReasonable Results in Simple Topology Systems
Challenges:• Surges: Sources, Amplitude, Frequency• Impact on Fatigue Fracture and Pipe Failure Mechanisms• Verification (Certification) of the Design and Operation of Surge
Protection Devices• Modelling Surges in Systems with Complex Topology• Impact of Pressure and Flow Modulation on Hydraulic Instabilities• Impact of Surges on Discoloration and Chlorine Decay • Safe Implementation of Pump Optimization
Lack of Long-Term High-Frequency Time-Synchronised Dataand Management Tools
Monitoring & Capturing Surges
InfraSense LP:
128S/s, up to 4 simultaneous channels
Continuous sampling for ~ 4 months
5ms time synchronization
Operation since 2010, a rolling programme over four years
200+ installations including DMAs and Trunk Mains
30 billion samples collected
27/01 00:00:00 30/01 00:00:00 02/02 00:00:00 05/02 00:00:00 08/02 00:00:00 11/02 00:00:003
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
Time (UTC)
Pre
ssur
e (b
ar)
DAIRYCRESTEAST (G26A)
F
RE
SH
WA
TE
R42
FR
ES
HW
AT
ER
42W
HA
LEB
ON
ELA
NE
WH
ALE
BO
NE
LAN
EW
HA
LEB
ON
ELA
NE
ER
IC19
ER
IC19
MinMaxAvg
Min/Max/Average 14 DAYS ‐ 15min time intervals (SR 128S/s)
DETAIL
~73m
~35m
04/02 03:47:31 04/02 03:49:32 04/02 03:51:33 04/02 03:53:34 04/02 03:55:35 04/02 03:57:34
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
Time (UTC)
Pre
ssur
e (b
ar)
MinMaxAvg
Dynamic Hydraulic Conditions SR 128S/s
120s
~73m
~55m
~41m
04/02 03:43:55 04/02 03:44:10 04/02 03:44:26 04/02 03:44:41 04/02 03:44:57 04/02 03:45:124
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
Time (UTC)
Pre
ssur
e (b
ar)
Dynamic Hydraulic Conditions SR 128S/s
~74m
~40m
~16s
26/02 21:36:00 27/02 02:24:00 27/02 07:12:00 27/02 12:00:00 27/02 16:48:00 27/02 21:36:006
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
Time (UTC)
Pre
ssur
e (b
ar)
ME01.2 (DUMMY34B)
MinMaxAvg
Dynamic Hydraulic Conditions SR 128S/s
~87m
~63m
24 hours
25/02 04:55:12 25/02 04:56:12 25/02 04:57:12 25/02 04:58:13 25/02 04:59:13 25/02 05:00:142
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11S0a6 (G0a7)
Time (UTC)
Pre
ssur
e (b
ar)
Dynamic Hydraulic Conditions SR 128S/s
~110m
~25m
Temporal VariabilityRandom response
~180s
Hydraulic Transients in Complex Topology SystemsTransmission Mains
Impact of: • Topology• Demand• Skeletonization
Modelling AccuracyValidation of surge analysis/design
Who do you trust?Who pays for poor surge design?
Case Study: 60” steel main
21/05 00:00:00 24/05 14:24:00 28/05 04:48:00 31/05 19:12:00 04/06 09:36:00 08/06 00:00:000
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Time (UTC)
Pres
sure
(mH
2O)
( )
MinMaxAvg
Hydraulic Transients in Complex Topology Systems
15/08 09:07:12 15/08 09:27:21 15/08 09:47:31 15/08 10:07:40 15/08 10:27:50 15/08 10:48:0060
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Time (UTC)
Pre
ssur
e (m
H2O
)Purtons AAV Woodford green (BW)
MinMaxAvg
Hydraulic Transients in Complex Topology Systems
~150m
~65m
~15minutes
22/05 15:10:04 22/05 15:14:06 22/05 15:18:08 22/05 15:22:10 22/05 15:26:12 22/05 15:30:1470
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
Time (UTC)
Pre
ssur
e (m
H2O
)Purton AV (BW)
MinMaxAvg
Hydraulic Transients in Complex Topology Systems
~165m
~70m
~15minutes
14/08 15:28:48 14/08 15:36:00 14/08 15:43:12 14/08 15:50:24 14/08 15:57:36 14/08 16:04:4860
80
100
120
140
160
180
Time (UTC)
Pre
ssur
e (m
H2O
)
S001 (G002)
MinMaxAvg
~178m
~65m
~15minutes
Conclusions
Surges DO Frequently Occur
New Opportunities in Monitoring and Analysing Pressure Surges
• Unique technology to monitor the occurrence of surges• Integration of state of art monitoring and modelling tools• Gain confidence in your modelling results
A Significant Factor in Pipe Failures (Fatigue Failure & Fatigue Corrosion)
Dr Ivan Stoianov ([email protected])