EDU 3093: TEACHERS AND CURRENT CHALLENGES

TOPIC 1

National Integration

Definition:

A process of uniting groups with different backgrounds into one entity which is bound by common norms, values and interests. When the integration takes place, there will be a sense of belonging and ties of feelings between people themselves. From integration also, there will be a sharing of heart and minds that goes beyond cultural and ethnic differences.

Consequences of national integration:Differences in culture and religion dissatisfaction Geographical position

Challenges / obstacles to create a social system:Religion and culture British Colonial Policy The education system, school, and different languages Practice different economic Follow the political differences of race, racial & ethnic

Strengthening & fostering the national integration by means of education policy:

1. The National Education System2. The agenda of strengthening the National Schools3. Application of Value Subjects : civic and citizenship 20034. Vision school Concept

a. Approved by cabinet in 1997b. Combines three different schools in a complex – sharing

facilities.c. Students can interact and communicated. Strengthen the unity among studentse. The used of one curriculum,f. Help improve the mastery of national language, friendship,

tolerance,5. Curriculum and cocurriculum6. Nationality language Activities7. Instilling and inculcating understanding8. NEU9. syllabus, textbooks, examination10. uniform11. teacher training system12. the use of language13. RIMUP program

a. Module for academic excellanceb. Sportmanship and games activity modulec. Co curriculum moduled. Community service activity modulee. Enhancing Patriotism activity module

Community involvement in fostering national integration:

Community Collaboration Program

Family Day

Cultural Events

celebrations

Co-Curricular Activities

Independence month

visiting

Bina Insan

The teacher's role in addressing issues of national integration:

Teachers are nation builders because teachers can develop the human capital and ensure the formation of a strong self-esteem pupils, competitive, high confidence and adhere to the religion and universal values and thus be able to compete glocally and globally.

Based on MOE guidelines in PIPP, the teacher's role as a nation builder of

the country may be accomplished by:o strengthening the national language

o strengthen national unity

o fostering the love of arts, heritage and culture of the people

1Malaysia concept

Democratization of Education

Focus in education democratisation:Eradicate illiteracy universal education provision of infrastructure Adequately trained teachers Pre-school for all

Education for all

World class education/standard education/ quality education

In conclusion, FOCUS of WORLD BANK IN EDUCATION basic education Compulsory education for all Skills in management distribution of resources Requirements to the job market

UNESCO Educational Pillars

The four pillars of learning are fundamental principles for reshaping education:

Learning to know: to provide the cognitive tools required to better comprehend the world and its complexities, and to provide an appropriate and adequate foundation for future learning.

Learning to do: to provide the skills that would enable individuals to

effectively participate in the global economy and society.

Learning to be: to provide self-analytical and social skills to enable individuals to develop to their fullest potential psycho-socially, affectively as well as physically, for an all-round ‘complete person.

Learning to live together: to expose individuals to the values implicit within human rights, democratic principles, intercultural understanding and respect and peace at all levels of society and human relationships to enable individuals and societies to live in peace and harmony.

Globalization in Education

GLOBALIZATION CHALLENGES IN EDUCATION

The need for continuous learning. Innovation in curriculum implementation The use of telecommunications and information technology. Management education. The formation of student identity. Quality of teachers.

NEED TO CHANGE CURRICULUM

Among the changes observed were as follows: -

Smart Schools: Focus on the process of developing and nurturing learning to use computers and multimedia applications. Schools Project Net: Use a personal computer and the environment Local Area Network (LAN). Teacher serves as an information receiver curriculum and learning materials from outside and then passed on to the students. Project Smart Lab: Using computer networks to allow students to access knowledge and information from various sources with teachers working as drivers, sailors and facilitator. School Project Vista: Software applications for classroom management to teaching and learning. This allows teachers to manage classrooms effectively and provide opportunities for students to communicate electronically with their friends and teachers.

PREPARATION FOR GLOBAL COMPETITION

Having a culture of lifelong learning. Have the ability to communicate in the native language and an international language. Mastering technology skills to job requirements and daily life. Prepared cognitively to the complex and challenging tasks, solve problems and generate new knowledge. Become responsible citizens socially, politically and culturally

GLOBALIZATION CHALLENGES TO TEACHER Readiness The increase in work load Lack of management support management education The attitude of teachers Different levels of knowledge use of technology Identity formation school culture Professional development

Cultural Diversity

Justice/FAIRNESS

Educational opportunities for all

Fostered through the curriculum and extra-curricular activities

Twinning program – Vision Schools

SOCIO-CULTURAL DIVERSITY OF STUDENTS SHOULD BE HANDLED WISELY.

National schools as the leading national education system. Ensure equitable support and funding to religious schools, Chinese and Tamil national schools, missionary schools, vocational schools in a joint effort to improve the standard of education.

Improving the quality of school facilities and the poor in rural, especially in Sabah and Sarawak.

Improving the quality of teacher education for all levels of schools and

increase the number of trained teachers. Provides high-level training opportunities for teachers and lecturers so that

their professional knowledge and skills are always in line with current developments.

Reviewing back the scheme of service for teachers and increase the stimulation scheme for those who teach in remote areas.

Provides merit-based scholarships and other financial aid based on need, with priority to the poor students from rural and remote areas.

Emphasizing the importance of students mastering various languages including English, Arabic, Chinese as the main languages of the world and native languages.

Providing training for school dropouts.

Influence of ICT Development

The effects/impact:

Environment more conducive

Easily produce materials

media diversity

information in various

Social Problems CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS can be divided into 3 PARTS :

crime: stealing a bicycle, against teachers, fighting, gamble and steal test papers.

gangsterism : a member of the gang, collect money 'pau' from other students, come fight with another group, forcing other groups to become members of the group in the gang and behave like thugs.

Rude/disrespectful: smoking cigarettes, harassing girls, prefects, noise in the classroom, drinking alcohol, lying, long hair, obscene words, and keep/ watch pornographic movies and others.

CAUSES Globalization and modernization

The collapse of the family institution Mass-media Legal (weak) behavior/attitude of teenagers Parental attitudes

Addressing/curbing social ills

The role of parents Provisions of the law academic approach religious education The role of the community

Report & Analysis Related to National Educational achievement

TOPIC 2) TEACHERS AND LAWS

PERATURAN-PERATURAN PEGAWAI AWAM (KELAKUAN DAN TATATERTIB) 1993   (PINDAAN 2002)  

PERATURAN 3A

Penjawat awam wajib mematuhi peraturan-peraturan yang telah ditetapkan dan tindakan tatatertib boleh dikenakan kepada pegawai yang ingkar

PERATURAN 3B

Seseorang pegawai dikehendaki memberi aku janji sebagaimana yang diperuntukkan dalam Peraturan-Peraturan Pegawai Awam (PU.A.176) Lantikan, Naik Pangkat dan Penamatan Perkhidmatan

PERATURAN 3C

Menjadi tanggungjawab seseorang pegawai untuk menjalankan kawalan dan pengawasan tatatertib ke atas pegawai bawahannya dan mengambil tindakan yang sesuai dengan segera terhadap mana pegawai yang melanggar mana-mana peruntukan peraturan-peraturan ini

PERATURAN     4 (1)

Seseorang pegawai hendaklah pada setiap masa memberikan taat setianya kepada Yang di- Pertuan Agong, Negara dan Kerajaan

PERATURAN 4(2) SESEORANG PEGAWAI TIDAK BOLEH

mmbelakangkan tugas awamnya demi kepentingan peribadinya;

berkelakuan dengan sedemikian cara yang mungkin menyebabkan kepentingan peribadinya bercanggah dengan tugas awamnya)

berkelakuan dengan apa2 cara yg mungkin menyebabkan syak yang munasabah

PERATURAN 6 – PAKAIAN

Memakai singlet atau baju-T, tanpa kolar

PERATURAN 9 : MENERIMA/ MEMBERI KERAIAN

Seseorang penjawat awam tidak boleh menerima / memberi keraian(bribe) sekiranya keraian itu dapat dengan apa-apa cara

Rules of Public Officers (Conduct and Discipline) has been introduced to serve as a guide for teachers and other public servants in the discharge of responsibilities.

THE RATIONALE FOR DISCIPLINE RULES

perform duties with competent, trustworthy and responsible put the public interest is more important than the interests of their own maintain the image of the public service to punish officers who committed the offense / violating rules

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EDUCATION ACT 1996

Aims - to strengthen the national education system in line with the needs and aspirations of Malaysia to become a center of educational excellence and world-class quality.

THE PURPOSE OF FORMULATING EDUCATION ACT 1996

using the same system of evaluation & exam. Islamic education is extended to all Muslim students. expand the jurisdiction of the Minister of Education. enhance/srengthen technical education. strengthen teacher training. private education more systematic. strengthening the tribal language

Section 17 (2) - national language as a compulsory subject in all schools.

Section 18 - all schools have to follow the national curriculum unless specifically exempted.

Section 19 - all schools to prepare students for Public Examination, unless specifically exempted

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Persons with Disabilities Act 2008

An Act to provide for the registration, protection, rehabilitation, development and wellbeing of persons with disabilities, the establishment of the National Council for Persons with Disabilities and for matters connected therewith.

Akta OKU ini juga memperuntukan perihal berkaitan pendaftaran, perlindungan, pemulihan, pembangunan dan kesejahteraan OKU

RECOGNIZING that persons with disabilities are entitled to equal opportunity and protection and assistance in all circumstances and subject only to such limitations, restrictions and the protection of rights as provided by the Federal Constitution

Access to education

(1) Persons with disabilities shall not be excluded from the general education system on the basis of disabilities, and children with disabilities shall not be excluded from pre-school, primary, secondary and higher education, on equal basis with persons or children without disabilities, including vocational training and lifelong learning.

(2) The Government and private educational providers shall, in order to enable persons and children with disabilities to pursue education

(3) The Government and private educational providers shall take appropriate steps and measures to enable persons and children with disabilities to learn life and social development skills in order to facilitate their full and equal participation in education

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TOPIC 3: EMOTIONAL STRESS AMONG PUPILS

CAUSES OF EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE

school environment The influence of family

Teaching style Peer influence

Events in the family teacher action

HOW TO DEAL WITH EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE

The role of parents teacher action

o Understanding of the interests and attitudes of students

o cooperation

o application of values

o clear explanation

teaching styles teacher leadership cheerful atmosphere

CHILDREN’S RIGHTS

all children have the right to learn together.

Children's rights: Section 17

Physically protected no persecution/abuse/maltreatment Healthy interacting/socializing health rights Convenience of food supply Avoid emotional abuse

CONVENTION ON CHILDREN’S RIGHT

Article 2: no discrimination Article 3: given protection Article 6: the right to life Article 13: freedom of expression Article 19: given the legal provisions Article 23: enjoy life Article 28: Right to education Article 29: the direction of education Article 30: the right in the community Article 32: protected economically Article 34: no exploitation

Early signs of Emotional Disturbance

EMOTIONAL ASPECTS increasingly difficult TO BE SEEN IN STUDENTS’ LIFE IS AS FOLLOWS:empathy is a deep understanding of other people express and understand feelings handle anger Survival or independent ability to adapt liked by others the ability to solve or eliminate problems between those who are around camaraderie friendliness attitude of respect

Anxiety and anger Difficult to show certain emotions Experience difficulties conflict

EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE can be categorized into three groups: mild emotional disturbance medium emotional disturbance serious emotional disturbance

CAUSES OF EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE school environment Teaching style Events in the family The influence of family Peer influence teacher action

Ways to overcome HOW TO DEAL WITH EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE The role of parents teacher action teaching styles teacher leadership Understanding of the interests and attitudes of students cooperation application of values cheerful atmosphere clear explanation

Children’s Right According to Human Rights, every citizen is entitled to education

all children have the right to learn together.

Children should not be belittled / discriminated

adults with disabilities, describe themselves as people who have survived in special schools, demanding an end to segregation.

there are no legitimate reasons to isolate/separate children from education.

THE RIGHTS OF EVERY CHILD IS AS FOLLOWS

to be born, to have a name and nationality

to have a family who will take care & love

to live in the community & environment safe and peaceful

to have enough food and body active and healthy

to get a good education & develop potential

to be given the opportunity to play and play

to be protected from abuse, exploitation, neglect, violence and danger

to be defended and given assistance by the government

to be able to express their own views

Children's rights: Section 17 Physically protected no persecution/abuse/maltreatment Healthy interacting/socializinghealth rights Convenience of food supply Avoid emotional abuse

TOPIC 4: Emotional Stress Among Teachers

Stress: unwanted emotions faced by teachers/individuals such as pressure, frustration, anxiety and anger.

Causes:

Unconducive workspace Disciplinary control Evaluated by others Conflicts with workers/colleagues Teaching unmotivated learners

STRESS LEVEL

1. The warning / alert:

Victims can penetrate living activities done but it is hard to concentrate on his behavior.?

2. Resistance Level

Need outside help

Inability to determine own behavior and life.

Internal intrinsic strength to withstand stress eroded

3. Severity / fatigue

No longer hold on to the reality of life

Always influenced by depression, lack of trust in others & selfish in everything they do.

STEPS TO HANDLE JOB STRESS

Increase social support in the workplace Practice positive thinking and rational Effective Communication Manage/Handle criticism well Effective anger management Solve problems effectively

Burn Out

Burnout is a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. Stress is your body’s response to CHANGE

Burnout reduces your productivity and saps your energy, leaving you feeling increasingly helpless, hopeless, cynical, and resentful. Eventually, you may feel like you have nothing more to give.

SIGNS OF BURN-OUT

Physical signs

Feeling empty and exhausted

Frequent headaches

Indigestion?

Insomnia

Behaviour

- Easily angered

- Sensitive

- Difficult to control mood

- Cry easily

- Feel the workload

BURN-OUT EFFECT

1. Emotional fatigue/exhaustion

Too tired to not be able to serve our customers, colleagues and family members Emotionally x stable, became depressed, sensitive, and a negative view of things or words

uttered by others,

2. Physical effects

Health affected Cardiovascular Isolating/withdrawing

3. Impact the organization

decrease productivity

Absentism / MCs Disciplinary cases / discipline increases.

MANAGING EMOTIONAL STRESS

Improve the environment - workplace, noise, odor, lighting, etc. Provide psychological support and counseling Improve time management skills Engage in religious matters Relaxation skills Maintaining a balance healthy lifestyle Using effective communication skills

TOPIC 5: INNOVATION AND CHANGES IN EDUCATION

Innovative Teaching Strategy

Project Based Learning

Definition:

Learning activities using a centralized method where teachers give students a topic / problem to be discussed.

Features/ Characteristics

Student centered Solve problem occurring in real world Teachers as facilitators Emphasizing the concept of cooperation Giving focus on metacognitive Using alternative evaluation/ assessment Long term Combination of several subjects

Functions/Advatntages

Stimulate curiosity and interest in the topic given To integrate knowledge and skills based on multi-disciplinary module To get knowledge through self-learning To educate students to work and adapt to group work. To improve and develop skills communication among students. To build students capabilities to solve problems To encourage self-motivation, a sense of curiosity and think

To make the teaching and learning process fun and interesting.

The Steps

1. Assign the task2. Analyzing the problem

a. Identify the problem and find a way/solution.Example: read, discuss

3. Exploring the problema. Investigate the problems together after gathering information

4. Relating (build the relation)a. Discuss problems encountered during learning processb. Conclusions and comparisons with similar problemsc. Propose a solution

5. Reflectiona. What worked and not successfully implementedb. What will be modified

Problem Solving Based Learning

characteristics similar to Project-based Learning

Characteristics Action Rational

Student-centered and in form of experiences

-Select authentic task based syllabus -compatible with student interests -students find and analyze information

Relevancy is the most basic element of motivation to make the students towards self-directed

Inductive Learning through problem solving

Learning more 'depth' occurs when the information has been

processed/consolidated through meaningful context

Challenging the existing knowledge

Using knowledge to test expectations, strategies and facts

Learning occurs when there is a conflict between past experience and new information

Specific and contextual

Choose story that takes place in the real situation

Lessons will be remembered for a long time and understand more in depth

Problems that require meta-cognitive skills

Requires students to analyze the problem solving strategy

Require higher-order thinking ability (analysis, synthesis)

Build cognitive conflict

Problem solving that can create new problems to challenge the knowledge

Learning occurs when the conflict between existing knowledge and new information

Collaborative and interdependent

Do assignments in groups Sharing method to solve the problem and choose the most suitable way

The Steps

provide problem based on true story &explanation of the learning outcomes providing a safe learning environment providing guidance and strategy lesson provide the resource of learning the learning module enrichment and remedial resource multimedia resource hold reflection session

Electronic Based Learning

Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan komputer dan internet

Kelebihan: berlaku dimana-mana dan pada bila-bila masa

Kebaikan: Pemahaman dan penguasaan kemahiran dan pengetahuan baharu.

Types

1. Pembelajaran dalam talian sepenuh Jarak jauh -guru dan pelajar tidak bertemu -bahan sumber dimuatkan dalam talian -Interaksi dalam talian

2. Pembelajaran blended gabungan dalam talian dan interaksi bersemuka -pertemuan bersemuka secara berkala dalam bentuk turorial

-Cth:OUM

Types of communication occur in Electronic based learning

1. Synchronous (serentak) Chat rooms, video konferensi,telekonferensi

2. Asynchoronous ( x serentak) E-mel, SMS,MMS,forum maya, web

T&L material

Printed Video Audio

Characteristics

More students involve T&L based on students’ need & requirements anywhere, anytime Fulfill different learning style

Website Based Learning

Definition

Pembelajaran dalam talian yang menggunakan gabungan streaming video, persembahan power point, penerangan audio, dan perisian lain.

Advantages

Maklumat pembelajaran, penaksiran dan perkongsian idea dan pandangan Pembelajaran yang luas dan kaya Menyemak markah dan mendapat maklum balas secara langsung Memudahkan komunikasi antara guru dan pelajar

Use of Technology in T&L

Advantages

Make teaching more interesting and fun

Involves a variety of methods and materials

Applications requiring a variety of skills

the application of a variety of knowledge

Make teachers more creative

Improve the quality of the profession

Provide learning experiences

Learning opportunities more interesting

Increase student commitment

Create long distance teaching/learning

Suitable for all students

Involves the use of internet

More multimedia material

More Interactive materials

ideal for most methods

Maximum impact

The principles of technology in education

As teaching aids

Not just for entertainment

adjust to the topic and time

As a reference

mobile

idea organized

clearly seen

various colors

durable

Good results

Environmental educational development

DEVELOPMENTS IN LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

cultural changeadjusting to missionAccept all changesTowards a world-class educationTeachers need to be responsiveLifelong educationDistance educationtowards the organization progressIntegrate a variety of pedagogiesInfluence of learning styles

Good physical environmentNeed for a paradigm shiftproactive attitudeaccept technological developmentsFun for studentsNeed materials and mediaBoost the delivery systemto meet the current needs student-centeredUse a variety of media and effective management

4 TYPES OF CHANGES THAT NEED TO BE DONE BY TEACHERSShift towards an increase [perform tasks]Organizational strategic change [as a whole]Changes in reactive / proactive [to meet the needs of customers]Changes as a result of expectations [face new competitors]

Design Resources DESIGN FEATURES

meets the curriculum meet the needs of the education reasonable cost interesting the accuracy of the technique

THE STAGES

1. analysis of student

Consider the teaching objectives Criteria materials / resources use of resources student involvement ratings

2. planning the design of resources

The accuracy of the content by topics Implementation requirements pedagogical aspects technical aspects the learning process

ADVANTAGES

Meets the curriculumfulfilling the national education philosophyPromote the values, skills, knowledge & languageConsistent with the objectivesMore accurate and currentMore content-oriented and local features Formation of internal assessment

Meet the needs of education Promote integration Consider the ability of students + teachers Appropriate for the learning environment Implementation more professional Well designed interface can be customized

reasonable cost Exercise good judgment Selection and use based on effectiveness

interesting Quality graphics, video, animation, sound & noise,

display quality quality of color and lettering

Assessment & Evaluation Design

FEATURESFocus on growth and developmentOccur reciprocallyMoral valuesProcess of gathering informationConducted continuouslyTo identify students 'achievement, take action and develop students' potentialInteractive process of learningIncrease motivation and interest in learningFocuses on meaningful teaching

CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT 1. Assessment as learning - give an example - Proper guidance - Working with students - Internal feedback - Create a conducive environment

2. Assessment for learning- Rational Method- A clear statement- Show abilities and skills- Markers and general indicators- to rebuild strategy- A transparent method

TYPES OF ASSESSMENT SYSTEM school assessment centralized assessment assessment center examination Assessment based on activity psychometric tests

EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT METHODS

observations oral written work

TOPIC 6 : INNOVATION MANAGEMENT & EDUCATIONAL CHANGES

bring changes to meet the current needs solve problems developed student talent use variety of materials To attract students interest

Innovation in education

activities involving innovation & positive change in the implementation of curriculum & curricular activities related to the curriculum at the school.

The creative ideas in terms of working to improve the quality & productivity of the organization of the school.

Implementation of the curriculum - the effort to implement the curriculum through curriculum materials, technology, education, teaching and learning methods and assessment for learning.

Reform - ways, methods. Techniques & new approaches that enhance learning. Take into account the appropriateness of the cost, time, and energy usage.

Innovation in teaching and learning should involve:

The concept of creative and critical thinking

creative ingenuity/intelligencecreative action

Factor & stimulative elements of creativity Techniques of creative thinking Solving problems creatively

Adaptation Of Teachers Innovation - Use a variety of methods - to help students achieve the objectives of p & p. - Customize to the needs - a student's learning style, learning topics, types of knowledge, skills to be presented, the level of student achievement, learning environment, values & attitudes to cultivate

Features of creative educator Ability to vary p & p methods vary according to the abilities of pupils storytelling, role

playing, tours, mind maps, inquiry. Flexible & open in p & p - are willing to accept ideas, entertain pupil questions,

forgiving, like diversity in students behavior, talents, ideas. Use the latest tools - computers, software , Internet Adjust to situations Give students the opportunity to generate ideas

Criteria in innovation @ changes

Reduced operating costs Saving time - the use of ICT in teaching and learning Increased work output The increase of customers satisfaction (parental assessment on the management of the school)

Principles Of Innovation In Teaching

Decisions based on clear goals Helping colleague/ team

Share ideas Learning through experience Innovation should be sought Replicability See extent of have proven its replicability and can be used by individuals without the high cost Impact (outcomes)

Assessed through criteria efficient (efficiency & significant of an innovation) Efficiency - extent of effectiveness in contributing to the improvement of education in the

country. significant Fulfill its significance, gives an impact on the effectiveness & efficiency of p & p

Barriers to innovation in schools

Confrontational attitude to the school Difficulties for teachers to change practices Not sure using sophisticated equipment - electronic, computer technology, telecommunications Technophobia - fear of electronic media, fear of electronic equipment, fearing the teacher's role

is taken by the media Attitude Feel threatened - not confident doing new things Time & facilities - not enough time & convenience Different demographic Location of school limited expertise

Innovation: Underlying the Development of Education

Curriculum innovation - learning content, themes, aspects of learning, design and arrangement

of learning materials, strategies, implementation of the curriculum

Teaching innovation - methods, approaches, how, management, organization, planning &

implementation of teaching

Professionals innovations - personality, how & culture, efficiency, expertise, new practices,

new thinking, innovation adaptation

Thinking innovation - progressive development of the mind, an open mind, creative reading,

trigger ideas

Innovative learning environment - environment & a place to study

Management innovation - innovation in system management, relationship, support,

advancement of learning, problem solving

Technological innovation – contribute creativity in R & D, management of the school.