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Telefonica UK’s
LTE & Small Cell Trials
Robert Joyce
Chief Radio Engineer Telefonica UK
Telefonica UK Network Today • 2G (GSM) Network (Launched 1994)
No. Sites: >11,000
Coverage: 99% Population Coverage
Capacity: 5Gbps
Capability: Voice, Data (240kbps DL/100kbps UL)
• 3G (UMTS) Network (Launched 2004) No. Sites: >10,000 (U2100 & U900)
Coverage: >90% Population Coverage
Capacity: >50Gbps
Capability: Voice, Data (42Mbps DL/ 5.8Mbps UL)
• 4G (LTE) ...... Central London 4G Trial
No. Sites: 25
Coverage: 40km2
Coverage: 40km2
Capability: Voice, Data (150Mbps DL/50Mbps UL)
UMTS
Telefonica UK Radio Network Evolution
Small Cell Technology
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
4G1800/2600
4G800/900
3G900 /HSPA+
6 Sector
Cell Split
Year Microcells
Cell Split
6 Sector
Microcells
What do customers want from O2’s network? Coverage, Capacity & Capability
Why LTE?
Technology
• LTE = “Long Term Evolution” commonly referred to as 4G (e.g. 4G iPad) • O2’s trial is achieving peak downlink 100Mbit/s, with 30-50 Mbit/s typical • Compared to 3G, offers:
Customer experience
Higher peak user throughput
x10
x5
Decreased latency Higher spectral efficiency
x4
Faster data delivery for users
Shorter waiting times before data
starts flowing
Lower transmission costs per Mbit, so
users can have more data for their money
Telefonica Global LTE FDD Trials
Telefonica O2UK Slough Trial
• Understand the performance of LTE • Coverage (cell range, in building penetration) • Capacity (peak throughput, average throughput,
cell edge throughput, radio links/sec) • Mobility (LTE/LTE, LTE/3G, LTE/2G) • User experience (throughput/latency/services)
• Vendor benchmarking • Understand the maturity of the technology • Develop wider company understanding of LTE,
planning, deployment, operations, optimisation
Lab Phase Execution (2600)
Field Phase Execution (2600)
Friendly User Trials (2600)
May 09 June 09 Jul 09 Aug 09 Sep 09 Oct 09 Nov 09 Dec 09 Jan 10 Feb 10 Mar 10 Apr 10 May 10 Jun 10
LTE800Trials
O2UK Trial – Network Overview (LTE2600)
Heathrow Airport
Central London
Basingstoke SAE Core
Slough LTE RAN
LTE Slough 2009: LTE2600 Radio Coverage Prediction
LTE Slough 2009: Huawei LTE Equipment Overview (Test Lab)
Remote Radio Units x3
Baseband Unit x2
S-GW/PDN-GW
MME (Mobility Management Entity)
HSS (Home Subscriber Server)
Application Server
Entire SAE Core Contained in 2 Racks
LTE Slough 2009: Typical GSM/UMTS/LTE Site Configuration – Cab Area
3G BTS 2G BTS LTE (MultiRAN)
BTS
Power
LTE BBU
Area for future expansion
Typical GSM/UMTS/LTE Site Configuration – Tower Top
2100/2600 Antenna
2600 RET Actuator
900/1800 Antenna
LTE2600 RRUs x 3
NEC Ethernet Radio Backhaul
GSM/UMTS/LTE Internal O2 HQ Distributed Antenna System
3G BTS 2G BTS
4G BTS
LTE Slough 2009: O2UK Trial – Test UEs
Huawei LTE2600 Test UE
DL 50Mbs / UL 35Mbps
Samsung LTE2600 Test UE (Model Name: GT-B3710) DL 100Mbs / UL 50Mbps
(Cat 3 UE)
Selected LTE Trial Results
• Telefonica Trials aims are to understand the performance of LTE is terms of • Coverage • Capacity • Mobility • User experience/services
Selected LTE Trial Results
• Telefonica Trials aims are to understand the performance of LTE is terms of • Coverage • Capacity • Mobility • User experience/services
Selected LTE Trial Results - Coverage
Drive Test/Coverage Analysis
Refine Link Budget Planning Levels
Network Planning Site Count Estimation Network Coverage Maps
05
101520253035404550
90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
RLC
Thr
ough
put[M
bps]
PathLoss[dB]
RLC Throughput vs. PathLoss (20MHz DL, OL)
UE is limited to 50Mbps so x2 for a 100Mbps UE
Selected LTE Trial Results – Coverage (Huawei UE)
Good Coverage 40Mbps
Medium Coverage 20Mbps
Poor Coverage 5Mbps
Selected LTE Trial Results
• Telefonica Trials aims are to understand the performance of LTE is terms of • Coverage • Capacity • Mobility • User experience/services
Selected LTE Trial Results – Predicted Capacity
Average Cell Throughput (Mbps) in 5MHz Carrier
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
HSPA R6 RakeRx
HSPA R6 Type3 Rx
HSPA R764QAM
HSPA R7 2X2MIMO
HSPA R8 DC LTE R8 2X2MIMO
LTE R8 2X4MIMO
LTE R8 4X4MIMO
Technology
Ave
rage
Cel
l Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Selected LTE Trial Results - Capacity
vs.
x4 Bandwidth x? Capacity Improvement
HSPA+ Modem LTE Modem
Selected LTE Trial Results – Capacity (Peak Cell Throughput)
134.99 135.40
63.11 64.10
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
DL FTP DL UDP UL FTP UL UDP
App
licat
ion
thro
ughp
ut(M
bps)
Peak Cell Throughput Rate for 20MHz Bandwidth
Peak cell application throughput of 135Mbps and 64Mbps measured in Lab & Field
Selected LTE Trial Results – Capacity (Average Cell Throughput)
Loaded (70% DL load) cell application throughput of 25Mbps in Lab & Field, compared to around 2-3Mbps in a loaded HSPA network (x2.5 more spectrally efficient)
UE Locations
Selected LTE Trial Results
• Telefonica Trials aims are to understand the performance of LTE is terms of • Coverage • Capacity • Mobility • User experience/services
Selected LTE Trial Results – Mobility (LTE<->LTE)
LTE/LTE Handover Success Rate (HOSR) seen in field extremely high >99.9% Downlink Interruption Time ≈ 45ms
LTE<->3G Handover testing awaiting multi-mode UEs
Selected LTE Trial Results
• Telefonica Trials aims are to understand the performance of LTE is terms of • Coverage • Capacity • Mobility • User experience/services
Selected LTE Trial Results – User Experience (Throughput)
Comparative drive test around Slough 3G HSPA 7.2Mbps dongle vs. 4G Samsung 100Mbps Dongle
WCDMA
LTE
kbps
kbps
Average Throughput = 1.5Mbps
Average Throughput = 20Mbps
LTE 2012 London Trial Coverage Map
AVM FritzBox LTE
LTE 2012 Friendly User Trials - Devices
Samsung GT-B3730 BandLuxe R501
Huawei E589
LTE 2012 Friendly User Trials - Feedback
O2: “I don’t bother with the company LAN anymore Wi-Fi or cable as this is faster”
Media: “We’ve already streamed live feeds over the 4G trial network”
Consumer: “Why do I pay BT £15 per month for 2Mbps?”
O2UK LTE Trial Stats
O2UK LTE Trial Stats
O2UK 4G Speed Test
Small Cell Technology
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
4G1800/2600
4G800/900
3G900 /HSPA+
6 Sector
Cell Split
Year Microcells
Cell Split
6 Sector
Microcells
What do customers want from O2’s network? Coverage, Capacity & Capability
Telefonica UK Network of Tomorrow: Small Cells
REC/12/062, Issue 1, 26/06/12 Confidential 35
Trafalgar Square - Installs
REC/12/061, Issue 1, 14/06/12 Confidential 36
Trafalgar Square - Installs
REC/12/061, Issue 1, 14/06/12 Confidential 37
Trafalgar Square - Installs
REC/12/061, Issue 1, 14/06/12 Confidential 38
Data Traffic Forecast - Global
Data Traffic Increase in Cities is expected to by > x50
Data Traffic Distribution London
Telefonica UK Macro Site Evolution
3G and 4G will deliver a x8 Capacity Increase on Macrocells x50 will be required in the high traffic areas
Small cells are the only option
Technology @ Site Peak User Throughput
Cumulative Average Site Throughput
4G+ (2015) – LTE-A + HSPA++ 150Mbps 160 Mbps
4G (2013) – LTE + HPSA+ 100Mbps 110 Mbps
3G HSPA+ (2012) – HSPA+42 17.7 Mbps 25.2 Mbps
3G HSPA (2011) – HSPA 14.4 17.7 Mbps 18.9 Mbps
3G (2004) – HSPA 3.6 6 Mbps 5.4 Mbps
2G (2000) - GPRS/EDGE 40 kbps 120kbps
Site Throughput Capacity x8
42
3G Macrocell
Limited to 7 macrocells within 1x1km area
2100 MHz (1) – 1st carrier 2100 MHz (2) – 2nd carrier Network 2011
Macrocell
Microcell Picocell
Busiest 200x200m area requires 6 microcells
plus 3 carrier picocells/public femto
cells
Busy areas require 50m radius microcells
Limited to 7 macrocells within 1x1km area
Microcell range limited to 150m due to building
loss and corner loss
All microcell deployed with 3 carriers (2xU2100 1xLTE2600).
2100 MHz (1) 2100 MHz (2)
900 MHz (1) 900 MHz (2)
800/1800/2600 MHz Network 2015
2009-2010: Street Level “Micro” Cells Upgrading of 2G Street Level Microcells to 3G Micro
Macrocell equipment andNTE Located in basement/store cupboard
Bellbox antenna
Street Level
RF Feeder
Erla
ngs
Cell
Microcell/Macrocell RSCP
-80.0
-70.0
-60.0
-50.0
-40.0
-30.0
-20.0
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200
Distance (m)
RSCP
(dBm
)Macro RSCP [dBm]Micro RSCP [dBm]
•Landlords •Volumes
•Cost •Time •Maintenance •Transmission •Technology
•Traffic Capture
•Macrocell •Shared Carrier
Traditional Microcell: Very High Cost per kE/Mbps/km2
2011: Small Cell TCO Modelling
3rd Party Pole, Public Indoor Femto & WLAN looking most promising
2011: O2 wifi
3rd Party Pole, Public Indoor Femto & WLAN looking most promising
Public Wifi ... but also exclusive access to Central London Street Furniture
2012: O2 Metro Wifi Deployment Areas
All priority areas to be delivered by Summer 2012
High Level Delivery Plan with Planning after Design Approval
04-D
ec
11-D
ec
18-D
ec
25-D
ec
01-J
an
08-J
an
15-J
an
22-J
an
29-J
an
05-F
eb
12-F
eb
19-F
eb
26-F
eb
04-M
ar
11-M
ar
18-M
ar
25-M
ar
01-A
pr
08-A
pr
15-A
pr
22-A
pr
29-A
pr
06-M
ay
13-M
ay
20-M
ay
27-M
ay
May-12Apr-12Dec-11 Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12
RFP
Issue
d
RFP
Resp
onse
s
RFP
Decis
ion
Generic Design & Development - Street to Data Centre (Core)
Power to site design
Backhaul orders placed & Delivered - BT etc
RF Kit - AP Design, including Antennas
Backhaul DesignMesh Design
Macro - Data Centre (Core) Design
Micro - Macro Design
Power to AP site order & Delivery
Site Surveys Ph 1a
Local Authority Planning Approval
Local Network Design -Exhibition Rd - Ph 1a
1st batch of vendor street units delivered
Hub Survey & Plan
Hub Deployment - A end
Site
AP
& Ba
ckha
ul De
ploym
ent -
Exhib
ition
Rd -
Ph 1
a
Optim
isatio
n -P
h 1a
y
Bank
Hol
iday
Ba
nk H
olid
ay
Bank
Hol
iday
y
Bank
Hol
iday
Ba
nk H
olid
ay
Bank
Hol
iday
Power to AP site order & Delivery
Site Surveys Ph 1b
Local Authority Planning Approval
Local Network Design -Ph 1b
Vendor street units delivered
Hub Survey & Plan Hub Deployment - A endSite AP & Backhaul Deployment -Ph 1b
Optimisation Ph 1b
RFP
Resp
onse
s
RFP
Decis
ion
Planning Approval
Small Cells Small cells Rio Style!
Confidential 50
Example Install: Parliament Square
Transmission Hub (7762)
Access Point (8800)
Type 1 Install Type 2 Install
Access Point and Transmission Equipment
Ruckus 7762 5GHz Remote Terminal (Wi-Fi)
239x195x141mm Weight 1.9kg
Ruckus 8800 Access Point (Wi-Fi/Cellular)
380x310x170mm 10kg
Access Point
Ruckus 8800 Access Point (Wi-Fi/Cellular)
380x310x170mm 10kg
UK Small Cells – The Future (Wifi + Femto)
Adaptor plates attaches to Wifi unit with two Flat head M6 screws per side
ALU Femto Unit mounts to adaptor plates.
High Level Design - Project Metro Network Architecture - plan A
O2 O2
O2
O2
O2
O2 O2
Hilton Park Lane
CBNL P-MP Microwave
28GHz
BT NTE
O2 WiFi Core Network /
Data Centre Hemel Hempstead
O2 Existing O2 Macro Site
Point to Multi Point Dish
Ruckus Radio Access Point
Street Lighting Column with Ruckus WiFi Access Point
28GHz
28GHz
28GHz
28GHz
5GHz
5GHz
5GHz
Ruckus / AWTG
CBNL / CSL BT Ethernet
Fibre Link
High Level Design - Project Metro Network Architecture - plan B
O2
O2
O2
Hilton Park Lane
BT Ethernet Fibre Link
CBNL P-MP Microwave
28GHz
BT NTE
O2 Existing O2 Macro Site
Point to Multi Point Dish
Ruckus Radio Access Point
Street Lighting Column with Ruckus WiFi Access Point
5GHz
5GHz
Ruckus / AWTG
CBNL / CSL
X
BT Fibre to Post
Virgin Fibre to Post
O2 WiFi Core Network /
Data Centre Hemel Hempstead
O2
28GHz
28GHz
High Level Design – Exhibition Road
High Level Design – Exhibition Road • Target Outdoor RxLev >= -90dBm. • The design consists of 9 APs. • The design will deliver an estimated
capacity of 9x15Mbps = 135Mbps within the planned coverage area.
• Therefore delivering 1350Mbps/km2
• Already shown 50Mbps DL & UL
during initial testing
Exhibition Road: Banner Design
Exhibition Road: Actual Install
Exhibition Road: Actual Install
London Small Cells – High Density (HD) Femto Deployment
London Small Cells – High Density (HD) Femto Deployment
Telefonica UK has only 10MHz of U2100 spectrum and therefore has to share a carrier between Macro and Femto layers For some time now we have been studying
the feasibility of deploying a dense Femto layer under a macrocell And more recently we have deployed what
we believe to be the world’s densest Femto cell deployment
Plot of Best Server HS-DSCH Throughput (Mbps)
Dis
tanc
e in
bin
s1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25
London Small Cells – High Density (HD) Femto Deployment
London Small Cells – High Density (HD) Femto Deployment
11 Plots 65 Blocks (1 – 8 blocks per plot) 564 Floors (7 – 11 floors per block) 2818 apartments (typically 6 per floor) Up to 16,962 beds
1. External CW Testing This identified that the building penetration loss was in the order of 20dB for 900MHz and 30dB for 2100MHz. Therefore an in-building solution would be required to provide assured service to users. Subsequent O2 propagation modelling indicated that approx 20% of accommodation was likely to experience acceptable 3G (2100MHz) service if the two proposed external macrocells are built. This reduces to 11% if they are not built. For GSM900 the predicted coverage is approximately 40% with and 20% without macrocells. 2. Internal CW testing This confirmed that two antennas (DAS or Femto) radiating +10dBm at 2100MHz could cover all rooms on a typical floor to RSCP -85dBm or better. One antenna would cover to -105dBm or better. Central riser and apartment service cupboard locations were equally effective. Penetration loss between floors was approximately 20dB meaning that floors could be covered in relative isolation from each other. 3. Femto-cell trial Confirmed that two ALU Enterprise Femto-cells, each located in a selected apartment service cupboard provides satisfactory 3G voice and data performance in all rooms on a single typical floor. Further testing identified no issues with femtos interfering between floors.
London Small Cells – High Density (HD) Femto Deployment
Femto cell located within cupboard adjacent to BT Infinity Home Hub. Probably secured with cable ties to rear mesh (as shown by blue square) to minimise potential tampering and theft.
Femto Home Hub
London Small Cells – High Density (HD) Femto Deployment
London Small Cells – High Density (HD) Femto Deployment
London Small Cells – High Density (HD) Femto Deployment
Coverage provided via 1200 x ALU Enterprise V1.5 (100mW – 8 user) indoor femtocells with backhaul via BT Infinity FTTx. Deployment, testing and validation concluded. Alcatel-Lucent will provide a Managed Service to monitor and support the
Femto Gateway and CPE 24/7. High Density “Open” group deployment proven Densest Femtocell deployment in the world!
London Small Cells – High Density (HD) Femto Deployment
And Finally: Small Cells - Solar Pole Concept
Small Cells: Solar Pole Test & Build
Telefonica UK’s first Solar Powered 3G/4G/Wi-Fi Access Point
In Summary London “activities” in 2012 have accelerated the deployment of LTE &
small cells for Telefonica UK • 3rd Party Poles, Indoor open Femto and Wifi are the way forward • Proven that lamppost mounted small cells are feasible – London Lampposts • Both fibre and Microwave is suitable for backhaul • High Density Open Femto deployments are possible – London Femtos
Next steps
• Study further Femto/Wifi and Micro/Wifi integration • Study further the interaction with the Macro layers • Further prove 5GHz/Fibre, 5GHz/28GHz • Investigation of other small cell backhaul technologies
› VDSL › 28GHz Mesh, 60GHz P2P
2012 was the year of trialling and 2013 will the year of deployment!
