Syllabus and Marking Scheme for Fourth Semestergovtsciencecollegedurg.ac.in/Syllabus/93.pdf · Syllabus and Marking Scheme for Fourth Semester ... o Embryogenesis – development

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Syllabus and Marking Scheme for Fourth Semester

04 Theory papers - 320

04 Internal Assessment - 80

02 Practical - 200

Total Marks - 600

Note: 1. 20 marks = 01 credit in Theory Papers and 25 Marks = 01 Cred it in Practical/Pro ject work

Paper

No. Title of the Paper

Marks Allotted in Theory Marks Allotted in Internal

Assessment Credits

Max Min Max. Min.

I Plant reproduction & utilizat ion of

resources 80 16 20 04 05

II Plant ecology – II (pollution &

biodiversity conservation) 80 16 20 04 05

III Biotechnology and genetic

engineering of microbes 80 16 20 04 05

IV Microbial ecology {elective – II} 80 16 20 04 05

V

Lab Course I - based on paper I

and II

100 33 04

IV

Lab Course II - based on paper III

and IV

100 33 04

Total 520 80 28

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M.Sc. (BOTANY)

SEMESTER –IV th LAB COURSE

LAB COURSE-1 (4 Hrs) 100

Part – I Practical based on Plant reproduction & utilization of resources 30

Part – II Exercise based on Plant ecology – II 30

(pollution & biodiversity conservation)

Part – III Spotting 10

Part – IV Viva- Voce 10

Part – V Assignment/ Field study 10

Part – VI Sessional 10

LAB COURSE-2 (4 Hrs) 100

Part – I Exercise based on Biotechnology and genetic engineering of microbes 30

Part – II Exercise based on Microbial ecology {elective – II} 30

Part – III Spotting 10

Part – IV Viva- Voce 10

Part – V Assignment/ Field study 10

Part – VI Sessional 10

Name and Signatures

Chairperson /H.O.D: Dr. Ranjana Shrivastava

Subject Expert: Dr. Rupinder Diwan

Subject Expert: Dr. J.K. Tiwari

Subject Expert: Dr. N. B. Singh

Departmental members

1. Prof. L. K. Chelikswami

2. Prof. Smt. Gayatri Pandey

3. Dr. K. I. Toppo

4. Dr. G. S. Thakur

5. Dr. Shubha Gupta

3

Govt. V.Y.T.PG. Autonomous College Durg (C.G.)

LAB COURSE (6 Hrs) 100 Part – I Plant Reproduction 15

Part – II Plant Resource Utilization and Conservation 15

Part – III Exercise based on Biotechnology 15

Part – IV Exercise based on Microbial Ecology 15

Part – V Spotting 10

Part – VI Viva- Voce 10

Part- VII Sessional 10

Part- VII Field study 10

PROJECT(To be evaluated by External Examiner) 100

Name and Signatures








8. Dr. K. I. Toppo

9. Dr. G. S. Thakur

10. Dr. Shubha Gupta

4


SEMESTER – IV

M.Sc. – BOTANY

PAPER – I

PLANT REPRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES

M.M. 80

UNIT-I

Reproduction: Vegetative option, methods of propagation.

Pollination – pollination types self and cross, agents of pollination.

Pollen - pistil intgeraction and Self-incompatibility.

Fertilization: Double fertilization, Pollen germination, Pollen tube growth and guidance,

entry of pollen tube into ovule, embryo sac, fusion of gametes, X – bodies, polyspermy

and in-vitro fertilization.

UNIT-II

Male gametophyte : Structure of anther, microsporangium and microsporogenesis, Role

of tapetum. Development of male gametophyte. Pollen storage, Pollen allergy.

Female gametophyte : Ovule development; megasporangium, megasporogenesis,

Organization of embryo sac and Structure of mature embryo sac.

UNIT-III

Seed and Fruit development: o Endosperm – development and types of endosperm, Xenia and Metaxenia, Mosaic

and ruminate endosperm, function and morphological nature of endosperm.

o Embryogenesis – development of dicot and monocot embryo, nutrition of embryo.

o Polymbryony –types and significance of polyembryony.

o Apomixes – types and significance of apomixes.

o Dynamics of fruit growth and fruit maturation.

UNIT-IV

Utilization of resources:

o Plants Used As Avenue Trees: For Shade, Pollution control and aesthetics. {Alstonia scholaris, Azadirachta indica, Cassia fistula, Cassia siamia, Delonox regia, Ficus

bengnalensis, Pongamia glabra, Terminalia arjuna}). Innovation for meeting world food demands.

o General information about ethanobotanically important plants of Chhattisgarh.

o Medicinally and aromatic important plants of Chhattisgarh{Achyranthus aspera, Asperagus racemosus, Curculigo orchioides, Chlorophytum tuberosum,

Crysanthemum indicum, Cymbopogon citratus, Jatropha curcas, Lantana indica, Moringa oleifera, Rauvolfia serpentine, Aloe vera and Ocimum basilicum}.

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Laboratory Exercise

Study the structure of pollen grain {eg. Brasica, Hibiscus, Datura, Tridex, Thevesia,Ipomea, Solanum xanthocarpum}.

Study the different types of placentation (Axile, Basal, Marginal Pariental, Free central) {eg. Pea, Hibiscus, Brasica, Sunflower, Dianthus}.

Isolation of mature embryo from Dicot and Monocot seed {Maize and Gram}. Study the types of pollination in saliva and Vallisneria, Calotropis. Study of Endospermic and nonendospermic seeds.

Study of live or herbarium specimens or other visual materials to become familiar with these resources.

Botanical characters and their chief constituent of medicinal and aromatic plants. Survey of avenue trees (Local) {Identification, Size, Canopy shape, Status and their other

uses}.

Recommended Books Bhojwani, S.S. and Bhatnagar, S.P. 2000.The Embryology of Angiosperm. 4th Ed.vikas

Pub. House. N. Delhi. Shivanna, K.R. and Johri, B.M. 1985.The Angiosperm Pollen: Structure and Function.

Wieley Eastern Ltd. New York. Maheshwari P.An introduction to the Embryology of Angiosperm.Tata Mc. Graw Hill

Pub. Company LTD. New Delhi. Dawara, G.P. and Sharma S.K., Introductory Embryology, Jaiprakash nath and

Company, Meerut.

Singh, Pandey and Jain, Structure and Development of Angiosperm, Rastogi Pub Proctor. And Yeo, P. 1973. The Pollination of Flowers, William Collins, London.

Raghavan V. 1997. Molecular Embryology of Flowering Plants. Cambridge University, Press, Cambridge.

Medicinal Plants S. C. Joshi.

The spirit of beautiful trees Raju.

Name and Signatures








3. Dr. K. I. Toppo

4. Dr. G. S. Thakur

5. Dr. Shubha Gupta

6


SEMESTER – IV

M.Sc. – BOTANY

PAPER – II

PLANT ECOLOGY – II (POLLUTION & BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION)

M.M. 80

UNIT-I

Climate, soil and vegetation patterns of the India: o Climate of India.

o Life zones, major biomes – terrestrial and aquatic biomes, major vegetation types – forest and grassland vegetation

o Soil types of the India – laterite, black cotton, red, alluvial, alkali, peaty, dessert and

scanty soil, barren land.

UNIT-II

Pollution, climate change and ecosystems:

o Air, water and soil Pollution: - kinds, sources, quality parameters, effects on plants and ecosystem.

o Green house gases (Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, Chloro fluorocarbons: sources, trends and role).

o Ozone layer, ozone hole, consequences of climate change, (global warming, sea level

rise, UV radiation)

UNIT-III

Biological diversity:

o Concepts and levels, status in India, Utilization and concerns, role of biodiversity in ecosystem functions and stability,

o Speciation and extinction, IUCN categories of threat, distribution and global patterns, terrestrial biodiversity, hot spots, inventory.

o World centers of primary diversity of domesticated plants: The Indo Burmese center,

plant introductions and secondary centers.

UNIT-IV

Conservation stratagies:

o Principles of conservation, extinctions, environmental status of plants based on International Union for Conservation of Nature.

o In situ conservation, International efforts and Indian initiatives, protected areas in India - sanctuaries national parks, biosphere reserves, Wetlands, Mangroves and coral reefs for conservation of wild biodiversity.

o Ex situ conservation: Principles and practices, botanical gardens, fie ld, general account of the activities of Botanical Survey of India (BSI), National Bureau of Plant

Genetic Resources (NBPGR), Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for conservation and non formal conservation efforts.

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Laboratory Exercise

To determine soil moisture content, porosity and bulk density of soil collected from

varying depths at different locations.

To determine the water holding capacity of soils collected from different locations.

To determine percent organic carbon and organic matter in the soils of cropland,

grassland and forest.

To estimate rate of carbon dioxide evolution from different soils using soda lime or alkali

absorption method.

To estimate the dissolved oxygen content in eutrophic and oligotraphic water samples by

azide modification method.

To estimate chlorophyll content in sulphur dioxide fumigated and unfumigated plant

leaves.

Field survey of a part of town or city to make the students aware of the diversity of plants in urban ecosystems.

Scientific Visit

A protected area, A wetland, A Mangrove. NBPGR, BSI, CSIR & ICAR, Recognized Botanical Gardens and Museum.

Recommended books :

Magurran, A.E. 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement, Chapman and Hall. London.

APHA-AWWA-WPCF Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water,

American public health association, Washington, D.C. Moore, P.W. and Chapman, S.B. 1986. Methods in plant Ecology, Blackwell scientific

publications. Treshow, M. 1985. Air pollution and plant life, Wiley interscience. Mason C.F. 1991. Biology of fresh water pollution, Longman.

Hill, M.K. 1997. Understanding Environmental pollution, Cambridge university press. Kothari, A. 1997. Understanding Biodiversity : Life sustainability and Equity, Orient

Longman.. Paroda, R.S. and Arora R.K. 1991. Plant resources conservation and management,

IPGRIP usa campus, New Delhi.

Heywood, V.H. and Watson, R.T. 1995. Global biodiversity assessment, Cambridge University press, Cambridge, U.K.

Name and Signatures


Subject Expert: Dr. Rupindar Diwan





2. Prof. Smt . Gayatri Pandey

3. Dr. K. I. Toppo

4. Dr. G. S. Thakur

5. Dr. Shubha Gupta

8


SEMESTER – IV

M.Sc. – BOTANY

PAPER – III

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING OF MICROBES

M.M. – 80

UNIT – I

Recombinant DNA technology:

o Gene cloning - principles and techniques, cloning and expression vectors, chimeric DNA,

o molecular probe, techniques used in molecular probing, applications,

o Construction of genomic / cDNA libraries, o DNA synthesis and sequencing.

o Polymerase chain reaction, o DNA fingerprinting.

UNIT – II

Genomics and proteomics: Genetic and physical mapping of genes. o Molecular markers for introgression of useful traits, application.

o Artificial chromosomes, o Genome projects, o Bioinformatics,

o Functional genomics, o Protein profiling and its significance.

UNIT – III

Microbial genetic manipulation: Bacterial transformation, introduction of the recombinant DNA into a suitable host, selection of recombinants and transformants.

Multiplication Expression and Integration of the DNA insert in host genome.

UNIT – IV

Genetic improvement of industrial microbes and nitrogen fixers.

Enzyme technology.

Use of microbes in industry and agriculture.

Intellectual property rights.

Possible ecological risks and ethical concerns.

Cryopreservation and germplasm storage.

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Laboratory Exercise

To study the effect of antibiotics on growth of microorganism. Restriction of digestion of microbial DNA, its seperation by Agrose gel electrophoresis

and visualization by ethidium bromide staining. Separation of RNA by Agarose gel electrophoresis and visualization by Et. Br. staining. Determination of Km value of beta-fructofuranidase from yeast.

Estimation of DNA

Recommended Books

Biotechnological innovations in chemical synthesis, BOITOL Pub.,Butterworth. Industrial Microbiology, G. Reed (Editor), CBS Publishers, New Delhi.

Industrial Biotechnology, S.N. Jogdand, Himalaya Pub. House, Delhi. Elements of Biotechnology, P.K. Gupta, Rastogi Pub. Meerut 2003.

Biotechnology B.D. Singh, Kalyani Pub. New Delhi 2005. A text book of Biotechnology, R.C. Dubey, S.Chand Pub. New Delhi

Name and Signatures








3. Dr. K. I. Toppo

4. Dr. G. S. Thakur

5. Dr. Shubha Gupta

10


SEMESTER – IV

M.Sc. – BOTANY

PAPER-IV {Elective - II}

MICROBIAL ECOLOGY

M.M. – 80

UNIT - I

[Water Microbiology]

Types of water: Atmospheric water, Surface water; Stored water (sedimentation,

interaction of other microbes, light rays, temperature, food supply), Ground Water.

Water microorganisms, Marine microbiology (estuaries, mangroves, deep sea,

hydrothermal vent, saltpans, coral reefs), Fresh water microbiology (ponds, lakes, streams).

Microbial analysis of water: Sanitary test for coliforms. Purification of water: Sedimentation, Filtration, Disinfection.

UNIT – II

[Air Microbiology]

General introduction to air microflora, droplet nuclei, bioaerosol,

Indoor and outdoor aeromicrobiology : aeromicroflora of pharmacy, aeromicroflora of hospitals and other houses, aeromicroflora of storage materials (library, wall

paintings);

Aeroallergens and aero allergy ; House dust allergens; Pollen grains; Cosmetics;

Assessment of air quality – Air sampling devices and equipments (impaction, liquid impingement, filtration, electrostatic precipitation and gravity sampling).

Phylloplanemicroflora, Phylloplane pathogens (morphological characters, physiological characters; nutrition. Radiation. pH, temprature), microbial interaction

on leaf surfaces.

UNIT – III

[Environmental Microbiology]

Waste as a resource: Organic compost (definition, process of composting, factors affecting composting, microorganisms, soil and organic matter, role of compost).

Biogas production: solubilization, acetogenesis and methanogenesis, mechanism of methane formation.

Sewage (wastewater) treatment: Sewage microorganisms, BOD and COD, Small-scale sewage treatment (Cesspools, septic tanks), large-scale sewage treatment

(primary, secondary).

Biodegradation: microbial degradation of petroleum & xenobiotics, common process

of insecticidal metabolism (hydrolytic process, reductive and oxidation).

Biodeterioration of materials (cellulose, food stuffs, paints, rubbers, plastics, fuels, lubricants, metals, stone, cosmetics, toiletries structures). Microbial plastics.

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UNIT - IV

[Plant Diseases - Pathogen and symptoms]

o Bacterial disease {Citrus canker, Bacterial blight of rice,Scab of potato, Angular

leaf spot of cotton, Leaf spot of mango} o Viral diseases {Leaf curl of papaya, Mosaic of bhindi, Mosiac of Tobacco,

Bunchy top ofbanana} o Fungal diseases (Downy mildew of peas and Crucifers, Powdery mildews of

Sisam, rusts diseases of Wheat and Gram, smuts diseases of Wheat and Barly,

wilt diseases of Arhar}.

[Medical Microbiology- Pathogen and symptoms]:

o Bacterial disease: {Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia,Meningitis} o Viral disease: {Small pox, Chicken pox, Measles, Mumps, Influenza};

o Fungal disease: {Aspergillosis, Blastomycosis, Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis, Histoplasmosis}.

Laboratory Exercise

Water analysis by SPC method.

Coliform test for water quality.

Isolation of aquatic fungi by baiting technique.

Isolation of aeromicroflora by slide exposure method.

Isolation of aeromicroflora by petriplate exposure method.

Isolation of Phylloplanemicrofloraby serial dilution method or Impression method.

Physical analysis of sewage/industrial effluent by measuring Total Solids, Total

DissolvedSolids and Total Suspended Solids.

Determination of indices of pollution by measuring BOD/COD of different effluents.

Isolation of hydrocarbon degradingmicroorganisms.

Identify and comments upon the plant diseases as per prescribed syllabus

{Bacterial/Viral/Fungal}.

Recommended Books

Dubey, R.C. and D.K., Maheshwari, A Text Bookof Microbiology. Sharma, P.D., Microbiology and Plant Pathology.

Pelczar M. and Chan, Microbiology. Johri, R.M. and Snehlata, AText Book of Microbiology.

Aneja, K.R., Experiments in Microbiology, Plant pathology and Biotechnology. Atlas, Microbial Ecology

Name and Signatures



Subject Expert: Dr. J.K. T iwari





3. Dr. K. I. Toppo

4. Dr. G. S. Thakur

5. Dr. Shubha Gupta

12

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS

1. The candidate has to obtain minimum 20% marks in each theory paper and internal assessment

separately.

2. The candidate has to secure minimum 36% marks as an aggregate in order to pass that semester

examination.

3. The internal assessment shall include class test, home assignment and seminar presentation.

4. a. In internal assessment, the marks taken into consideration will be the average of two tests (i.e.

the class test and the home assignment) for each paper and shall of 20 marks.

b. The seminar shall be in lieu of class test and home assignment combined and shall be of 20

marks.

c. There shall be one seminar in each semester. Paper I will be dedicated to seminar in first

semester, similarly paper II to second semester, paper III to third semester and paper IV to fourth

semester respectively for the purpose of Internal assessment.

The marking of seminar shall be in terms of hard copy submission (10 marks) and presentation

and open discussion (10 marks).

5. The grading system shall be implemented from the session 2015-2016 onwards for the students

admitted in the first semester of all PG programs.

DIRECTIVES FOR STUDENTS, FACULTY AND EXAMINERS

1. There shall be three sections (Section A, B, and C) in each theory paper.

2. Section A shall contain very short answer type questions (One or two line answer) or

objective type questions (fill in the blank). (not multiple choice questions)

3. Section B shall contain short answer type questions with the limit of 250 words.

4. Section C shall contain long answer/ descriptive type questions. The students are required to

answer precisely and the answer should not exceed the limit of 450 words.

5. The students are required to study the content mentioned in the curriculum exhaustively.

Name and Signatures








3. Dr. K. I. Toppo

4. Dr. G. S. Thakur

5. Dr. Shubha Gupta

13

EVALUATION PATTERN

Theory 80 marks = 04 Credits

1. Very short answer type questions – Altogether 10 questions will be set from the entire syllabus, and

shall be compulsory. (02X10 =20)

OR

Reference to context for literature students – Altogether 08 passages from the text prescribed for

detailed study. (05X04 = 20)

2. Short answer type question – Altogether 08 questions to be set i. e. two from each unit with the

internal choice. The candidates are required to solve one from each unit. (05X04 = 20)

3. Long answer type question – Altogether 08 questions to be set i. e. two from each unit with the

internal choice. The candidates are required to solve one from each unit. (10X04 = 40)

Internal Assessment 20 marks = 01 credit

Unit test – One class test in each theory paper comprising 20 marks. ( containing two short

answer type questions of 05 marks each and 05 objective type questions of 10 marks)

Home assignments – Two long answer type questions from each theory paper containing 10

marks each. The answer should be prepared with the help of standard reference books. (The

titles of those books, authors, year of publication and publishers details should be mentioned

in an appropriate way, at the end of each assignment).

Seminar presentations (Power point) – Comprising 20 marks.

Paper I will be completely dedicated to seminar in first semester, similarly paper II to second

semester, paper III to third semester and paper IV to fourth semester respectively for the purpose of

Internal Assessment. The marking of seminar shall be in terms of hard copy submission (10 marks)

and presentation and open discussion (10 marks).

Practical/Field Survey of 100 marks = 04 credits

Practical 200 marks = 08 credits

Two practical’s of 100 marks each

Field Work / Project work ( in lieu of theory papers) 200 marks = 08 credits

CREDIT ALLOTMENTS

Theory Paper = 05 credits (04+01)

Practical = 04/ 08 credits

Field work / Project and viva (in lieu of two theory papers) = 08 credits

Name and Signatures

14








3. Dr. K. I. Toppo

4. Dr. G. S. Thakur

5. Dr. Shubha Gupta

TOTAL CREDITS/ SEMESTER

Science Subjects with 04 theory papers (100 each) and one /two practical ( 100 each) – 20 +

08 = 28 credits

Science Subjects with 05 theory papers (no practical-Maths) – 25 credits

Arts Subjects with 04 theory papers – 20 credits

Arts Subjects with 05 theory papers – 25 credits

Commerce subject with 05 theory papers – 25 credits

TOTAL CREDITS / PROGRAMME

16 Theory + 08 Practical + Project work – 80 + 32 + 08 = 120 credits

20 Theory – 100 credits (Maths)

20 Theory – 100 credits (Arts and Commerce)

16 Theory – 80 credits (Arts)

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Syllabus and Marking Scheme for Fourth Semestergovtsciencecollegedurg.ac.in/Syllabus/93.pdf · Syllabus and Marking Scheme for Fourth Semester ... o Embryogenesis – development