Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drives: Still a Niche …...Aug 28, 2019 · Background: Synchronous Reluctance Torque. Reluctance motors operate according to the principle of . magnetic

Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drives:Still a Niche Technology?Istanbul , August 28, 2019

gianmar io.pel legr ino@pol i to . i t

ACEMP OPTIM 2019, Istanbul - © 2019 Gianmario Pellegrino 1

Outline

◦ Introduction◦ Politecnico di Torino and the Power Electronics Innovation Center (PEIC)

◦ The Synchronous Reluctance Motor

◦ Background: history of the SyR motor technology◦ Where we Stand◦ Today’s Challenges◦ SyR-e: Synchronous Reluctance Evolution◦ Conclusion

2ACEMP OPTIM 2019, Istanbul - © 2019 Gianmario Pellegrino

Politecnico di Torino

Founded in 1859, as Technical School for Engineers Politecnico di Torino since 1906

Home to Galileo Ferraris, pioneer of electrical engineering. He was a professor here, and a Senator of the former Reign of Italy

35000 students, 700 PhD students

850 Faculty members, 890 Administrative Technical staff

Budget (2018): 250 M€(55% State, 12% student fees, 30% projects)

Tuition fee:1000 - 2000 € / year


Galileo Ferraris(1847 – 1897)

PEIC: The Power Electronics Innovation Center

Inter-Departmental Center dedicated to Power Electronics, from Si wafer to final applications, founded in 2017

20 faculty members, 2 technicians, 25 PhD students

Key lines of application: Transportation electrification, Energy, Industry

Capability of delivering TRL4 demonstrators, support to higher-TRL prototyping

Home to SLED 2019, September 9-10 2019 https://attend.ieee.org/sled-2019/


http://www.peic.polito.it/

https://attend.ieee.org/sled-2019/http://www.peic.polito.it/

The Synchronous Reluctance Motor Technology


Background: Synchronous Reluctance Torque

Reluctance motors operate according to the principle of magnetic reluctance ….The rotor consisting of air and iron has the least possible magnetic reluctance in one direction and the highest possible reluctance in the direction perpendicular to that. Because the system always moves toward the lowest magnetic reluctance, rotational movement results.

Source: “Dynamic Energy Efficiency”, in Advance 1/2015, April 2015, Siemens AG


Excitation oflow reluctance rotor axis

Excitation ofhigh reluctance rotor axis

Advantages of SyR Motors


Source: new.abb.com

1. Standard distributed-winding stator

2. Rotor simplicity

- no windings substantial loss reduction, ease of manufacturing

- no PMs cost reduction, no de-magnetization, no back-emf voltage when uncontrolled

- low moment of inertia Dynamic performance

Vs Asynchronous Motors:

- smaller frame size per continuous torque or higher efficiency

- faster speed dynamics

Vs PM Synchronous Motors:

- lower cost of production (no PM cost, ease of manufacturing)

- higher transient overload capability (no demag)



Source: new.abb.com


2. Rotor simplicity









- higher transient overload capability (no demag)



Source: new.abb.com


2. Rotor simplicity









- higher transient overload capability (no risk for demagnetization)

Control: Mandatory Aspects

MTPA Operation

The high efficiency at partial load is obtained viaMaximum Torque per Ampere operation

Sensorless Control (no encoder)

This keeps the variable speed SyR motor drivecost competitive respect to the asynchronouscounterpart (exception: servo applications;


Well Known Disadvantages

Low Power Factor and High Torque Ripple

- low PF

- high torque ripple

Need for precise Motor Commissioning (also said non standard control)

- respect of MTPA law

- stable Sensorless Control

High Speed Applications

- rotor ribs scale with 𝑛𝑛𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2

Low Speed Applications

- high number of poles harmed by increase of p.u. excitation current


Well Known Disadvantages


- low PF


Non-standard control, need for precise Motor Commissioning








We will discuss each point later on

History of the Synchronous Reluctance Motor Technology


1923: The Idea of Flux Barriers


Kostko, J.K., "Polyphase reaction synchronous motors,“American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Journal of the, 1923

1972: The Synduction Motor

First exemplar for both variable speed(constant V/f) or direct online application

Cast aluminium cage in the rotor, design optimized for best trade-off between a high pull-out torque (low 𝐿𝐿𝑞𝑞) and a low critical frequency of oscillation (high 𝐿𝐿𝑞𝑞)

Adoption limited to special applications, such as textile industry (multiple motors driven with the same converter, at same speed)


Honsinger, V.B., “Synchronous reluctance motor”, US3652885, 1972 (Allis Chalmers, Ohio)Honsinger, V. B., "Inherently Stable Reluctance Motors Having Improved Performance," in IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. PAS-91, no. 4, pp. 1544-1554, July 1972

1990s: Variable Speed Drives

With the advent of modern power electronics and vector control, the SyR Motor solution became widely studied and developed◦ flux barriers Vs axially laminated (ALA)◦ Motor design rules

◦ saliency maximization

◦ torque ripple minimization

◦ Vector control schemes◦ First sensorless control schemes


[*] Kolehmainen, J. (2010). Synchronous reluctance motor with form blocked rotor. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion[**] Vagati, A. (1998) "Synchronous reluctance electrical motor having a low torque-ripple design." U.S. Patent No. 5,818,140

[*] [**]

(ALA)

(Flux Barriers)

Technology Development Timeline


Source: Google Scholar

The Roaring Nineties



Milestones: 1991


1991

Lipo, T. A. "Synchronous reluctance machines - a viable alternative for ac drives?“ Electric Machines and Power Systems 19.6 (1991): 659-671Xu, L., Xu, X., Lipo, T. A., Novotny, D. W. (1991). “Vector control of a synchronous reluctance motor including saturation and iron loss”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 27(5), 977-985.

Milestones: 1992


1992 Vagati, A., Franceschini, G., Marongiu, I., & Troglia, G. P. (1992, October). “Design criteria of high performance synchronous reluctance motors”, In Conference Record of the 1992 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (pp. 66-73). IEEE.

Milestones: 1993


1993

Staton, D. A., Miller, T. J. E., & Wood, S. E. (1993, July). “Maximising the saliency ratio of the synchronous reluctance motor”, In IEE Proceedings B (Electric Power Applications) (Vol. 140, No. 4, pp. 249-259). IET Digital Library.Betz, R. E., Lagerquist, R., Jovanovic, M., Miller, T. J., & Middleton, R. H. (1993). “Control of synchronous reluctance machines”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 29(6), 1110-1122.

Milestones: 1994


1994

Matsuo, T., & Lipo, T. A. (1994). “Rotor design optimization of synchronous reluctance machine”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 9(2), 359-365.Lagerquist, R., Boldea, I., & Miller, T. J. (1994). “Sensorless-control of the synchronous reluctance motor”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 30(3), 673-682.Boldea, I., Fu, Z. X., & Nasar, S. A. (1994). “Performance evaluation of axially-laminated anisotropic (ALA) rotor reluctance synchronous motors”, IEEE transactions on industry applications, 30(4), 977-985.

Milestones:1996


1996 Kamper, M. J., Van der Merwe, F. S., & Williamson, S. (1996), “Direct finite element design optimisation of the cageless reluctance synchronous machine”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 11(3), 547-555.

Milestones: 1998


1998 Vagati, A., Pastorelli, M., Francheschini, G., & Petrache, S. C. (1998), “Design of low-torque-ripple synchronous reluctance motors”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 34(4), 758-765.

Milestones: 1999


1999

Ha, J. I., Kang, S. J., & Sul, S. K. (1999). Position-controlled synchronous reluctance motor without rotational transducer. IEEE transactions on Industry Applications, 35(6), 1393-1398.Consoli, A., Russo, F., Scarcella, G., & Testa, A. (1999). Low-and zero-speed sensorless control of synchronous reluctance motors. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 35(5), 1050-1057.

Milestones: 2000


2000 Vagati, A., Pastorelli, M., Scapino, F., & Franceschini, G. (2000). Impact of cross saturation in synchronous reluctance motors of the transverse-laminated type. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 36(4), 1039-1046.

Bottom Line

By 2000, the technology was ready, including motor design, vector control and sensorlesscontrol aspects

However, the interest on SyR motors did not ramp again until 2013 – 2014

Enabling opportunities:

- New regulations on electric motors effy

- Price volatility of rare-earth PMs


Bottom Line

By 2000, the technology was ready, including motor design, vector control and sensorlesscontrol aspects

However, the interest on SyR motors did not ramp again until 2013 – 2014

Enabling opportunities:

- New regulations on electric motors effy

- Price volatility of rare-earth metals


Improve the Efficiency


Note: efficiency classes IE2, IE3 defined according to IEC 60034-30 standard

Reduce the Rare-Earth Magnet Content


June 2011

Consequent Boom of the SyR Motor Technology


IE2 andrare-earth peak

IE3 compulsory


Source: new.abb.com

Main Players on the Market (2019)

ABBIE4 SynRM range - High output SynRM range (M3AL/M3BL), 5.5–315 kW, Frames: 132–315

SiemensSimotics GP – Simotics SD (VSD4000), IES2 (EN 50598), 0.55 – 48 kWFrames: 80 - 200

KSB: REEL SuPremE, IE4/IE5, 0.55 .. 450 kW

Oemer: QSR SincroSPE, IE4, 0.3 .. 500 kW

Bonfiglioli: BSR Series, IES2 (IEC 61800-9-2), 0.3 .. 18.5 kW

Regal Beloit (Genteq HERMETIC): 0.5 .. 150 kW

… probably incomplete



SyR motor technology: where we stand


Review of Known Disadvantages


- low PF










About the Low Power Factor


- low PF: related to the rotor ribs width


Pellegrino, G., Armando, E., Guglielmi, P., & Vagati, A. (2009), “A 250kW transverse-laminated Synchronous Reluctance motor”, In 2009 13th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications. IEEE.

𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜑𝜑𝑛𝑛 = 0.79 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜑𝜑𝑛𝑛 = 0.87

Torque Ripple


- low PF

- high torque ripple:• rules for minimization (e.g. 𝒏𝒏𝒓𝒓 = 𝒏𝒏𝒔𝒔 ± 𝟒𝟒) + skewing, same as Asynchronous Motor• Numeric optimization is widely adopted


Pellegrino, G., Cupertino, F., & Gerada, C. (2014), “Automatic design of synchronous reluctance motors focusing on barrier shape optimization”,IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 51(2), 1465-1474.


- low PF





Flux Maps

Motor Identification and Control


a) Experimental Flux Maps of ABB M3AL 90LA4, 1.1 kW SyR Motor; b) MTPA trajectory (red) and incremental saliency contours

Measured characteristics of 1.1 kW ABB SyR Motor (M3AL 90LA4)MTPA was off-line evaluated by flux maps manipulationIncremental saliency defines the area of feasibility of high-frequency

response based sensorless control


- low PF


Need for precise Motor Commissioning




- rotor ribs scale with 𝒏𝒏𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝟐𝟐 T and PF drop

High-speed Scalability


Ferrari, S.; Pellegrino, G.; Bonisoli, Elvio (2016) “Magnetic and structural co-design of synchronous reluctance electric machines in an open-source framework”, International Journal Of Mechanics And Control, Levrotto&Bella, pp. 8, 2016, Vol. 17, ISSN: 1590-8844

Torque reduction as the ribs size is increased to withstand a larger max speed

Low-speed Applications


- low PF


Need for precise Motor Commissioning






- high number of poles harmed by p.u. excitation currentp.u. airgap grows PM assistance adjusts the Power Factor


Boazzo, B., Vagati, A., Pellegrino, G., Armando, E., Guglielmi, P. (2014). Multipolar ferrite-assisted synchronous reluctance machines: A general design approach. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62(2), 832-845.

14-pole, ferrite assisted SyR motor prototype, for direct drive application

Today ’s Challenges


Today’s Challenges


Motor Design Keys

Develop trustable design tools • Balanced use of magnetic FEA• Saturated steel properties

Find the reliable minimum width of rotor ribs • Structural FEA in the loop• Fatigue test campaigns

Have a vector controlled test-rig • Flux maps identification for design validation

MTPA Law and Sensorless Control Keys

Know the motor parameters • Download from Motor Database• On-site Sensorless self-commissioning

Challenge 1: Motor Design Procedures


Motor Design Keys


Find the reliable minimum width of rotor ribs • Structural FEA in the loop• Fatigue test campaigns




Challenge 2: Standardize Motor Identification


Motor Design Keys


Find the reliable minimum width of rotor ribs • Structural FEA• Fatigue test campaigns




Armando, E., Boglietti, A., Bojoi, R., “Electrical drives measurements and testing: Past, Present and Future”, Tutorial at ECCE 2018, Portland, USA

Challenge 3: Plug-and-play Control


Motor Design Keys


Find the reliable minimum width of rotor ribs • Structural FEA• Fatigue test campaigns



Know the motor parameters • Download from Motor Database• On-site Sensorless self-commissioningPescetto, P., Pellegrino, G. (2018). Automatic Tuning for SensorlessCommissioning of Synchronous Reluctance Machines Augmented With High-Frequency Voltage Injection. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 54(5), 4485-4493.

a) Explored points in the 𝑖𝑖𝑑𝑑 , 𝑖𝑖𝑞𝑞 plane;b) Obtained current vs flux curves (fit)

SyR-e: Synchronous Reluctance Evolution


https://sourceforge.net/projects/syr-e/

https://sourceforge.net/projects/syr-e/

What is SyR-e

SyR-e: Synchronous Reluctance – evolution is a design tool for synchronous e-machines

Launched on September 2014 in occasion of a Tutorial presented at ECCE - Pittsburg,from a collaboration between Politecnico di Torino and Politecnico di Bari, in Italy

It runs under Matlab (or GNU Octave), using FEMM as a client for magneto-static FEA


SyR-e is downloadable at https://sourceforge.net/projects/syr-e/, under the APACHE License, Version 2.0. FEMM is at www.femm.info

https://sourceforge.net/projects/syr-e/http://www.apache.org/licenses/http://www.femm.info/

GUI

SyR-e has a Graphical User Interface (GUI) built in Matlab, for ease of data/command input

Design examples are provided:◦ mot_01.fem, mot_01.mat

(default initial design)◦ RAWP.fem, RAWP.mat

(demo)


What SyR-e can do

The key feature of SyR-e is the capability of parametric FEA modelling and fast simulation

Moreover, SyR-e includes:◦ Design Equations (x,b plane approach) FEAfix: fixing the equations with few selected FEA runs◦ Optimization of selected design goals using MODE◦ Simplified copper temperature and centrifugal stress models◦ Scripts for advanced manipulation of FEA output (flux maps, effy maps)◦ Exporting capability to other CAD environments (Autocad, Infolytica, MotorCAD)


Save Machine Post Processing\Start

Machine Types

Synchronous Reluctance and PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance machines:◦ circular barriers◦ angled barriers (called SEG)◦ fluid barriers

Interior PM rotors (V-type IPM), Surface-mounted PM machines (SPM)

Distributed and concentrated winding stator configurations, multi-three-phase


Circular barriers SEG barriers Surface-mounted PMSM Concentrated Windings

syrmDesign(x,b): Design Equations

Torque and power-factor contours are evaluated via design equations as a function of the two key parameters:◦ 𝑥𝑥 (rotor/stator split)◦ 𝑏𝑏 (iron/copper split)


Example of Results

Any point of the plane corresponds to one machine design: torque and PF have different trends

Left to right (𝑥𝑥 up):◦ rotor gets bigger, slots get smaller

Up to down (𝑏𝑏 down):◦ Iron paths width decreases

All the designs have the same peak flux density(stator back iron and rotor flux carriers)

Stator teeth size can be calibrated separately via the dedicated parameter 𝑘𝑘𝑡𝑡


x = 0.55, b = 0.55 x = 0.68, b = 0.55

x = 0.68, b = 0.42

FEAfix: FEA-augmented Design Equations


Ferrari, S., & Pellegrino, G. (2018). FEA-Augmented Design Equations for Synchronous Reluctance Machines. In 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) (pp. 5395-5402). IEEE.

a) Torque contours; b) Power Factor Contours

Main design inputs + costraints

Torque(x,b) and PF(x,b)

Selected design

x,b = 0.68, 0.55

FEAfix1

1 FEMM run

Design equations

Flux Barriers Shift

Recently added feature for building motors with asymmetric poles, and selectively eliminating torque ripple harmonics


Ferrari, S., Pellegrino, G., Davoli, M., Bianchini, C. (2018). Reduction of Torque Ripple in Synchronous Reluctance Machines through Flux Barrier Shift. In 2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) (pp. 2290-2296). IEEE.

Design Optimization

The Optimization tab commands MODE (Multi-Objective Differential Evolution) optimization

Key input fields:◦ Population size and # of generations◦ Inputs are selectable◦ Goals are selectable

Fast FEA evaluation:◦ 5 rotor positions per candidate,

random current phase angle during optimization

◦ Accurate re-evaluation of the Pareto-optimal designs (30 rotor positions)


Cupertino, F., Pellegrino, G., & Gerada, C. (2014). Design of synchronous reluctance motors with multiobjective optimization algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 50(6), 3617-3627.

Copper Temperature Estimate

The inputs are:◦ Copper loss◦ Target copper temperature

SyR-e evaluates:◦ Estimated copper temperature◦ Phase current i0 = 1 p.u. and

resistance (given the number of turns)

A thermal network estimates the copper temperature given the housing temperature

Target and estimated temperaturemust be equal


Structural co-design

The overspeed input field determines the size of the additional radial ribs included for rotor integrity

This under the assumption that each rib supports all the centrifugal load downstream of the respective layer, and imposing a stress limit equal to the yield strength of the selected silicon steel (e.g. 285 MPa for M600-50A)

This feature is on-line during design optimization


Automatic or User-defined Winding

KOIL designs the winding distribution into slots automatically, given the slot/pole/phase number

Example: p = 3 (pole pairs), q = 2 (slots/pole/phase)

Takes advantage of odd-periodic symmetry conditions = one rotor pole and 6 stator slots

Optionally, bigger portions of the machine can be modelled, for example for modifying the winding set manually (e.g. all 36 slots)


6 slots 36 slots

The user can edit the winding scheme

FEA Evaluated Flux Maps


In a similar manner, output maps are produced:◦ dq flux maps◦ Torque and torque ripple maps

d axis flux linkage q axis flux linkage

Torque Pk-pk Torque ripple

Phase angle = 1000 is an internal code to launch the flux map feature

Magnetic Curves Manipulation (syreManipulateMM)

Out of the control GUI, additional scripts are available for flux maps manipulation:◦ Torque and torque factor [Nm/A] vs current◦ MTPA and MTPV◦ Torque and power vs speed profiles


Id, Iq control LUTs

[Nm] vs [A]

Conclusion

The literature on SyR motors and drives is rich and well established: key concepts were known as early as in the early 2000s. This technology has advantages and disadvantages, expectedly

However, it is consistently gaining momentum as Super Premium efficiency (IE4) solution for variable speed drives. There is potential also as servomotor and direct-on-line, constant speed applications.

Most of all, what is missing is engineering and standardization

A wider diffusion will be possible if the tight connection between motor design and (sensorless) control design aspects will be better formalized and standardized

Key points are machine testing standards, including test bed and self-commissioning procedures

SyR-e is online, to contribute to this process


Thank you!QUESTIONS, PLEASE

gianmar io.pel legr ino@pol i to . i t


References (1/3)

1) Kostko, J.K., "Polyphase reaction synchronous motors,“ American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Journal of the, 19232) Honsinger, V.B., “Synchronous reluctance motor”, US3652885, 19723) Honsinger, V. B., "Inherently Stable Reluctance Motors Having Improved Performance," in IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,

vol. PAS-91, no. 4, pp. 1544-1554, July 19724) Kolehmainen, J. (2010). Synchronous reluctance motor with form blocked rotor. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion5) Vagati, A. (1998) "Synchronous reluctance electrical motor having a low torque-ripple design." U.S. Patent No. 5,818,1406) Lipo, T. A. "Synchronous reluctance machines - a viable alternative for ac drives?“ Electric Machines and Power Systems 19.6 (1991): 659-6717) Xu, L., Xu, X., Lipo, T. A., Novotny, D. W. (1991). “Vector control of a synchronous reluctance motor including saturation and iron loss”, IEEE

Transactions on Industry Applications, 27(5), 977-985.8) Vagati, A., Franceschini, G., Marongiu, I., & Troglia, G. P. (1992). “Design criteria of high-performance synchronous reluctance motors”,

In Conference Record of the 1992 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (pp. 66-73). IEEE.9) Staton, D. A., Miller, T. J. E., & Wood, S. E. (1993, July). “Maximising the saliency ratio of the synchronous reluctance motor”, In IEE Proceedings B

(Electric Power Applications) (Vol. 140, No. 4, pp. 249-259). IET Digital Library.10) Betz, R. E., Lagerquist, R., Jovanovic, M., Miller, T. J., & Middleton, R. H. (1993). “Control of synchronous reluctance machines”, IEEE Transactions

on Industry Applications, 29(6), 1110-1122.11) Matsuo, T., & Lipo, T. A. (1994). “Rotor design optimization of synchronous reluctance machine”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 9(2),

359-365.


References (2/3)

12) Lagerquist, R., Boldea, I., & Miller, T. J. (1994). “Sensorless-control of the synchronous reluctance motor”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 30(3), 673-682.

13) Boldea, I., Fu, Z. X., & Nasar, S. A. (1994). “Performance evaluation of axially-laminated anisotropic (ALA) rotor reluctance synchronous motors”, IEEE transactions on industry applications, 30(4), 977-985. Kamper, M. J., Van der Merwe, F. S., & Williamson, S. (1996), “Direct finite element design optimisation of the cageless reluctance synchronous machine”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 11(3), 547-555.

14) Kamper, M. J., Van der Merwe, F. S., & Williamson, S. (1996), “Direct finite element design optimisation of the cageless reluctance synchronous machine”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 11(3), 547-555.

15) Vagati, A., Pastorelli, M., Francheschini, G., & Petrache, S. C. (1998), “Design of low-torque-ripple synchronous reluctance motors”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 34(4), 758-765.

16) Ha, J. I., Kang, S. J., & Sul, S. K. (1999). Position-controlled synchronous reluctance motor without rotational transducer. IEEE transactions on Industry Applications, 35(6), 1393-1398.

17) Consoli, A., Russo, F., Scarcella, G., & Testa, A. (1999). Low-and zero-speed sensorless control of synchronous reluctance motors. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 35(5), 1050-1057.

18) Vagati, A., Pastorelli, M., Scapino, F., & Franceschini, G. (2000). Impact of cross saturation in synchronous reluctance motors of the transverse-laminated type. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 36(4), 1039-1046. Pellegrino, G., Armando, E., Guglielmi, P., & Vagati, A. (2009), “A 250kW transverse-laminated Synchronous Reluctance motor”, In 2009 13th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications. IEEE.


References (3/3)

19) Pellegrino, G., Cupertino, F., & Gerada, C. (2014), “Automatic design of synchronous reluctance motors focusing on barrier shape optimization”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 51(2), 1465-1474.

20) Pellegrino, G., Cupertino, F., & Gerada, C. (2014), “Automatic design of synchronous reluctance motors focusing on barrier shape optimization”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 51(2), 1465-1474.

21) Ferrari, S.; Pellegrino, G.; Bonisoli, Elvio (2016) “Magnetic and structural co-design of synchronous reluctance electric machines in an open-source framework”, International Journal Of Mechanics And Control, Levrotto&Bella, pp. 8, 2016, Vol. 17, ISSN: 1590-8844

22) Boazzo, B., Vagati, A., Pellegrino, G., Armando, E., Guglielmi, P. (2014). Multipolar ferrite-assisted synchronous reluctance machines: A general design approach. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62(2), 832-845.

23) Armando, E., Boglietti, A., Bojoi, R., “Electrical drives measurements and testing: Past, Present and Future”, Tutorial at ECCE 2018, Portland, USA24) Pescetto, P., Pellegrino, G. (2018). Automatic Tuning for Sensorless Commissioning of Synchronous Reluctance Machines Augmented With High-

Frequency Voltage Injection. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 54(5), 4485-4493.25) Ferrari, S., Pellegrino, G. (2018). FEA-Augmented Design Equations for Synchronous Reluctance Machines. In 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion

Congress and Exposition (ECCE) (pp. 5395-5402). IEEE.26) Cupertino, F., Pellegrino, G., Gerada, C. (2014). Design of synchronous reluctance motors with multiobjective optimization algorithms. IEEE

Transactions on Industry Applications, 50(6), 3617-362727) Ferrari, S., Pellegrino, G., Davoli, M., Bianchini, C. (2018). Reduction of Torque Ripple in Synchronous Reluctance Machines through Flux Barrier

Shift. In 2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) (pp. 2290-2296). IEEE.


Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drives:�Still a Niche Technology?OutlinePolitecnico di TorinoPEIC: The Power Electronics Innovation CenterPEIC: The Power Electronics Innovation CenterDiapositiva numero 6Background: Synchronous Reluctance TorqueAdvantages of SyR MotorsAdvantages of SyR MotorsAdvantages of SyR MotorsControl: Mandatory AspectsWell Known DisadvantagesWell Known DisadvantagesDiapositiva numero 141923: The Idea of Flux Barriers1972: The Synduction Motor1990s: Variable Speed DrivesTechnology Development TimelineThe Roaring NinetiesMilestones: 1991Milestones: 1992Milestones: 1993Milestones: 1994Milestones:1996Milestones: 1998Milestones: 1999Milestones: 2000Bottom LineBottom LineImprove the EfficiencyReduce the Rare-Earth Magnet ContentConsequent Boom of the SyR Motor TechnologyMain Players on the Market (2019)Diapositiva numero 34Review of Known DisadvantagesAbout the Low Power FactorTorque RippleMotor Identification and ControlHigh-speed ScalabilityLow-speed ApplicationsDiapositiva numero 41Today’s ChallengesChallenge 1: Motor Design ProceduresChallenge 2: Standardize Motor IdentificationChallenge 3: Plug-and-play ControlDiapositiva numero 46What is SyR-eGUIWhat SyR-e can doMachine TypessyrmDesign(x,b): Design EquationsExample of ResultsFEAfix: FEA-augmented Design EquationsFlux Barriers ShiftDesign OptimizationCopper Temperature EstimateStructural co-designAutomatic or User-defined WindingFEA Evaluated Flux MapsMagnetic Curves Manipulation (syreManipulateMM)ConclusionThank you!References (1/3)References (2/3)References (3/3)

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Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drives: Still a Niche …...Aug 28, 2019 · Background: Synchronous Reluctance Torque. Reluctance motors operate according to the principle of . magnetic