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TAKSONOMI TANAH

TAKSONOMI TANAH

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TAKSONOMI TANAH. TAKSONOMI TANAH. Tujuan Taksonomi Tanah: 1. Organize knowledge about soils 2. Understand relationships among different soils 3. Establish groups or classes for practical purposes. a. Memprediksi perilaku tanah b. Identifikasi penggunaan tanah yang sesuai - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

TAKSONOMI

TANAH

Page 2: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

TAKSONOMI TANAH

Tujuan Taksonomi Tanah: 1. Organize knowledge about soils 2. Understand relationships among different

soils 3. Establish groups or classes for practical

purposes. a. Memprediksi perilaku tanah b. Identifikasi penggunaan tanah yang sesuai c. Estimasi produktivitas tanah d. Menyebar-luaskan hasil-hasil penelitian

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 3: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Soil Taxonomy: 12 Ordo Tanah

Soils are classified into into six categories based on diagnostic characteristics

The last (largest) category will place the soils into one of the 12 Soil Orders (Ordo Tanah).

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Soil Taxonomy

1) Orders (12)2) Suborders (54)3) Great Groups (211)4) Subgroups (1,100+)5) Family (7,000+)6) Series (a lot!)

Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls(This is the name of a specific soil in Soil Taxonomy)

This is the name of oneOf the 12 large categories

Mollisol - oll

Oder - root of order

Page 5: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Orders = Ordo

Highest and most general of the soil classification system (similar to the phylum in plant taxonomy)

Based on conditions under which the soil developed

Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Orderoll = Mollisols

Page 6: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Suborders = Sub-Ordo

Grouped by similarities in soil formation such as wetter/dryer soil, colder/warmer soil, etc.

Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

SubOrder

Order

Ud = Udic Moisture

Page 7: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Great Groups

Based on differences between soil horizons

Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

GreatGroup

SubOrder

Order

Argi = Akumulasi Liat

Page 8: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Sub Groups (not required to know)

Describes a profile characteristic, wetness, sand, tonguing of E, etc.

GreatGroup

Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

SubGroup

SubOrder

Order

Aquic = wet soil

Page 9: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Family (not required to know)

Based on soil properties that affect management and root penetration, such as texture, temperature, and depth

GreatGroup

Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

FamilySubGroup

SubOrder

OrderTexture, clay minerals, CEC, temp,

Page 10: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Seri Tanah – this is where the soils of the week names are

from – misalnya: Lester, Clarion, Nashwauk etc.

Named from the town or landscape feature near where the soil was first

recognized (Lester = Lester Prairie, MN.

Other examples = Clarion, Nashwauk, Milaca, Port Byron, Zimmerman.)

GreatGroup

Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

FamilySubGroup

SubOrder

Order

Page 11: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Horizon Penciri - Used to place soils into one of the 12 Soil Orders

Permukaan (Epipedon)

Mollic Umbric Histic Ochric

Bawah-permukaan

• Argillic• Natric• Spodic• Oxic• Cambic• None

Page 12: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Soil Taxonomy- Diagnostic Surface Epipedons

Epipedon Molik: Lapisan permukaan yang tebal, gelap, lunak.

Characteristics Thick - greater than 10

inches; High base saturation> 50%;

Tanah Mineral Tanah-tanah terbentuk

pada kondisi vegetasi prairie

Page 13: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Other Epipedons Umbric - like

mollic, but low base saturation

Histic - Organic Soil - saturated with water, > -% organic matter

Ochric - thin, light colored - surface layers that do not fit any of the above

Base Saturation = relative amount of bases (Ca, Mg, K)in the soil,Low %= few, high% = many

Page 14: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Pembandingan Epipedon

Okhrik Histik

Molik

Umbrik

thinnerlighter color more

organicmatter

low basesaturation

Page 15: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Diagnostic Subsurface Horizons Argillic - illuvial

horizon of clay accumulation - Bt

Natric - same as argillic but with > 15% exchangeable sodium (Na) - Btn

Page 16: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Diagnostic Subsurface Horizons Spodic - illuvial

accumulation of oxides of Al and Fe (sesquioxides) and OM, red or dark red color - only found in acid sandy soils, with high rainfall- generally found below E horizon. Contains a Bhs or Bs horizon or Bhsm

OiEBhsBs

C

Page 17: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

subsurface horizons (cont.)

Oxic - very weathered layer of only Fe and Al oxides and 1:1 clay minerals, low pH and not very fertile (found in tropical soils) Bo

Cambic - slightly altered layer - not weathered enough to be argillic, Bw horizon designation or development of color and or structure

NONE - no diagnostic subsurface horizon present

Page 18: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Comparison of Subsurface Diagnostic Horizons

Oxic

very weathered

Spodic Cambic

Argillic

Natric

more Al and Fe

less developed

more sodium

Page 19: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

12 Soil Orders - Each Order has a diagnostic epipedon and subsurface horizons – which could be “none”.

WEB SITE for soil orders = www.mines.uidaho.edu/pses/teach_res

1. Entisol2. Inceptisol3. Andisols4. Spodosols5. Mollisols6. Alfisols 1. Ultisols

2. Oxisols3. Aridisols4. Vertisols5. Histosols6. Gelisols

Page 20: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Entisol - ent Recent soils - minimal

development, little horizonation, young soils.

12.5% of world, Ochric + none

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 22: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Vertisol - ert Inverted - soils with high

clay content, Large shrink swell potential - gradually invert on themselves, 2.1% of the world, Mollic or Ochric + none

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 23: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Vertisol = Bss at slickenslide

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 24: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Inceptisol - ept Inception - soil shows the

beginning of horizon development, little or no illuviation,

15.8% of world, Ochric or Umbric + cambic.

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 25: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Inceptisol Soil Formed in

colluvial material in mountains of Idaho.

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 26: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Aridisols - id Arid regions of the

world (19%), < 10 in. of rainfall, usually contain carbonates,

Ochric + cambic or argillic or other diagnostic feature.

A

Bw

Bk

C

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 27: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Aridisol in Idaho

ABt

BkBkqm

RDiunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 28: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Aridisol - Nevada

AzBzC1

C2

NaCl Salt accumulates on the surface and in the subsurface.

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 29: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Mollisols - oll soils with thick, dark,

soft surface

mollic + cambic, natric, argillic or none

base saturation soils of the prairie

9% of the world

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 30: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Mollisol This mollisol formed in a new

parent material (loess) that buried the original soil -the Btb (b = buried).

Mollisol from Kansas that is developed in Limestone bedrock.

A1A2BwBCR

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2014

Page 31: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Spodosols- od

acid sandy soils with thick E and red Bhs - ochric and spodic -

5.4 % of the world - infertile soils.

OiE

Bhs

Bs

C

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 32: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Alfisol -- alf fertile forested soils with

ochric and argillic - high base saturation (> 35%) - forested soils

7% of the world.

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 33: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Ultisols - ult soils more weathered

than Alfisols - ochric and argillic - low base saturation < 35% - redder and more acid than Alfisols

8.5% of the world - less fertile than Alfisols

AE

Bt1

Bt2

BC

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 35: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Histosols - ist Tanah-tanah

Gambut - organic material - histic

0.8% of the world Epipedon Histik.

Oe1

Oe2

Oe3

Oe4

Oa2C

Photo USDADiunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 36: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Andisols - and soils from volcanic ash

- very light - low bulk density – 1% or the world

Andisol from Idaho

A

Bw

2BC

2C

ABwAbBwb

Ab’

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 37: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Oxisols - ox Soils with Oxic horizon - very weathered

- soils of the tropics. low pH - acid soils - high in 1:1 clay minerals

9.2% of world

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 39: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Gelisol - el New Order as of

1998 - soils with permafrost (formerly Cryochrepts - or frozen Inceptisols)

Horison Cf

Diunduh dari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

Page 40: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Soil Suborders of Minnesota Mollisol - Udoll - Boroll - Aquoll - Ustoll Alfisol - Udalf - Boralf - Aqualf Dropped in 1998 Entisol - Orthent - Psamment – Aquent

- Fluvent Inceptisol - Udept - Aquept Spodosol - Orthod Vertisol - Aquert Histosol - Fibrist - Hemist - Saprist

Page 41: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Suborder definitions Ud - Udic moisture = moist -southern Mn

type climate & Us = Ustic = Dry Bor - Boreas = northern Mn. Climate

(Frigid Temperature regime) Aqu - Aquic moisture = saturated soil -

high water table - Gleyed conditions Orth - true or simple - regular Entisols &

Spodosols Psamm - sand - sandy Entisols Fluv - floodplain –irregular Organic matter

Page 42: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Udoll - Ustoll - Aquoll

Ustoll

Page 43: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Udalf - Boralf - Aqualf

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Orthent - Psamment – Aquent - Fluvent

A

Bw

C

Orthent

Not Cambic due to

being too sandy

Page 45: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Fluvent – Soils of the floodplains.

Lots of layers that are deposited when the river floods

FLUVENT

Page 46: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

OrthodWisconsin Orthod

A

E

Bhs

Bs

C

Minnesota Orthod

Page 47: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Udept - Aquept

EUTRUDEPTS

Page 48: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Aquert

Page 49: TAKSONOMI  TANAH

Fibrist - Hemist - Saprist