Swine Breeds PDF

8/10/2019 Swine Breeds PDF

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Breeds and Breeding


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Kingdom :Animalia Phylum :Chordata Class :Mammalia

Family :Suidae Order :Artiodactyla Suborder :Bunodontia

Genus : Sus European Wild boar: Sus scrofa Southe ast Asian specie: Sus vittatus


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VP = VG + VE + VGE

V = Variation P = Phenotype

G = Genotype E = Environment GE = Interaction between GE


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Types of hogs

Lard or pork type breeds of pigs that have pork and wide body

conformation

Bacon or meat type breeds of pigs with long and rounded body

with thin pork

Dual purpose breed breed which is derive mostly by breeding thefirs t two types


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BREED

is a group of animals that has specific traits orcharacteristics in common.

Mating within the breed produces progenythat mainta ins the same set of char acteristics.

They are genetically pure enough to ha vesimilar external characteristics of color andconformation.


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Basis of differentiating differentbreeds

Color : black, whit, brown, etc. Color combinations : spotted, belted, etc. Size of ears Position of ears : erect, hanging, hanging, etc. Length and shape of the snout

Body length

Weight at maturity Backline : straight, swaying, curved, etc.


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Native Pig


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Philippine Native PigThe Philippine native pig is generally small.Based on limited observations,

mat ure females-weigh about 30 - 40 kgs.boa rs weigh about 40 - 50 kgs.

The average height of a mature native pig

is about 55 cm.The body length is about 80 cm.Body width

measured at the shoulder area is about 16


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MEISHAN BREED Most common and popular breed in China is the Meishan pig which

comes from the region of lakes and valleys in China.

It is black in color with white extremities. It has large drooping ears and it is of the lard type. This breed is known for its prolificacy

Early sexual maturity (reaches puberty at 2.5 - 3 months of age) large litter size (15 - 16 piglets/litter). Its meat has a very good taste. They are also slow growing, resistant to some diseases, Fat (backfat thickness - 2.5 cm) able to consume large amounts of roughage. The dressing percentage is 66.8%.

Meishan pigs are considered to be one of the most prolific breeds inthe world.


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merican Landrace

The American Landrace is a white hog of longbody length, having sixteen or seventeen pairs ofribs. The arch of back is much less pronouncedthan on most other breeds of swine. For somehogs the back is almost flat. The head is long andrather narrow and the jowl is clean. The ears arelarge and heavy and are carried close to the face.There is an admirable meatiness about them onfoot and particularly on the rail .


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YORKSHIRE/LARGEWHITE

Yorkshires are the most popular breed inCanada. They are lean and growthy withgood feed conversion. The males are virileand aggressive breeders. The females arevery productive, with excellent milkingability, farrowing large litters of strongpiglets. Yorkshires are used very

successfully in crossbreeding programs toproduce excellent commercial females .


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DUROC The Duroc, a solid red, meat-type animal is noted

for their carcass characteristics and feedefficiency. The Duroc is also noted for large litters,

a characteristic retained even when used in acrossbreeding program. Durocs are commonly

used as a terminal sire in crossbreeding

programs as well as the third breed in rotationalbreeding programs


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PIETRAIN

The breed is of medium size and is white withblack spots . Around the black spots there arecharacteristic rings of light pigmentation that

carries white hair. This, coupled with the fact thatthe black hair is not as deeply pigmented as onblack breeds, or the black spots on some spottedbreeds, leaves them with less than the mostattractive coats. The breed is commonly referredto as being of piebald markings. The ears arecarried erect.


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Other Breeds


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Berkshire

This original Berkshire was a reddish or sandycolored hog, sometimes spotted. This wouldaccount for the sandy hair still sometimes seen in

the white areas of some modern Berkshires.Later this basic stock was refined with a cross ofSiamese and Chinese blood, bringing the col or

pattern we see today along with the quality ofmore efficient gains.


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HAMPSHIRE This meat-type, well muscled pig has been

developed to provide good carcass muscling andwhen used in a crossbreeding program there is

evidence of superior carcass quality in theoffspring. The mod ern Hampshire excels in

producing a l ean, meaty carcass.


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The Large Blacks were once very popularin Europe as a pastured pork producerthat would graze or clean up windfall fruitsin the orchards. Due to their size and

slower growth, they fell out of favor whenpork production moved indoors. The pigsare now in high demand by sustainablefarmers who once again raise pork onpasture for a market that is willing to pay apremium for superior tasting products .


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breed called the "Big China,"mostly white in color, but having

some black spots . They weregood feeders, matured early,were very prolific and produced

these characteristics in theiroffspring.

Spotted Poland China


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Synthetic Breeds

It is a result of a combination of the goodcharacteristic traits of superior genetic breeds.

Nieuw Dalland/TOPIGS Hypor Seghers Camborough JSR

Meat Master


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System of Breeding

BREEDING It is a systematic way of bringingtogether superior genotype to produce thedesired products .


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Outbreeding is that system where unrelatedindividuals are mated to produce the next

generation.

Inbreeding A system of mating whererelated individuals are mated together.

This system has been used by animal breeders in

the production of seed stockIn the development of the different breeds of

swine.


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Effects of inbreeding

Reduction in the strength and vigor of piglets Decrease in the number of pigs born and

weaned

Decrease in the weight of piglets at birth andweaning

Sexual maturity Effect on ovulation and spermatogenesis


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Outbreeding

Purebreeding Crossbreeding

2-Breed Cross3-Breed Cross4-Breed Cross

Triple Crossbreeding Up grading


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Purebreeding

A system of breeding wherein animals of thesame breed are mated to each other.

Resulting to the production of purebreeds. This is done to maintain the production supply

of the breed.

Example:L x L D x D LW x LWPi x Pi


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Crossbreeding

Breeding of two animals from different breeds. This is practiced to combine traits of different breeds. This is the system recommended for the production of

slaughter pigs.

important reasonsa) to obtain hybrid vigor or heterosis

b) to bring together the desirable characteristics of theparental breeds.


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Advantages/Benefits of Crossbreeding

a) increased vigor and growth rate of litters

b) larger litters

c) increased production efficiency to about 5%to 10%

d) increased disease resistance.


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Systems of Crossbreeding

Two-way cross - mating with the use of 2different breeds.

Example 1: LW x LR Example 2: P x Du


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Three-way cross - mating with the use of threedifferent breeds.

Example: FATHER MOTHER

LW x LR (1st cross)

Du x LWLR (2nd cross)

DuLWLR (progeny)


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Four-way cross - mating with the use of four

different breeds.

Example: FATHER MOTHER

P x Du LW x LR

Pdu x LWLR

PDuLWLR


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Advantages of raising crossbredslaughter pigs

Parental lines produce larger litters. They produce one more piglet at birth

compared with single breed.

Two more piglets can be weaned per litter. They have shorter growing period.

They have better FE (2.6) and require lowerfeed cost per kilogram liveweight gain. They have higher ADG (540 ~ 560g/day).

They produce better carcass or meat quality.


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hybrid pigs Dalland - is a result of a 4-way cross of Large white

(LW), Pietrain/Landrace (PLR), Daltrain (DT) andLarge white (LW).

FATHER MOTHERLW x PLR DT x LW (grandparents)

LWPLR x DTLW (parents)

LWPLRDTLW (Dalland) (fatteners)


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Babcock - is a result of the cross between

Duroc (Du), Hampshire (H), Landrace (LR) andLarge white (LW).

FATHER MOTHERDU x H LR x LW (grandparents)

DuH x LRLW (parents)

DuHLRLW (Babcock) (fatteners)


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Seghers

Hypor - is a result of the crosses betweenLandrace, Yorkshire + (ownbreeding lines).

Newsham - is a result of the crosses betweenPietrain, High Conformation Large white, Large

white, Duroc, Landrace and Meishan


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Upgrading.

It is a system of breeding wherein an inferiorbreed is improved by continued crossing.

It is commonly used among native breeds.

The native breeds are usually crossed withpure breeds of swine.


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Upgrading Example:

FATHER (Purebreed) MOTHER (Local breed)LW x A (native pig)

LW x LWA

LW x LWLWA

LWLWLWA


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Upgrades Kaman. The red Kaman was common in the

province of Batangas and was the result ofcrossing the native pig with Duroc Jersey.

Diani. The black Diani was the result ofcrossing the native pig found in the provinceof Batangas and the Berkshire.


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Berkjala pig

Mature boar-weighs 180 kgs.Sow, 120 kgs.

Berkjala has a 75% dressing percentage .


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Types of Mating

Natural mating where a boar mounts a sowand introduces his semen

Hand mating

Pen mating


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Artificial Insemination

It involves the collection of semen from aboar and then the introduction ofsemen into a sow or gilt at a later stage bymeans of a catheter.


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Component Technologies In AI

Boar Selection and Evaluation -not less than 750 g ADG(from 70-180 days old)-feed conversion efficiency of not more than 2.5-back fat thickness of not more than 2.5 cm at 90kg live weight

-semen production of 150- 350 mL-sperm concentration (not less than 250 mil cellsper mL)


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AI Package

Semen Collection


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Semen Evaluation

Semen Processing and Storage


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Estrus Detectionsemen on the snout testRiding on the back testhump pressure testTeaser Boar method

Procedure of Insemination

Breeding performance evaluat ion


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DAGHANG SALAMAT

SASUNOD

NA SAD


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HUMANA Sunod na sad

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Swine Breeds PDF