Chapter 11

Community-Based

Corrections for Juveniles

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Chapter OutlineI. Introduction and Overview of

Juvenile CorrectionsII. History of Juvenile CorrectionsIII. Juvenile Community CorrectionsIV. Juvenile Probation

A. Juvenile Probation ProcessB. Probation CaseloadC. Probation ConditionsD. Issues in Juvenile

ProbationE. Working in Juvenile

Probation

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Chapter Outline Continued

V. Variations in Juvenile ProbationA. Intensive Supervision Probation (ISP)B. Shock ProbationC. School-Based ProbationD. House Arrest and Electronic Monitoring

VI. Alternative Sanctions in Juvenile Community Corrections

A. MediationB. RestitutionC. Community Service

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Chapter Outline Continued

VII.Community Correctional Alternatives to Incarceration

A. Counseling and Specialized Treatment Programs

B. Day Treatment ProgramsC. Foster CareD. Group HomesE. Wilderness and Adventure ProgramsF. Vocational and Apprenticeship Programs

VIII.Aftercare for Juveniles, Juvenile Parole, and Parolee Services

IX. Qualities of Effective Juvenile Correctional Programs

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Overview of Juvenile Corrections

Police Juvenile Courts Juvenile Correctional System

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Adjudicated Delinquency Cases by Disposition 1985-2002

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Juvenile Correctional Alternatives

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History of Juvenile Corrections

The juvenile correctional system in the U.S. grew bifurcated (two-pronged) manner.

1. State reform and training schools2. The vast array of community-based

and private institutions and programs

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Juvenile Community Corrections

Community corrections is a broad term used to capture a variety of correctional alternatives with one common characteristic: they are less restrictive than institutional corrections and are literally operated in the community.

The majority of juveniles under sanction in the U.S. are under some form of community corrections.

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Variables that Influence Disposition

Circumstances of the offense committed

Prior history with the juvenile justice system

Characteristics of the juvenile

Juvenile’s family situation

Juvenile’s social situation

Availability of community resources and alternative placements

Availability and workload of staff and correctional personnel

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Juvenile Probation Probation – a sanction where the court releases a youth to a parent or other guardian to live in the community under certain rules and conditions.

Probation in America began with the work of John Augustus.

It costs more to incarcerate a juvenile in a facility than it does to put him on probation.

Most juvenile offenders on probation never recidivate.

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Deferred Adjudication

A situation in which a youth agrees to follow certain probation conditions without going to court.

There is generally no direct supervision by the probation department and the probation is terminated within a short period of time as long as the juvenile does not commit any new offenses.

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Probation Conditions

Attend school regularly

Attend work regularly Do not use alcohol and drugs

Submit to random drug screening

Check in with probation officer regularly

Attend special counseling or treatment

Do not associate with known criminals

Do not commit any crimes

Maintain established curfew

Do not posses a weapon Pay restitution Perform community service

Obey parents or guardian

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Issues in Juvenile Probation

Probation departments cannot control or limit their caseloads.

Issues of safety on the job have lead to many jurisdictions to begin arming probation officers and requiring them to become certified law enforcement officers.

The goals of probation. New state laws have increased the punitive ability of the court.

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Probation Officer’s Responsibilities

Making intake decisions

Preparing Pre-sentence investigation reports.

A liaison for the juvenile court.

Preparing dispositional plans

Supervising juveniles on probation

Making decisions about the progress of juveniles on probation

Overseeing aftercare for juveniles released from secure placement

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Intensive Supervision Probation Programs

Based on a philosophy of risk control Proper identification of juveniles who need ISP is essential

Requires a comprehensive effort encompassing highly structured supervision and a broad array of treatment alternatives

Broad base of ongoing community support Financial commitment to ISP in the jurisdiction

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Types of Juvenile Probation

Intensive supervision probation Shock probation School-based probation House arrest and electronic monitoring

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Alternative Sanctions in Juvenile Community Corrections

Mediation Restitution Community service

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Counseling and Specialized Treatment Programs

Day treatment programs Foster care Group homes Wilderness and adventure programs

Vocational and apprenticeship programs