SYNOVIAL JOINT

SYNOVIAL JOINTwww.ipostforyou.infoSynovial JointJoint in which two bones are separated by a space called a joint cavityMost are freely movable2

2SALIENT FEATURESArticular cartilageCapsuleSynovial membraneSynovial cavitySynovial fluidArticular discsLigamentsMenisciBursaIntra articular structures

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ARTICULAR CARTILAGEhyaline cartilage covering the bone surfaces5

CAPSULEfibrous capsule lined by synovial membranecontinuous with periosteum

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SYNOVIAL MEMBRANESynovial membrane attaches to the margins of the joint surfaces at the interface between cartilage and bone and encloses the articular cavity7

SYNOVIAL CAVITYJoint cavity is synovial cavitySurrounded by synovial membrane

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SYNOVIAL FLUID

viscous slippery fluid rich in albumin & hyaluronic acid & similar to raw egg white9

ARTICULAR DISCCircular rim of fibrous cartilage between articular surfaces of two bones 10

MENISCUSMeniscus is an incomplete rim of white fibrous cartilage between articular cartilages.Shock absorberEnhancement of congruenceProtection of edgesWeight distributionFacilitation of movement 11

BURSALubricating device consist of a closed fibrous sac.Present wherever tendon rub against bones,ligaments or other tendons12

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Tendon Sheaths and BursaeTendon sheaths = cylinders of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane and wrapped around a tendon

13INTRACAPSULAR STRUCTURE14

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTClassified according to arrangement of articular surfaces and types of movementPlane jointHingePivotCondyloidEllipsoidSaddleBall and socket15PLANE JOINTOpposed articular surfaces are flat, allowing bones to slide on one anotherSternoclavicular and acromio clavicular joint1617

HINGE JOINTResemble hinge on doorFlexion and extension possibleElbow, knee and ankle joint

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CONDYLOID JOINTSThese are also known as bicondylar joints. There articular surfaces consist of two distinct condyles in which one is fitting into a concave surface of the other bone. These joints mainly permit the movement in plane around a transverse axis. Example of this type of joints is knee joint

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PIVOT JOINTSPivot joints are formed by a central bony pivot surrounded by an osteo-ligamentous ring. Movements are permitted in one plane around a vertical axis. Examples of this type are superior and inferior radioulnar joints and atlantoaxial joint

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24SADDLE JOINTEach articular surface is shaped like a saddle, concave in one direction and convex in the otherFlexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotationcarpometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb

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26ELLIPSOID JOINTSOval convex surface on one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression on the nextradiocarpal joint of the wrist metacarpophalangeal joints at the bases of the fingers

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28BALL and SOCKETSocket deepened by acetabular labrumBlood supply to head of femur found in ligament of the head of the femur Joint capsule strengthened by ligaments

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