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BIOLOGICAL

PSYCHOLOGYNeuroanatomy II

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Major subdivisions of the brain

Hindbrain

Midbrain

Forebrain

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Hindbrain

Oldest and most primitive partof the brain

MedullaResponsible forsome automatic but vital

functions, such as breathingand heart rate, etc.

Reticular formationA densenetwork of neurons found inthe core of the brain stem; itarouses the cortex andscreens incoming information

CerebellumRegulatesmovement and balance, and isinvolved in learning somesimple responses

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Midbrain

Located above the hindbrain

Contains a number of

important nuclei

Nuclei: a cluster of neurons

within a structure

Substantia NigraBlack

substance

Striatum Both are involved in initiating

smooth movement

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Forebrain

Most highly developed part of the brain

ThalamusRelay station for information

concerning senses

HypothalamusMaintains homeostasis

and produces vital basic behaviors Limbic systemintegrates emotions,

learning, and memory

Amygdalaalmond

Hippocampusseahorse Basal ganglia

Parahippocampal gyrus

Cingulate gyrus

Cortex/Cerebral Cortex

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1) Sensory Cortex

Reception and registration of sensory stimuli from outside

and within the body

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2) Motor Cortex

Planning and execution of

complex motor acts

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MOTORAND SOMATOSENSORY AREAS

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3) Association Cortex unimodal areas

Each of the primary

sensory cortices (dark)

is bordered by unimodal

association cortex (lightgray).

lesions lead to unimodal

deficits (ONLY vision, or

ONLY Audition)

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3) Association Cortex

heteromodal areas (white regions)

Areas that put together information from different senses

lesions lead to multimodal deficits

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Motor cortexvoluntary movementof muscles

Auditory cortexMemory,perception,emotion

Somatosensory cortexpressure, touch, pain,temperature

Visual cortex

AttentionExecutive functionMotor planning

AttentionSensoryintegration

Brocasarea: language productionWernickesarea: language comprehension