21
M.Sc. Programme Sl. No. Name of Centre Sub. Code & Sub. Code (Number) Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination 1 School of Computational and Integrative Sciences (SC&IS) Computational and Integrative Sciences- CISM (232) MSc (Computational and Integrative Sciences) The Examination for admission will contain five subjects, specified in two tracks: The use of the word “Track” in this document is solely for the purpose of grouping disciplines for the purpose of admission to various programs. All programs are interdisciplinary, and students after registration may choose to work in areas independent of their prior training based on their aptitude and interest. Track 1: Physics/Chemistry/Maths/Engineering (including Computer) Sciences Track 2: Life Sciences & Biotechnology The examination will be in two parts: Part A (common) and Part B (specific to the discipline). For PART-A, each correct answer will fetch 1 marks and for each wrong answer there will be a deduction of 0.25 marks. For PART-B, each correct answer will fetch 2 marks and for each wrong answer there will be a deduction of 0.5 marks. PART-A: will contain 20 basic questions in Mathematics and analytical skills set at the 10+2 level. Only those candidates who score above 50% in Part A will be eligible for admission. PART-B: There will be 30 (thirty) subject-specific questions in each subject of the two tracks, i.e. [Track 1] i) Physics ii) Chemistry iii) Mathematics (iv) Engineering/Computer Sciences [Track 2] (v) Biology. Candidates are required to attempt any ONE subject only. Candidates will be separately shortlisted in each track. Questions will be of B.Sc/B.Tech level as per the syllabus specified below Syllabus for Disciplines [Track 1] Physics Paper will be OBJECTIVE type

Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    3

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

M.Sc. Programme

Sl. No. Name of Centre Sub. Code & Sub.

Code

(Number)

Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination

1 School of

Computational and

Integrative

Sciences (SC&IS)

Computational and

Integrative Sciences-

CISM (232)

MSc (Computational and Integrative Sciences)

The Examination for admission will contain five subjects, specified in two tracks:

The use of the word “Track” in this document is solely for the purpose of grouping disciplines for the purpose of admission to various programs. All programs are interdisciplinary, and students after registration may choose to work in areas independent of their prior training based on their aptitude and interest.

Track 1: Physics/Chemistry/Maths/Engineering (including Computer) Sciences

Track 2: Life Sciences & Biotechnology

The examination will be in two parts: Part A (common) and Part B (specific to the discipline). For PART-A, each correct answer will fetch 1 marks and for

each wrong answer there will be a deduction of 0.25 marks. For PART-B, each correct answer will fetch 2 marks and for each wrong answer there will be a

deduction of 0.5 marks.

PART-A: will contain 20 basic questions in Mathematics and analytical skills set at the 10+2 level. Only those candidates who score above 50% in Part A

will be eligible for admission.

PART-B: There will be 30 (thirty) subject-specific questions in each subject of the two tracks, i.e.

[Track 1] i) Physics ii) Chemistry iii) Mathematics (iv) Engineering/Computer Sciences

[Track 2] (v) Biology.

Candidates are required to attempt any ONE subject only. Candidates will be separately shortlisted in each track. Questions will be of B.Sc/B.Tech level as per the syllabus specified

below

Syllabus for Disciplines

[Track 1]

Physics

Paper will be

OBJECTIVE type

Page 2: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

Mathematical Physics: Linear vector space; matrices; vector calculus; linear differential equations; Fourier analysis.

Classical Mechanics: Conservation laws; central forces, Kepler problem and planetary motion; mechanics of system of particles; rigid body dynamics;

moment of inertia tensor; special theory of relativity – Lorentz transformations, mass-energy equivalence.

Electromagnetic Theory: Solution of electrostatic and magnetostatic problems including boundary value problems; dielectrics and conductors; Biot-

Savart’s and Ampere’s laws; Faraday’s law; Maxwell’s equations; scalar and vector potentials; Electromagnetic waves and their reflection, refraction,

interference. Poynting vector, Poynting theorem.

Quantum Mechanics: Physical basis of quantum mechanics; uncertainty principle; Schrodinger equation; one, two and three dimensional potential

problems -- particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, hydrogen atom.

Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics: Laws of thermodynamics; macrostates and microstates; phase space; free energy, calculation of

thermodynamic quantities; black body radiation and Planck’s distribution law; classical statistics.

Atomic and Molecular Physics: Spectra of one- and many-electron atoms; LS and jj coupling; Zeeman and Stark effects; X-ray spectra; lasers.

Chemistry

General topics at the B.Sc. level. Specific focus will be on the following topics:

(1) Properties of gases,

(2) Thermodynamics (1st law, 2nd law, chemical equilibrium etc.),

(3) chemical bonding

(4) molecular structure.

Mathematics

General topics at the B.Sc. level. Specific focus will be on the following topics:

Linear Algebra: Vector spaces, Sub spaces, linearly dependent & linearly independent vectors, Basis, Dimension, linear transformation, Matrix

representation of a linear transformation, Rank & Nullity theorem. Finite dimensional vector spaces, Existence theorem for basis, Quotient space and its

dimension. Rank of a matrix, Eigen values & Eigen vectors.

Abstract Algebra: Divisibility in the set of integers, congruence’s, Groups, Sub groups, Permutation groups, Cyclic groups, Lagrange's theorem and its

consequences, Normal subgroups, Quotient groups, Group homomorphism, Kernel of a homomorphism, Fundamental theorem of homomorphism of groups,

Group isomorphism, Cayley’s theorem.

Page 3: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

Differential Calculus

Vector Calculus

Numerical Analysis

Mechanics

Mathematical Methods

Real Analysis

Optimization: Introduction to Linear Programming. Problem formulations. Linear independence and dependence of vectors. Convex sets. Extreme points.

Hyperplanes and Half spaces. Directions o f a convex set. Convex cones. Polyhedral sets and cones. Theory of Simplex Method. Simplex Algorithm.

Assignment and Transportation.

Discrete Mathematics: Relations: types, algebraic and geometric interpretations, ordered relations, Hesse diagrams. Recurrence relations: creating functions,

the Fibonacci numbers, the ``floor” and “ceiling” operations. Methods of theorem proving. Boolean algebra. Partially ordered sets, Lattices, Complete

lattices, Distributive lattices, Complements, Boolean Algebra, Boolean expressions, Application to switching circuits, Permutations and Combinations,

Pigeon-hole principle, Principle of inclusion and exclusion.

[Track 2]

Life Sciences/Biotechnology and Bioinformatics

Part A will contain 20 questions related to basic analytical skills of Mathematics and Statistics set at the School level. All other questions will be set at

the BSc level. Special focus will be on the following topics

Cell Biology,

Animal & Plant Biotechnology;

Basic Molecular Biology and recombinant DNA technology;

DNA replication, repair and recombination;

Concept of the gene; transcription; translation;

PCR;

DNA sequencing;

Gene regulation;

Page 4: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

Biomolecules;

Principles of Genetics;

Microbiology;

Metabolism and enzymes

Basic Biotechniques

Basics of Bioinformatics and sequence analysis;

Sequence Alignment and Clustering Algorithms;

Phylogenetics;

Genome databases;

Engineering (including Computer) Sciences

Only the following topics will be considered for the entrance examination:

Basic Circuit Theory and Network Analysis

Basic Circuit Concepts: Voltage and Current Sources, Resistors: Fixed and Variable resistors, Construction and Characteristics, Color coding of

resistors, resistors in series and parallel.

Inductors: Self and mutual inductance, Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law of electromagnetic induction, Energy stored in an inductor, Inductance in series

and parallel

Capacitors: Principles of capacitance, Parallel plate capacitor, Permittivity, Definition of Dielectric Constant, Dielectric strength, Energy stored in a

capacitor, Air, Paper, Mica, Teflon, Ceramic, Plastic and Electrolytic capacitor, capacitors in series and parallel, factors governing the value of capacitors

Circuit Analysis: Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL), Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL), Node Analysis, Mesh Analysis, Star-Delta Conversion

Network Theorems: Principal of Duality, Superposition Theorem, Thevenin’s Theorem, Norton’s Theorem, Reciprocity Theorem, Millman’s Theorem,

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.

Two Port Networks: Impedance (Z) Parameters, Admittance (Y) Parameters, Transmission (ABCD) Parameters

Semiconductor Devices

Semiconductor Basics: Introduction to Semiconductor Materials, Crystal Structure, Planes and Miller Indices, Energy Band in Solids, Concept of

Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration at Normal Equilibrium in Intrinsic Semiconductors, Derivation of Fermi Level for Intrinsic &

Extrinsic Semiconductors, Donors, Acceptors, Dependence of Fermi Level on Temperature and Doping Concentration, Temperature Dependence of

Carrier Concentrations.

Carrier Transport Phenomena: Carrier Drift, Mobility, Resistivity, Hall Effect, Diffusion Process, Einstein Relation, Current Density Equation, Carrier

Injection, Generation And Recombination Processes, Continuity Equation

P-N Junction Diode: Formation of Depletion Layer, Space Charge at a JunctionZener

and Avalanche Junction Breakdown Mechanism.Tunnel diode, varactor diode, solar cell: circuit symbol, characteristics, applications

Power Devices: UJT, Basic construction and working, Equivalent circuit, intrinsic Standoff Ratio, Characteristics and relaxation oscillator-expression.

Page 5: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

SCR, Construction,Working and Characteristics, Triac, Diac, IGBT, MESFET, Circuit symbols, Basic constructional features, Operation and Applications

Digital Electronics

Number System and Codes: Decimal, Binary, Hexadecimal and Octal number systems, base conversions,Binary, octal and hexadecimal arithmetic

(addition, subtraction by complement method, multiplication), representation of signed and unsigned numbers, Binary Coded Decimal code.

Logic Gates and Boolean algebra: Introduction to Boolean Algebra and Boolean operators, Truth Tables of OR, AND, NOT, Basic postulates and

fundamental theorems of Boolean algebra, Truth tables, construction and symbolic representation of XOR, XNOR, Universal (NOR and NAND) gates.

Digital Logic families: Fan-in, Fan out, Noise Margin, Power Dissipation, Figure of merit, Speed power product, TTL and CMOS families and their

comparison

Computer Science :

Fundamental Concepts in C:Functions, Arrays and Pointers, Structure, Union, Enumeration and Files.Introduction to OOP and C++:Classes, objects,

constructors and destructors, Operator overloading and Inheritance.

Introduction to Data structures: Linked List, Stack, and Queue, Trees, graphs.

Database System Concepts and Architecture:Data Modeling Using the Entity-Relationship (ER) Model.

Operating Systems:Fundamental Concepts, System Structures, Managing the System, Windows and Linux.

Computer Networks:Introduction to Networks standards & Model, Topologies, Communication Media and Network Transport Systems, High Speed

Network Transport and Devices for Network Connectivity,

Introduction to Internet: Domain Name System (DNS); Name Servers, Electronic Mail - Architecture and Services, User Agent, Message Formats,

Simple Male Transfer Protocol (SMTP), POP3; FTP, TELNET, World Wide Web and Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, Network Management.

Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis: Scalars and Vectors, Vector Algebra, Rectangular (Cartesian) Coordinate System, Vector Components and Unit Vector, Vector Field,

Products, Cylindrical Coordinates, Spherical Coordinates, Differential Length, Area and Volume, Line Surface and Volume integrals, Del Operator,

Gradient of a Scalar, Divergence and Curl of a Vector, the Laplacian.

Electrostatic Fields: Coulomb’s Law and Electric Field, Field due to Discrete and Continuous Charge Distributions, Electric Flux Density, Gauss’s Law

and Applications, Divergence Theorem and Maxwell’s First Equation. Electric Potential, Potential due to a Charge and Charge distribution, Electric

dipole. Electric Fields in Conductors, Current and Current Density, Continuity of Current, Metallic Conductor Properties and Boundary Conditions,

Method of Images. Dielectric materials, Polarization, Dielectric Constant, Isotropic and Anisotropic dielectrics, Boundary conditions, Capacitance and

Capacitors. Electrostatic Energy and Forces

Magnetostatics: BiotSavert’s law and Applications, Magnetic dipole, Ampere’s Circuital Law, Curl and Stoke’s Theorem, Maxwell’s Equation, Magnetic

Flux and Magnetic Flux Density, Scalar and Vector Magnetic Potentials. Magnetization in Materials and Permeability, Anisotropic materials, Magnetic

Boundary Conditions, Inductors and Inductances, Magnetic Energy, Magnetic Circuits. Inductances and Inductors, Magnetic Energy, Forces and

Torques

Electronic communication:

Block diagram of an electronic communication system, electromagnetic spectrum-band designations and applications, need for modulation, concept of

Page 6: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

channels and base-band signals. Concept of Noise, Types of Noise, Signal to noise ratio, Noise Figure, Noise Temperature, Friss formula.

Pulse Analog Modulation: Channel capacity, Sampling theorem, PAM, PDM, PPM

modulation and detection techniques, Multiplexing, TDM and FDM.

Pulse Code Modulation: Need for digital transmission, Quantizing, Uniform and Nonuniform

Quantization, Quantization Noise, Companding, Coding, Decoding, Regeneration

Block diagram of digital transmission and reception, Information capacity, Bit Rate, Baud Rate and M-ary coding.

Optical Communication: Introduction of Optical Fiber, Types of Fiber, Guidance in Optical

Fiber, Attenuation and Dispersion in Fiber, Optical Sources and Detectors, Block Diagram of

optical communication system, optical power budgeting

Satellite communication: Introduction, need, satellite orbits, advantages and disadvantages

of geostationary satellites. Satellite visibility, satellite system – space segment, block

diagrams of satellite sub systems, up link, down link, cross link, transponders (C- Band)

Local area networks (LAN): Primary characteristics of Ethernet-mobile IP, OSI model,

wireless LAN requirements-concept of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and WiMAX.

Page 7: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

Post-Graduate Diploma in Big Data Analytics (PGDE)

Sl. No. Name of Centre Sub. Code & Sub. Code

Number

Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination

1 School of

Computational and

Integrative Sciences

(SC&IS)

Post-Graduate

Diploma in Big Data

Analytics – PGDE

(184)

The Examination for admission will contain seven subjects, specified in three tracks:

The use of the word “Track” in this document is solely for the purpose of grouping disciplines for the purpose of admission to various programs. All programs are interdisciplinary, and students after registration may choose to work in areas independent of their prior training based on their aptitude and interest.

[Track One]: (I) Physics, (ii) Chemistry, (iii) Mathematics

[Track Two]: (iv) Life Sciences/Biotechnology, (v) Bioinformatics

[Track Three] (vi) Engineering Sciences, (vii) Information Technology and Computer Science

Each Track has a separate Part A (common to the track) and Part B (specific to the discipline). The written examination will contain at least 50%

marks allotted to “Research Methodology”

All questions would be of the multiple choice type. The question paper will contain seven separate sections corresponding to different disciplines, grouped into three tracks as below

PART A: This will have 30 questions each of one mark to test the candidate’s knowledge of basic concepts in the discipline. All questions are to be answered. Each correct answer will be awarded one mark.

PART B There will be 40 subject specific questions in each of the sections, out of which candidates are expected to answer at least 25. Each correct answer will be awarded two marks subject to a maximum mark of 50.

Research Methodology

Introduction to Research: Importance, study of literature, defining research problem, hypothesis formulation, experimental design;

Data Collection and Measurement: Methods and techniques, probability and probability distributions, sampling and sampling designs;

Data Analysis: Testing of hypothesis, statistical tests and analysis, data interpretation, multivariate analysis, model building, forecasting

methods;

Paper will be

OBJECTIVE type.

Page 8: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

Report writing and Presentation: Ethics in research, Plagiarism, substance of reports, formats, referencing, oral presentation skills;

General practices followed in Research – literature and data management, Safety practices in the laboratory, Intellectual property rights (IPR)

The above topics are common to all the disciplines listed below. Please note that in addition to the above topics, each discipline will have subject

specific questions related to research methodology

Physics

Questions will be set at the M.Sc. Level. Special Focus will be on the following topics

Mathematical Physics: Linear vector space; matrices; vector calculus; linear differential equations; elements of complex analysis; Laplace

transforms, Fourier analysis, elementary ideas about tensors.

Classical Mechanics: Conservation laws; central forces, Kepler problem and planetary motion; collisions and scattering in laboratory and centre

of mass frames; mechanics of system of particles; rigid body dynamics; moment of inertia tensor; noninertial frames and pseudo forces;

variational principle; Lagrange’s and Hamilton’s formalisms; equation of motion, cyclic coordinates, Poisson bracket; periodic motion, small

oscillations, normal modes; special theory of relativity – Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics, mass-energy equivalence.

Electromagnetic Theory: Solution of electrostatic and magnetostatic problems including boundary value problems; dielectrics and conductors;

Biot-Savart’s and Ampere’s laws; Faraday’s law; Maxwell’s equations; scalar and vector potentials; Coulomb and Lorentz gauges; Electromagnetic

waves and their reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction and polarization. Poynting vector, Poynting theorem, energy and momentum of

electromagnetic waves; radiation from a moving charge.

Quantum Mechanics: Physical basis of quantum mechanics; uncertainty principle; Schrodinger equation; one, two and three dimensional

potential problems; particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, hydrogen atom; linear vectors and operators in Hilbert space; angular momentum and

spin; addition of angular momenta; time independent perturbation theory; elementary scattering theory.

Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics: Laws of thermodynamics; macrostates and microstates; phase space; probability ensembles;

partition function, free energy, calculation of thermodynamic quantities; classical and quantum statistics; degenerate Fermi gas; black body

radiation and Planck’s distribution law; Bose-Einstein condensation; first and second order phase transitions, critical point.

Atomic and Molecular Physics: Spectra of one- and many-electron atoms; LS and jj coupling; hyperfine structure; Zeeman and Stark effects;

electric dipole transitions and selection rules; X-ray spectra; rotational and vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules; electronic transition in

diatomic molecules, Franck-Condon principle; Raman effect; NMR and ESR; lasers.

Chemistry

Questions will be set at the M.Sc. level. Special focus will be on the following topics

Page 9: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

Properties of gases,

Thermodynamics (1st law, 2nd law, chemical equilibrium etc.),

chemical bonding ,

Atomic and molecular structure,

kinetic theory,

basic quantum mechanics,

basic statistical mechanics,

spectroscopy

Oxidation states and oxidation number

Acids and bases

Stereochemistry

Chemical kinetics

Electrochemistry

General organic chemistry

Mathematics

Questions will be set at the M.Sc. level. Special focus will be on the following topics

Hydrodynamics

Advanced Differential Equations

Special Function

Linear Algebra: Vector spaces, Sub spaces, linearly dependent & linearly independent vectors, Basis, Dimension, linear transformation, Matrix

representation of a linear transformation, Rank & Nullity theorem. Finite dimensional vector spaces, Existence theorem for basis, Quotient space and its

dimension. Rank of a matrix, Eigen values & Eigen vectors. Change of basis, Canonical forms, Diagonal forms, Triangular forms, Jordan forms,

Quadratic forms, reduction and classification of quadratic forms, Orthogonal transformations, Unitary transformations, Positive semi definite matrices,

Semi definite matrices.

Operational Research and Networking: Introduction to Linear Programming. Problem formulations. Linear independence and dependence of vectors.

Convex sets. Extreme points. Hyperplanes and Half spaces. Directions of a convex set. Convex cones. Polyhedral sets and cones. Theory of Simplex

Method. Simplex Algorithm. Degeneracy. Bounded variable problem. Revised Simplex method. Duality theory. Dual-simplex method. Parametric linear

programming. Sensitivity analysis, Transportation problem. Assignment problem.

Page 10: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

Graph Theory and Petri nets: Selected topics in a graph theory: basic definitions and notions, characterization of trees, vector vacuum of a graph,

planarity of graphs, Hamiltonian and Eulerian cycles. Edge – and vertex colourings of graphs: chromatic number, chromatic index, map colour theorem,

four – colour problem. Independence theory in combinatory. Directed digraphs. Flow networks. Applications. Petri nets and their types.

Probability and Statistics: Measures of central tendency and dispersion, Skewness and kurtosis, Probability, Conditional probability, Theorem of total

probabilities, Bayes theorem, Random variables, Probability mass and density functions, Mathematical expectation and its properties, Moment

generating functions, Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Exponential and Normal distributions and their properties, Method of least squares, Correlation and

regression.

Life Sciences and Biotechnology

Part A will contain additional questions to test elementary analytical and computer programming skills.

All other questions will be set at the M.Sc. level. Special focus will be on the following topics

DNA replication, repair and recombination; Chromatin Structure; Concept of gene; polyploidy; RNA synthesis and processing; Alternative

Splicing; Protein synthesis and processing; gene expression; gene expression; prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene regulation

Recombinant DNA technology; Gene Cloning, Vectors and Restriction enzymes; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Quantitative and semi-quantitative

Reverse transcriptase PCR; DNA sequencing technologies; Next generation sequencing; genome sequencing and annotation methods; gene

ontology

Genome Structure and Organization; repetitive content; Sequence similarity/Alignment and Clustering methods/Algorithms; phylogenetics;

research methodology; Basic Programming skills/Bioinformatics; Methods and Algorithms for biological data analysis; Database resources and

tools/methods for functional and comparative genomic studies

Basic concepts of development; plant growth and development; plant reproduction; plant hormones; stress physiology and response;

Metabolism and pathways

Microbial, animal and plant genetics; Molecular markers; DNA polymorphisms and their applications; transgenic animals and plants; plant tissue

culture and biotechnology; epigenetics-DNA methylation and histone modifications

Basic Biotechniques; Gel electrophoresis, Blotting, Hybridization, Gene cloning, PCR, Restriction digestion, Immunoprecipitation,

chromatography, microarray etc.

Bioinformatics

Page 11: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

Part A will contain additional questions to test elementary analytical and computer programming skills.

All other questions will be set at the M.Sc. Level. Special Focus will be on the following topics.

Sequence alignments algorithms : Scoring matrices and scoring functions – pairwise alignment local and Global

Multiple sequence alignment: Algorithms and Application

Database search using BLAST. The BLAST algorithm. BLAST scoring and statistics. Application and parsing BLAST reports.

Statistics and search methods for Sequence patterns, profiles, motifs etc – MEME, Weight matrix, Profile, sequence Logo.

Gene Identification problem : Codon usage, fourier and markov models

Overview of advanced concepts in sequence analysis: Information theory, machine learning and probabilistic modelling

Phylogenetic analysis: Concept of distance – Distance, parsimony and likelihood methods

Computational Genomics: Next Generation Sequencing- concept and methods; Genome sequencing and assembly; Read Alignment algorithms; Genome Annotation (structural and functional); protein and pathway mapping. Comparative Genomics. RNA sequencing; Methods for Abundance Estimation and Differential Expression Analysis.

Structural Bioinformatics and Cheminformatics: Resources for protein and chemical structures. Common tools for visualising protein structure. Methods for simulation of biomolecules. Docking and Virtual Screening. QSAR.

Engineering Sciences

Questions will be set at the B.Tech and M.Tech. level. Special focus will be on the following topics

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Networks, Signals and Systems

Network solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis; Network theorems: superposition, Thevenin and Norton’s, maximum power transfer;

Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors; Time domain analysis of simple linear circuits, Laplace transform, Linear 2‐port network

Page 12: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

parameters: driving point and transfer functions.

Continuous-time signals: Fourier series and Fourier transform representations, sampling theorem and applications; Discrete-time signals, Z-

transform, LTI systems: definition and properties, causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeros, parallel and cascade

structure.

Electronic Devices

Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic silicon; Carrier transport: diffusion current, drift current, mobility and resistivity; Generation and

recombination of carriers; Poisson and continuity equations; P-N junction, Zener diode, BJT, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, photo diode,

Integrated circuit fabrication process: oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation, photolithography.

Analog Circuits

BJTs and MOSFETs; Simple diode circuits: clipping, clamping and rectifiers; Single-stage BJT and MOSFET amplifiers: biasing, bias stability, BJT

and MOSFET amplifiers: multi-stage, differential, feedback, power and operational; Simple op-amp circuits; Active filters; Sinusoidal oscillators:

criterion for oscillation, single-transistor and opamp configurations; Function generators, wave-shaping circuits and 555 timers.

Digital Circuits

Number systems; Combinatorial circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization of functions using Boolean identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates,

arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders,

Sequential circuits: latches and flip‐flops, counters, shift‐registers, Data converters: sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs; Semiconductor

memories: ROM, SRAM, DRAM; 8-bit microprocessor (8085): architecture, programming, memory and I/O interfacing.

Communications

Analog communications: amplitude modulation and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation, spectra of AM and FM, superheterodyne

receivers, Information theory: entropy, mutual information and channel capacity theorem

; Digital communications: PCM, DPCM, digital modulation schemes, amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying (ASK, PSK, FSK), QAM,

calculation of bandwidth, SNR and BER for digital modulation; Fundamentals of error correction, Hamming codes; Timing and frequency

synchronization, inter-symbol interference and its mitigation; Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA.

Satellite communication: Introduction, need, satellite orbits, advantages and disadvantages

of geostationary satellites. Satellite visibility, satellite system – space segment, block

diagrams of satellite sub systems, up link, down link, cross link, transponders (C- Band)

Local area networks (LAN): Primary characteristics of Ethernet-mobile IP, OSI model,

wireless LAN requirements-concept of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and WiMAX.

Electromagnetics

Electrostatics; Maxwell’s equations: differential and integral forms and their interpretation, boundary conditions, wave equation, Poynting

vector; Plane waves and properties: reflection and refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation through various media, skin

depth; Transmission lines: equations, characteristic impedance, impedance matching, impedance transformation, S-parameters, Smith chart;

Waveguides: modes, boundary conditions, cut-off frequencies, dispersion relations; Antennas: antenna types, radiation pattern, gain and

directivity, return loss, antenna arrays; Basics of radar; Light propagation in optical fibers.

Microwave and Antennas

Page 13: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

Introduction & Wave Propagation Review of Maxwell’s equations, Integral and Point forms; Boundary conditions; Power flow and Poynting

vector; Propagation of uniform plane waves, Wave equation; Polarization. Scalar and Vector Potential functions, Retarded Potentials;

Radiation phenomenon and equation, Basic antenna parameters: radiation resistance, Gain, directivity, Effective length, Radiation

pattern;Radiation from short current element, Radiation from small current loop, radiation from arbitrary current distribution, half wave dipole

antenna;Antenna impedance, Monopole antenna, Baluns, Antenna array: Broadside array and end-fire arrays, long wire antenna;Few antenna

types: Folded dipole, Loop antenna, Yagi-Uda Antenna; Wave propagation, Travelling waves, Lossless and Lossy transmission lines, pulse

propagation;Principle, construction and working of Microwave solid state devices:

Transferred Electron devices: Gunn Diode (Gunn Effect), IMPATT diode, PIN diode

Attenuators, Terminators, Directional couplers; Hybrid Circuits

Computer Sciences

Questions will be set at the B.Tech/M.Tech Level. Special Focus will be on the following topics

Computer Organization and Architecture

Machine instructions and addressing modes. ALU, data‐path and control unit. Instruction pipelining. Memory hierarchy: cache, main memory and

secondary storage; I/O interface (interrupt and DMA mode).

Programming and Data Structures

Programming in C. Recursion. Arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, binary search trees, binary heaps, graphs.

Algorithms

Searching, sorting, hashing. Asymptotic worst case time and space complexity. Algorithm design techniques: greedy, dynamic programming and divide‐and‐conquer. Graph search, minimum spanning trees, shortest paths.

Theory of Computation

Regular expressions and finite automata. Context-free grammars and push-down automata. Regular and contex-free languages, pumping lemma. Turing machines and undecidability.

Compiler Design

Lexical analysis, parsing, syntax-directed translation. Runtime environments. Intermediate code generation.

Operating System

Processes, threads, inter‐process communication, concurrency and synchronization. Deadlock. CPU scheduling. Memory management and virtual memory. File systems.

Databases

Page 14: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

ER‐model. Relational model: relational algebra, tuple calculus, SQL. Integrity constraints, normal forms. File organization, indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees). Transactions and concurrency control.

Computer Networks

Concept of layering. LAN technologies (Ethernet). Flow and error control techniques, switching. IPv4/IPv6, routers and routing algorithms (distance vector, link state). TCP/UDP and sockets, congestion control. Application layer protocols (DNS, SMTP, POP, FTP, HTTP). Basics of Wi-Fi. Network security: authentication, basics of public key and private key cryptography, digital signatures and certificates, firewalls.

Page 15: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

Ph.D.

The entrance exam question paper would be prepared as per UGC Regulations 2016

Sl. No. Name of Centre Sub. Code & Sub. Code

Number

Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of

Examination

1 School of Computational

and Integrative Sciences

(SC&IS)

Computational Biology

and Bioinformatics-

CBBH (903)

The Examination for admission will contain seven subjects, specified in three tracks:

The use of the word “Track” in this document is solely for the purpose of grouping disciplines for the purpose of admission to various programs. All programs are interdisciplinary, and students after registration may choose to work in areas independent of their prior training based on their aptitude and interest.

[Track One]: (I) Physics, (ii) Chemistry, (iii) Mathematics

[Track Two]: (iv) Life Sciences/Biotechnology, (v) Bioinformatics

[Track Three] (vi) Engineering Sciences, (vii) Information Technology and Computer Science

Each Track has a separate Part A (common to the track) and Part B (specific to the discipline). The written examination will contain at least 50% marks

allotted to “Research Methodology”

All questions would be of the multiple choice type. The question paper will contain seven separate sections corresponding to different disciplines, grouped into three tracks as below

PART A: This will have 30 questions each of one mark to test the candidate’s knowledge of basic concepts in the discipline. All questions are to be answered. Each correct answer will be awarded one mark.

PART B There will be 40 subject specific questions in each of the sections, out of which candidates are expected to answer at least 25. Each correct answer will be awarded two marks subject to a maximum mark of 50.

Research Methodology

Introduction to Research: Importance, study of literature, defining research problem, hypothesis formulation, experimental design;

Data Collection and Measurement: Methods and techniques, probability and probability distributions, sampling and sampling designs;

Data Analysis: Testing of hypothesis, statistical tests and analysis, data interpretation, multivariate analysis, model building, forecasting methods;

Report writing and Presentation: Ethics in research, Plagiarism, substance of reports, formats, referencing, oral presentation skills;

Paper will be

OBJECTIVE

type.

Page 16: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

General practices followed in Research – literature and data management, Safety practices in the laboratory, Intellectual property rights (IPR)

The above topics are common to all the disciplines listed below. Please note that in addition to the above topics, each discipline will have subject specific

questions related to research methodology

Physics

Questions will be set at the M.Sc. Level. Special Focus will be on the following topics

Mathematical Physics: Linear vector space; matrices; vector calculus; linear differential equations; elements of complex analysis; Laplace transforms,

Fourier analysis, elementary ideas about tensors.

Classical Mechanics: Conservation laws; central forces, Kepler problem and planetary motion; collisions and scattering in laboratory and centre of

mass frames; mechanics of system of particles; rigid body dynamics; moment of inertia tensor; noninertial frames and pseudo forces; variational

principle; Lagrange’s and Hamilton’s formalisms; equation of motion, cyclic coordinates, Poisson bracket; periodic motion, small oscillations, normal

modes; special theory of relativity – Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics, mass-energy equivalence.

Electromagnetic Theory: Solution of electrostatic and magnetostatic problems including boundary value problems; dielectrics and conductors; Biot-

Savart’s and Ampere’s laws; Faraday’s law; Maxwell’s equations; scalar and vector potentials; Coulomb and Lorentz gauges; Electromagnetic waves and

their reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction and polarization. Poynting vector, Poynting theorem, energy and momentum of electromagnetic

waves; radiation from a moving charge.

Quantum Mechanics: Physical basis of quantum mechanics; uncertainty principle; Schrodinger equation; one, two and three dimensional potential

problems; particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, hydrogen atom; linear vectors and operators in Hilbert space; angular momentum and spin; addition of

angular momenta; time independent perturbation theory; elementary scattering theory.

Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics: Laws of thermodynamics; macrostates and microstates; phase space; probability ensembles; partition

function, free energy, calculation of thermodynamic quantities; classical and quantum statistics; degenerate Fermi gas; black body radiation and

Planck’s distribution law; Bose-Einstein condensation; first and second order phase transitions, critical point.

Atomic and Molecular Physics: Spectra of one- and many-electron atoms; LS and jj coupling; hyperfine structure; Zeeman and Stark effects; electric

dipole transitions and selection rules; X-ray spectra; rotational and vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules; electronic transition in diatomic

molecules, Franck-Condon principle; Raman effect; NMR and ESR; lasers.

Chemistry

Questions will be set at the M.Sc. level. Special focus will be on the following topics

Properties of gases,

Thermodynamics (1st law, 2nd law, chemical equilibrium etc.),

Page 17: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

chemical bonding ,

Atomic and molecular structure,

kinetic theory,

basic quantum mechanics,

basic statistical mechanics,

spectroscopy

Oxidation states and oxidation number

Acids and bases

Stereochemistry

Chemical kinetics

Electrochemistry

General organic chemistry

Mathematics

Questions will be set at the M.Sc. level. Special focus will be on the following topics

Hydrodynamics

Advanced Differential Equations

Special Function

Linear Algebra: Vector spaces, Sub spaces, linearly dependent & linearly independent vectors, Basis, Dimension, linear transformation, Matrix representation

of a linear transformation, Rank & Nullity theorem. Finite dimensional vector spaces, Existence theorem for basis, Quotient space and its dimension. Rank of a

matrix, Eigen values & Eigen vectors. Change of basis, Canonical forms, Diagonal forms, Triangular forms, Jordan forms, Quadratic forms, reduction and

classification of quadratic forms, Orthogonal transformations, Unitary transformations, Positive semi definite matrices, Semi definite matrices.

Operational Research and Networking: Introduction to Linear Programming. Problem formulations. Linear independence and dependence of vectors. Convex

sets. Extreme points. Hyperplanes and Half spaces. Directions of a convex set. Convex cones. Polyhedral sets and cones. Theory of Simplex Method. Simplex

Algorithm. Degeneracy. Bounded variable problem. Revised Simplex method. Duality theory. Dual-simplex method. Parametric linear programming. Sensitivity

analysis, Transportation problem. Assignment problem.

Graph Theory and Petri nets: Selected topics in a graph theory: basic definitions and notions, characterization of trees, vector vacuum of a graph, planarity of

graphs, Hamiltonian and Eulerian cycles. Edge – and vertex colourings of graphs: chromatic number, chromatic index, map colour theorem, four – colour

problem. Independence theory in combinatory. Directed digraphs. Flow networks. Applications. Petri nets and their types.

Probability and Statistics: Measures of central tendency and dispersion, Skewness and kurtosis, Probability, Conditional probability, Theorem of total

probabilities, Bayes theorem, Random variables, Probability mass and density functions, Mathematical expectation and its properties, Moment generating

functions, Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Exponential and Normal distributions and their properties, Method of least squares, Correlation and regression.

Page 18: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

Life Sciences and Biotechnology

Part A will contain additional questions to test elementary analytical and computer programming skills.

All other questions will be set at the M.Sc. level. Special focus will be on the following topics

DNA replication, repair and recombination; Chromatin Structure; Concept of gene; polyploidy; RNA synthesis and processing; Alternative Splicing;

Protein synthesis and processing; gene expression; prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene regulation

Recombinant DNA technology; Gene Cloning, Vectors and Restriction enzymes; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Quantitative and semi-quantitative Reverse

transcriptase PCR; DNA sequencing technologies; Next generation sequencing; genome sequencing and annotation methods; gene ontology

Genome Structure and Organization; repetitive content; Sequence similarity/Alignment and Clustering methods/Algorithms; phylogenetics; research

methodology; Basic Programming skills/Bioinformatics; Methods and Algorithms for biological data analysis; Database resources and tools/methods

for functional and comparative genomic studies

Basic concepts of development; plant growth and development; plant reproduction; plant hormones; stress physiology and response; Metabolism and

pathways

Microbial, animal and plant genetics; Molecular markers; DNA polymorphisms and their applications; transgenic animals and plants; plant tissue

culture and biotechnology; epigenetics-DNA methylation and histone modifications

Basic Biotechniques; Gel electrophoresis, Blotting, Hybridization, Gene cloning, PCR, Restriction digestion, Immunoprecipitation, chromatography,

microarray etc.

Bioinformatics

Part A will contain additional questions to test elementary analytical and computer programming skills.

All other questions will be set at the M.Sc. Level. Special Focus will be on the following topics.

Sequence alignments algorithms : Scoring matrices and scoring functions – pairwise alignment local and Global

Multiple sequence alignment: Algorithms and Application

Database search using BLAST. The BLAST algorithm. BLAST scoring and statistics. Application and parsing BLAST reports.

Statistics and search methods for Sequence patterns, profiles, motifs etc – MEME, Weight matrix, Profile, sequence Logo.

Gene Identification problem : Codon usage, fourier and markov models

Overview of advanced concepts in sequence analysis: Information theory, machine learning and probabilistic modelling

Page 19: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

Phylogenetic analysis: Concept of distance – Distance, parsimony and likelihood methods

Computational Genomics: Next Generation Sequencing- concept and methods; Genome sequencing and assembly; Read Alignment algorithms; Genome Annotation (structural and functional); protein and pathway mapping. Comparative Genomics. RNA sequencing; Methods for Abundance Estimation and Differential Expression Analysis.

Structural Bioinformatics and Cheminformatics: Resources for protein and chemical structures. Common tools for visualising protein structure. Methods for simulation of biomolecules. Docking and Virtual Screening. QSAR.

Engineering Sciences

Questions will be set at the B.Tech and M.Tech. level. Special focus will be on the following topics

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Networks, Signals and Systems

Network solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis; Network theorems: superposition, Thevenin and Norton’s, maximum power transfer; Steady state

sinusoidal analysis using phasors; Time domain analysis of simple linear circuits, Laplace transform, Linear 2‐port network parameters: driving point

and transfer functions.

Continuous-time signals: Fourier series and Fourier transform representations, sampling theorem and applications; Discrete-time signals, Z-transform,

LTI systems: definition and properties, causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeros, parallel and cascade structure.

Electronic Devices

Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic silicon; Carrier transport: diffusion current, drift current, mobility and resistivity; Generation and

recombination of carriers; Poisson and continuity equations; P-N junction, Zener diode, BJT, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, photo diode, Integrated

circuit fabrication process: oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation, photolithography.

Analog Circuits

BJTs and MOSFETs; Simple diode circuits: clipping, clamping and rectifiers; Single-stage BJT and MOSFET amplifiers: biasing, bias stability, BJT and

MOSFET amplifiers: multi-stage, differential, feedback, power and operational; Simple op-amp circuits; Active filters; Sinusoidal oscillators: criterion

for oscillation, single-transistor and opamp configurations; Function generators, wave-shaping circuits and 555 timers.

Digital Circuits

Number systems; Combinatorial circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization of functions using Boolean identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates, arithmetic

circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders,

Sequential circuits: latches and flip‐flops, counters, shift‐registers, Data converters: sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs; Semiconductor

memories: ROM, SRAM, DRAM; 8-bit microprocessor (8085): architecture, programming, memory and I/O interfacing.

Communications

Analog communications: amplitude modulation and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation, spectra of AM and FM, superheterodyne

Page 20: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

receivers, Information theory: entropy, mutual information and channel capacity theorem; Digital communications: PCM, DPCM, digital modulation

schemes, amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying (ASK, PSK, FSK), QAM, calculation of bandwidth, SNR and BER for digital modulation;

Fundamentals of error correction, Hamming codes; Timing and frequency synchronization, inter-symbol interference and its mitigation; Basics of

TDMA, FDMA and CDMA.

Satellite communication: Introduction, need, satellite orbits, advantages and disadvantages

of geostationary satellites. Satellite visibility, satellite system – space segment, block

diagrams of satellite sub systems, up link, down link, cross link, transponders (C- Band)

Local area networks (LAN): Primary characteristics of Ethernet-mobile IP, OSI model,

wireless LAN requirements-concept of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and WiMAX.

Electromagnetics

Electrostatics; Maxwell’s equations: differential and integral forms and their interpretation, boundary conditions, wave equation, Poynting vector;

Plane waves and properties: reflection and refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation through various media, skin depth;

Transmission lines: equations, characteristic impedance, impedance matching, impedance transformation, S-parameters, Smith chart; Waveguides:

modes, boundary conditions, cut-off frequencies, dispersion relations; Antennas: antenna types, radiation pattern, gain and directivity, return loss,

antenna arrays; Basics of radar; Light propagation in optical fibers.

Microwave and Antennas

Introduction & Wave Propagation Review of Maxwell’s equations, Integral and Point forms; Boundary conditions; Power flow and Poynting vector;

Propagation of uniform plane waves, Wave equation; Polarization. Scalar and Vector Potential functions, Retarded Potentials;

Radiation phenomenon and equation, Basic antenna parameters: radiation resistance, Gain, directivity, Effective length, Radiation pattern;Radiation

from short current element, Radiation from small current loop, radiation from arbitrary current distribution, half wave dipole antenna;Antenna

impedance, Monopole antenna, Baluns, Antenna array: Broadside array and end-fire arrays, long wire antenna;Few antenna types: Folded dipole, Loop

antenna, Yagi-Uda Antenna; Wave propagation, Travelling waves, Lossless and Lossy transmission lines, pulse propagation;Principle, construction and

working of Microwave solid state devices:

Transferred Electron devices: Gunn Diode (Gunn Effect), IMPATT diode, PIN diode

Attenuators, Terminators, Directional couplers; Hybrid Circuits

Computer Sciences

Questions will be set at the B.Tech/M.Tech Level. Special Focus will be on the following topics

Computer Organization and Architecture

Machine instructions and addressing modes. ALU, data‐path and control unit. Instruction pipelining. Memory hierarchy: cache, main memory and

secondary storage; I/O interface (interrupt and DMA mode).

Programming and Data Structures

Programming in C. Recursion. Arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, binary search trees, binary heaps, graphs.

Page 21: Syllabus for Entrance Examination Pattern of Examination …admissions.jnu.ac.in/Prospectus/JNUEE/SCIS 1.pdf · 2019-04-12 · Effective Mass, Density of States, Carrier Concentration

Algorithms

Searching, sorting, hashing. Asymptotic worst case time and space complexity. Algorithm design techniques: greedy, dynamic programming and divide‐and‐conquer. Graph search, minimum spanning trees, shortest paths.

Theory of Computation

Regular expressions and finite automata. Context-free grammars and push-down automata. Regular and contex-free languages, pumping lemma. Turing machines and undecidability.

Compiler Design

Lexical analysis, parsing, syntax-directed translation. Runtime environments. Intermediate code generation.

Operating System

Processes, threads, inter‐process communication, concurrency and synchronization. Deadlock. CPU scheduling. Memory management and virtual memory. File systems.

Databases

ER‐model. Relational model: relational algebra, tuple calculus, SQL. Integrity constraints, normal forms. File organization, indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees). Transactions and concurrency control.

Computer Networks

Concept of layering. LAN technologies (Ethernet). Flow and error control techniques, switching. IPv4/IPv6, routers and routing algorithms (distance vector, link state). TCP/UDP and sockets, congestion control. Application layer protocols (DNS, SMTP, POP, FTP, HTTP). Basics of Wi-Fi. Network security: authentication, basics of public key and private key cryptography, digital signatures and certificates, firewalls.