Tang DynastyTang Dynasty618-907618-907

BeginningsBeginningsGeneral Li Shimin founded Tang General Li Shimin founded Tang

dynastydynastyNamed Taizong – “Great Named Taizong – “Great

Ancestor”Ancestor”Fixed of Chinese and Fixed of Chinese and “barbarian” blood“barbarian” blood

First had his father on the First had his father on the throne, who abdicatedthrone, who abdicated

GovernmentGovernmentChang’an Chang’an

1 Million people, including 1 Million people, including foreigners who were traders foreigners who were traders and merchantsand merchants

30 square miles30 square miles

GovernmentGovernmentCivil service examsCivil service exams

Supported by government Supported by government schoolsschools

Forbidden to serve in native Forbidden to serve in native places “ rule of avoidance”places “ rule of avoidance”

Limited to terms of 3 yearsLimited to terms of 3 yearsMoved to different districtsMoved to different districtsReduced power of great Reduced power of great familiesfamilies

GovernmentGovernmentMilitary based on MilitiaMilitary based on MilitiaRevenue system – based on Revenue system – based on

land taxland taxGovernment monopoly on Government monopoly on

Salt, tea, and liquorSalt, tea, and liquorRebuilt road and canal Rebuilt road and canal

network with post stationsnetwork with post stations

CultureCultureGolden Age of Art and Golden Age of Art and

LiteratureLiterature

ArtArtGlazes on PotteryGlazes on PotteryFocused on Human FigureFocused on Human FigureMonochromaticMonochromatic

Dish in the Shape of a Leaf

Night Shinning White

Phoenix-headed ewer

Floral Medallions

Seated Buddha

Standing Court Lady

Culture cont’dCulture cont’d

PoetsPoetsLia BaiLia BaiBu FuBu Fu

TechnologyTechnologyCast ironCast ironCrossbowCrossbowGunpowder,Gunpowder,Compass Compass PorcelainPorcelain

Coal as fuelCoal as fuelWaterwheelsWaterwheelsPaper Paper

CurrencyCurrencyWheelbarrowWheelbarrowWallpaperWallpaper

ExpansionExpansionOverseas trade expanded with Overseas trade expanded with

absorption of Fujian and absorption of Fujian and absorption of southeast coast absorption of southeast coast

Reincorporated northern Reincorporated northern Vietnam, Xinjiang, and southern Vietnam, Xinjiang, and southern ManchuriaManchuria

Incorporated Korea as a tributary Incorporated Korea as a tributary statestate

CollapseCollapseRevenue base began to erodeRevenue base began to erodeImperial land grants to notables Imperial land grants to notables

who avoided taxeswho avoided taxesPopulation grew more quickly Population grew more quickly

than land and money could than land and money could provideprovide

Began outlawing contact with Began outlawing contact with other ethnicitiesother ethnicities

CollapseCollapseMilitary supported by mercenariesMilitary supported by mercenariesEunuchs’ power increasingEunuchs’ power increasingRebellionsRebellions

Country divided by generalsCountry divided by generalsAttacked by groups in the north, Attacked by groups in the north,

taking control of including southern taking control of including southern ManchuriaManchuria

Ended in chaos and civil warEnded in chaos and civil war

Song Song DynastyDynasty

966-1279966-1279

BeginningsBeginningsFollows Five Follows Five

Dynasty Period and Dynasty Period and later Zhou Periodlater Zhou Period

General Guo Wei General Guo Wei rival of Later Zhou rival of Later Zhou conquered middle conquered middle Yangzi region of ChuYangzi region of Chu

Kingdom of Shu of Kingdom of Shu of Sichuan Sichuan

GovernmentGovernment Issued paper currency credited growth Issued paper currency credited growth

of commerceof commerceCivil Service recruited for higher posts Civil Service recruited for higher posts

from educated who passed three from educated who passed three levels of imperial examinationslevels of imperial examinations

Personal Property assessed for Personal Property assessed for TaxationTaxation

Trained Militia and supplied with ArmsTrained Militia and supplied with ArmsStrengthen Loyalty and Quality of Strengthen Loyalty and Quality of

ArmyArmy

GovernmentGovernmentGovernment SchoolsGovernment SchoolsOpen to anyone of Open to anyone of abilityabilityAllowed others a chance at office Allowed others a chance at office

holdingholdingPaid Mongols and others in silk Paid Mongols and others in silk

and other goods as a way to and other goods as a way to pacify would be attackerspacify would be attackers

CultureCultureSong PoetrySong Poetry

Wáng ĀnshíWáng ĀnshíZeng Gong Zeng Gong

Paintings focusing on LandscapesPaintings focusing on LandscapesHarmony between humans and Harmony between humans and

naturenaturePatronized by Rich Urban MerchantsPatronized by Rich Urban MerchantsPopularization of Vernacular Popularization of Vernacular

LanguageLanguage

Summer Mountains

Scholar on Horseback with Traveling HatScholar on Horseback with Traveling Hat

Chinese Song dynasty Henan jarChinese Song dynasty Henan jar

Glazed Clay JarGlazed Clay Jar

TechnologyTechnologyImproved Improved

Farming Farming Techniques – Techniques – Irrigation, Irrigation, fertilization, fertilization, metal tools and metal tools and proto-proto-machinesmachines

Ships with Ships with water-tight water-tight compartmentscompartments

WaterwheelsWaterwheelsIncline PlanesIncline PlanesCanal LocksCanal LocksGunpowderGunpowderMortarsMortars

Depletion of EmpireDepletion of EmpireShrank in size, Shrank in size,

gave up land gave up land including Taipei, including Taipei,

Abandoned TibetAbandoned TibetManchuria in Khitan Manchuria in Khitan

controlcontrolVietnam and Korea Vietnam and Korea

more independentmore independent

Collapse of Northern SongCollapse of Northern SongAlliance with Jurchen against Alliance with Jurchen against

KhitanKhitanUnimpressed with Song’s Unimpressed with Song’s

military abilitiesmilitary abilitiesCaptured capital of Kaifeng 1126Captured capital of Kaifeng 1126Treaty with Jurchen fixed border Treaty with Jurchen fixed border

at Huai Riverat Huai RiverPay annual tributePay annual tribute

Collapse of Southern SongCollapse of Southern SongAttacks by Jurchen and MongolsAttacks by Jurchen and Mongols

Attacks by Jurchen take over Attacks by Jurchen take over Northern ChinaNorthern China

Song establish Southern Song Song establish Southern Song DynastyDynasty

Including Chinghis and Kubilai Including Chinghis and Kubilai KhanKhan

Mongols eventually take over Song Mongols eventually take over Song China and establish Yuan DyanstyChina and establish Yuan Dyansty