Telos Reva Datasheet

Telos

Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)

Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 1 of 26

Telos Ultra low power IEEE 802.15.4 compliant wireless sensor module Revision A : Humidity, Light, and Temperature sensors with USB

Product Description Telos is an ultra low power wireless module for use in sensor networks, monitoring applications, and rapid application prototyping. Telos leverages industry standards like USB and IEEE 802.15.4 to interoperate seamlessly with other devices. By using industry standards, integrating humidity, temperature, and light sensors, and providing flexible interconnection with peripherals, Telos enables a wide range of mesh network applications. With TinyOS support out-of-the-box, Telos leverages emerging wireless protocols and the open source software movement. Telos is part of a line of modules featuring on-board sensors to increase robustness while decreasing cost and package size.

Key Features • 250kbps 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4 Chipcon Wireless Transceiver • Interoperability with other IEEE 802.15.4 devices • 8MHz Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller (2k RAM, 60k ROM) • Integrated onboard antenna with 50m range indoors / 125m range outdoors • Integrated Humidity, Temperature, and Light sensors • Ultra low current consumption • Fast wakeup from sleep (<6µs) • Hardware link-layer encryption and authentication • Programming and data collection via USB • 12-pin expansion support and optional SMA antenna connector • TinyOS support : mesh networking and communication implementation

Telos



Table of Contents Module Description .......................................................................................................................3

Power ....................................................................................................................................4 Typical Operating Conditions ................................................................................................4 Block Diagram.......................................................................................................................5

Schematic .....................................................................................................................................6 Microprocessor .............................................................................................................................8

Description ............................................................................................................................8 Typical Operating Conditions ................................................................................................8 PC Communication ...............................................................................................................8 Programming.........................................................................................................................9 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................................11

Radio...........................................................................................................................................12 Description ..........................................................................................................................12 Typical Operating Conditions ..............................................................................................13 Measured Output Power .....................................................................................................13

Antenna.......................................................................................................................................14 Internal Antenna..................................................................................................................14 Internal Antenna without Battery Pack ................................................................................15 Internal Antenna with Battery Pack .....................................................................................15 Radiation Pattern ................................................................................................................16 SMA Connector...................................................................................................................17

Sensors.......................................................................................................................................18 Humidity/Temperature Sensor ............................................................................................18 Light Sensors ......................................................................................................................19 Expansion Connector..........................................................................................................20 Internal Temperature and Voltage Monitoring.....................................................................21

General Information ....................................................................................................................23 Document History................................................................................................................23 Product Status Definitions...................................................................................................23 Disclaimer ...........................................................................................................................24 Address Information ............................................................................................................25 Headquarters ......................................................................................................................25

Telos



Module Description The Telos module is a low power “mote” with integrated sensors, radio, antenna, microcontroller, and programming capabilities.

10-pin expansionconnector Humidity

TemperatureSensor(optional) Photosynthetically

Active RadiationSensor(optional)

Total SolarRadiationSensor(optional)

CC2420Radio Buffer isolating

USB frommicrocontroller

USBMicrocontroller

LEDs

USB Transmit LED

USB Receive LED

SMAAntenna

Connector(optional)

InternalAntenna

USB Connector

ResetSwitch

AtmelData Flash

(512kB)

USB Flash(2kb)

STData Flash

(128kB)(optional)

TI MSP430Microcontroller

32kHzCrystal

Figure 1 : Front and Back of the Telos module

Telos



Power Telos may be powered by two AA batteries. The module was designed to fit the two AA battery form factor. AA cells may be used in the operating range of 2.1 to 3.6V DC, however the voltage must be at least 2.7V when programming the microcontroller’s flash. Telos may also be used with a 2/3A sized battery. The 2/3A battery holder may be soldered to the positive terminal directly under the USB connector and the negative terminal next to the radio. Part BH2/3A-2-ND from Digikey (www.digikey.com) is proven to work with the Telos module. If the Telos module is plugged into the USB port for programming or communication, it will receive power from the host computer. The mote operating voltage when attached to USB is 3V. If Telos will always be attached to a USB port, no battery pack is necessary. The 10-pin expansion connector (described in the Sensors Section on page 18) can provide power to the module. Any of the battery terminal connections may also provide power to the module. At no point should the input voltage exceed 3.6V—doing so may damage the microcontroller, radio, or other components.

Typical Operating Conditions MIN NOM MAX UNIT Supply voltage 2.1 3.6 V Supply voltage during flash memory programming 2.7 3.6 V Operating free air temperature -40 85 oC Current Consumption: MCU on, Radio on 20.2 23 mA Current Consumption: MCU on, Radio off 420 1400 µA Current Consumption: MCU asleep 2.4 6 µA

Mechanical Characteristics MIN NOM MAX UNIT Width 1.24 1.27 1.29 in Length 2.55 2.58 2.60 in Height (without battery pack) 0.49 0.50 0.55 in

Caution! ESD sensitive device. Precaution should be used when handling the device in order to prevent permanent damage.

Telos



Block Diagram

TI MSP430 Microcontroller

CC2420 Radio2.4 GHz

IEEE 802.15.4 compliant

PCBAntenna

SMA Coax

4

USB 2.0UART/RS232Functionality

2

6

UART[1]P1.1/P2.2

2

ResetTCK

RX/TX RTS/DTR

2UART[0]

2I2C[0]

4ADC[0-3]

2GPIO

SPI[0] P1[0,3,4]P4[1,5,6]

HumidityTemperature

Sensor

PARSensor

TSRSensor

2-pinIDC header

ADC[4]

ADC[5]

I/O

Power

SPI I/O

10-pin

ID

C h

eader

Atmel Flash512kB (2.7V)

ST Flash128kB (1.8V)

SPI[0]I2C[0]

2 4

Pow

er

Figure 2 : Functional Block Diagram of the Telos Module, its components, and buses

Telos



Schematic 5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

D D

C C

B B

A A

DVCC

AV

CC

RE

SE

T

AD

C0

AD

C1

AD

C2

TC

K

ADC3

HU

M_

SD

A

DVCC

DVCC

VCCin

VCCin

LED1

RESET

LED2

LED3

DVCC

VCCin

HUM_SDA

HUM_PWR

HUM_SCL

AVCC

I2C

_S

DA

RA

DIO

_S

I

TM

S

TD

I

TD

O

VCCin

DAC0

SV

SO

UT

DV

CC FLASH_PWR

I2C_SDA

I2C_SCL

RADIO_SORADIO_SCLKRADIO_SI

FLASH_PWR FLASH_PWRFLASH_CS

FLASH_CS

FLASH_PWR

HU

M_

SC

L

HU

M_

PW

R

LE

D2

LE

D3

P_DVCC

LED1

ADC4

ADC4

ADC5

ADC5

UA

RT

1R

X

UART1TX

UART1TX

RA

DIO

_S

O

I2C

_S

CL

RA

DIO

_S

CL

K

UART1RX

UART0RX

UA

RT

0T

X

ADC0

ADC1

UART0RX

UART0TX

I2C_SCL

I2C_SDA

ADC3

GIO

0

ADC2

GIO0

GIO1

GIO

1

ADC4 ADC5

RADIO_CS

RADIO_GIO0

RADIO_GIO1

RADIO_SFD

RADIO_RESET

RADIO_VREF_EN

DVCC

P_DVCC

VCCin

RESET

TCK

PKT_INT

UART1TX

RADIO_SCLK

RADIO_SO

RADIO_SI

UART1RX

Title

Size Document Number Rev

Date: Sheet of

(c) Copyright 2004: UC Berkeley 1

Telos

B

1 3Wednesday, April 28, 2004

Title


Date: Sheet of


Telos

B


Title


Date: Sheet of


Telos

B


OPTIONAL

SVSIN

PROG

PROG

SVSOUT

LGA8

2uA Q, 2mA on

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

FLASH

MCU

SENSORS

POWER

LEDS

OPTIONAL

R7

470

R7

470

C6

0.1u

C6

0.1u

R10

10k

R10

10k

R16

0 open

R16

0 open

R14

0 open

R14

0 open

R1

100k

R1

100k

1 2

D6

Blue Clear - 404-1028-1-ND

D6

Blue Clear - 404-1028-1-ND

R5

5.1M

R5

5.1M

E12

E23

SCL6

WC7

VC

C8

VS

S4

SDA 5

U4

ST M24M01S

U4

ST M24M01S

R2

470

R2

470

R9

100

R9

100

11 2 2

U6

2pin Header

U6

2pin Header

DVcc1

P6.3/A32

P6.4/A43

P6.5/A54

P6.6/A65

P6.7/A76

Vref+7

XIN8

XOUT/TCLK9

VeREF+10

Vref-/VeREF-11

P1.0/TACLK12

P1.1/TA013

P1.2/TA114

P1.3/TA215

P1.4/SMCLK16

P1.5

/TA

017

P1.6

/TA

118

P1.7

/TA

219

P2.0

/AC

LK

20

P2.1

/TA

INC

LK

21

P2

.2/C

AO

UT

/TA

022

P2

.3/C

A0

/TA

123

P2

.4/C

A1

/TA

224

P2

.5/R

osc

25

P2.6

/AD

C12C

LK

26

P2.7

/TA

027

P3

.0/S

TE

028

P3

.1/S

IMO

029

P3

.2/S

OM

I030

P3.3

/UC

LK

031

P3.4

/UT

XD

032

P3.5/URXD0 33

P3.6/UTXD1 34

P3.7/URXD1 35

P4.0/TB0 36

P4.1/TB1 37

P4.2/TB2 38

P4.3/TB3 39

P4.4/TB4 40

P4.5/TB5 41

P4.5/TB6 42

P4.7/TBCLK 43

P5.0/STE1 44

P5.1/SIMO1 45

P5.2/SOMI1 46

P5.3/UCLK1 47

P5.4/MCLK 48

P5.5

/SM

CLK

49

P5.6

/AC

LK

50

P5

.7/T

Bo

utH

51

XT

2O

UT

52

XT

2IN

53

TD

O/T

DI

54

TD

I55

TM

S56

TC

K57

RS

T/N

MI

58

P6

.0/A

059

P6

.1/A

160

P6

.2/A

261

AV

ss

62

DV

ss

63

AV

cc

64

U0

TI_MSP430_F149

U0

TI_MSP430_F149

C2

0.1u

C2

0.1u

SI1

SCK2

RESET3

CS4 WP 5VCC 6GND 7

SO 8

U5U5

1 2

D4

Red Clear - 404-1017-1-ND

D4

Red Clear - 404-1017-1-NDR6

100k 1% open

R6

100k 1% open

R12

100k 1%

R12

100k 1%

1 2

L2

F Bead 240-1035-1

L2

F Bead 240-1035-1

C5

0.1u

C5

0.1u

C1

0.1u

C1

0.1u1

23 GND

X0

32kHz

GND

X0

32kHz

C310uFC310uF

R8

330

R8

330

1 2

D5

Green Clear - 404-1021-1-ND

D5


+ 1

- 2

+ 3

- 4

U1

2/3A & AA Power

U1

2/3A & AA Power

D2

S1087 Photodiode

D2

S1087 Photodiode

11 2 2

33 4 4

55 6 6

77 8 8

99 10 10

U2

10pin Header

U2

10pin Header

C4

0.1u

C4

0.1u

D3

S1087 Photodiode

D3

S1087 PhotodiodeR11

100k 1%

R11

100k 1%

SCLK 3VCC4

GND1 SDA 2

HUMIDITY/TEMP SENSOR

U3

SHT11

HUMIDITY/TEMP SENSOR

U3

SHT11

1 2

SW2

EVQ-P2K02Q

SW2

EVQ-P2K02Q

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

D D

C C

B B

A A

CC24K_AVDD

CC24K_DVDD3

CC24K_AVDD

CC24K_DVDD

CC

24

K_

AV

DD

CC

24

K_

DV

DD

3

CC

24

K_

AV

DD

CC24K_DVDD

CC24K_DVDD

CC24K_DVDD3

CC

24

K_

DV

DD

CC

24

K_

AV

DD

CC24K_DVDD3

CC24K_DVDDCC24K_AVDD

CC24K_DVDD3

CC24K_DVDD3

RADIO_RESET

RADIO_SFD

DVCC

RADIO_GIO0

PKT_INT

RADIO_SO

RADIO_SCLK

RADIO_SI

RADIO_CS

RADIO_GIO1

RADIO_VREF_EN

Title


Date: Sheet of


Telos

B

2 3Tuesday, April 13, 2004

Title


Date: Sheet of


Telos

B


Title


Date: Sheet of


Telos

B


CC2420 802.15.4 Wireless Radio

at 2.4GHz

isolation

use 50 ohm traces 1 2

L81

7.5n 5%

L81

7.5n 5%

1 2

L3

F Bead 240-1035-1

L3

F Bead 240-1035-1

C381

22p 5% np0

C381

22p 5% np0

X1

16MHZ - 16pf

X1

16MHZ - 16pf

C84

10n

C84

10n

1 2 3

A1CC2420_PCB_ANTA1CC2420_PCB_ANT

C7

0.1u

C7

0.1u

1

2

L61

7.5n 5%

L61

7.5n 5%

C86

68p

C86

68p

12

3

C73

5.6p +/-0.25p np0

C73

5.6p +/-0.25p np0

R476

10k

R476

10k

R472

1m

R472

1m

C82

68p

C82

68p

1

2

L62

5.6n 5%

L62

5.6n 5%

C87

0.1u

C87

0.1u C8

0.1u

C8

0.1u

C83

68p

C83

68p

R473

1m

R473

1m

C64

10uF LowESR < 5ohm

C64

10uF LowESR < 5ohm

C81

0.5p +/-0.25p np0

C81

0.5p +/-0.25p np0

VCO_GAURD1

AVDD_VCO2

AVDD_PRE3

AVDD_RF14

GND5

RF_P6

TXRX_SWITCH7

RF_N8

GND9

AVDD_SW10

NC11

NC12

NC

13

AV

DD

_R

F2

14

AV

DD

_IF

215

NC

16

AV

DD

_A

DC

17

DV

DD

_A

DC

18

DG

ND

_G

UA

RD

19

DG

UA

RD

20

RE

SE

Tn

21

DG

ND

22

DS

UB

_P

AD

S23

DS

UB

_C

OR

E24

DVDD3.3 25

DVDD1.8 26

SFD 27

CCA 28

FIFOP 29

FIFO 30

CSn 31

SCLK 32

SI 33

SO 34

DVDD_RAM 35

NC 36

AV

DD

_X

OS

C1

637

XO

SC

16_Q

238

XO

SC

16_Q

139

NC

40

VR

EG

_E

N41

VR

EG

_O

UT

42

VR

EG

_IN

43

AV

DD

_IF

144

R_

BIA

S45

AT

ES

T2

46

AT

ES

T1

47

AV

DD

_C

HP

48

GND_EX49

U10

CC2420

U10

CC2420

C85

0.1u

C85

0.1u

R474

10k

R474

10k

RF

1G

ND

2G

ND

3G

ND

4G

ND

5

A2

SMA

A2

SMA

C61

0.5p +/-0.25p np0

C61

0.5p +/-0.25p np0

R475

0

R475

0

C391

22p 5% np0

C391

22p 5% np0

R451

43k 1%

R451

43k 1%

C71

5.6p 10% x5r

C71

5.6p 10% x5r

Telos



5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

D D

C C

B B

A A

U_VCC

U_VCC

U_VCCU_AVCC

U_VCC3.3

USB+

USB-

EECSEESKEEDATA

U_VCC

U_VCCEECS

EESK

EEDATA

VCCin

RTS

DTR

P_DVCC

U_VCCU_VCC3.3

P_DVCC

P_DVCC

P_DVCC

P_DVCC

P_DVCC

DV

CC

TCK

RESET

preTEST

preRESET

UART1RX

UART1TX

TXD

RXD

RXDTXD

U_V

CC

3.3

RTS

DTR

U_V

CC

3.3

preRESET

DTRn

RTSnRTSn

preTEST

VCCinP_DVCC

DVCC

TCK

RESET

UART1RX

UART1TX

Title


Date: Sheet of


Telos

A

3 3Friday, April 23, 2004

Title


Date: Sheet of


Telos

A


Title


Date: Sheet of


Telos

A


OPTIONAL

Used for Reading Serial / ProgrammingConnects and Powered via USB

C23

0.1u

C23

0.1u

R29

100k

R29

100k

1OE1

1A2 1Y 3

2OE4

2A5 2Y 6

3OE10

3A9 3Y 8

4OE13

4A12 4Y 11

Vcc

14

Gnd

7

U29

SN74HC126

U29

SN74HC126

R23

27

R23

27

GN

D1

Vin 2Vout3

U25

TC55RP33

U25

TC55RP33

C2510uC2510u

1 2

L20

F Bead 240-1035-1

L20

F Bead 240-1035-1

4 4

3 3

2 2

1 1

U22

USB A

U22

USB A

R32

1m

R32

1m

1 2

D22

LLSD103A

D22

LLSD103A

12

D21


D21


R26

100

R26

100

12

D20


D20


C24

0.1u

C24

0.1u

C21

33n

C21

33n

R25

100

R25

100

3V3OUT6

USBDM8

USBDP7

RSTOUT#5

RESET#4

XTIN27

XTOUT28

EECS32

EESK1

EEDATA2

TEST31

AG

ND

29

GN

D9

GN

D1

7

SLEEP# 10PWREN# 15PWRCTL 14

RXLED# 11TXLED# 12TXDEN 16

RI# 18DCD# 19DSR# 20DTR# 21CTS# 22RTS# 23RXD 24TXD 25V

CC

IO1

3

VC

C2

6

VC

C3

AV

CC

30

U20

FT232BM

U20

FT232BM

C22

0.1u

C22

0.1u

R22

27

R22

27

C20

0.1u

C20

0.1u

R20

470

R20

470

CK1

D2 Q 3

GN

D4

Q 5

CLR6

PR7 VC

C8U26

TC7W74

U26

TC7W74

1A1

GN

D2

2A3 2Y 4

VC

C5

1Y 6

U24

SN74LVC2G04

U24

SN74LVC2G04

CS1

SK2

DIN3

DOUT4 GND 5

NC 6

NC 7

VCC 8

U23

93C46

U23

93C46

R27

2.2k

R27

2.2k

R24

1.5k

R24

1.5k

1

23 GND

X3

6M resonator

GND

X3

6M resonator

R28

10k

R28

10k

Figure 3 : Schematics for the Telos module (Rev A)

Schematic modifications:

• P4.3 on the TI MSP430 is tied to DVcc through a board rework. P4.3 should never be set as output and low, otherwise a short is created in the circuit.

• On the Atmel flash (part U5), pins 5 and 6 are connected together through a board rework.

• ADC3 is not physically connected to U2.10. Instead, GIO0 is connected to R14 and R14 is connected directly to U2.10.

Telos



Microprocessor Description The low power operation of the Telos module is due to the ultra low power Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller. This 16-bit RISC processor features extremely low active and sleep current consumption that permits Telos to run for years on a single pair of AA batteries. The MSP430 has an internal digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) that may operate up to 8MHz. The DCO may be turned on from sleep mode in 6µs, however 292ns is typical at room temperature. When the DCO is off, the MSP430 operates off an eternal 32768Hz watch crystal. Although the DCO frequency changes with voltage and temperature, it may be calibrated by using the 32kHz oscillator. In addition to the DCO, the MSP430 has 8 external ADC ports and 8 internal ports. The internal ports may be used to read the internal thermistor or monitor the battery voltage. A variety of peripherals are available including SPI, UART, digital I/O ports, Watchdog timer, and Timers with capture and compare functionality. The features of the MSP430 F149 are presented in detail in the Texas Instruments MSP430x1xx Family User’s Guide available at http://ti.com/msp430.

Typical Operating Conditions MIN NOM MAX UNIT Supply voltage during program execution 1.8 3.6 V Supply voltage during flash memory programming 2.7 3.6 V Operating free air temperature -40 85 oC Low frequency crystal frequency 32.768 kHz Active current at Vcc = 3V, 4MHz 420 560 µA Sleep current in LPM3 Vcc = 3V, 32.768kHz active 1.6 1.9 µA Wake up from LPM3 (low power mode) 6 µs

PC Communication Telos uses a USB controller from FTDI to communicate with the host computer. In order to communicate with the mote, the FTDI drivers must be installed on the host. FTDI provides drivers for Windows, Linux, BSD, Macintosh, and Windows CE. These drivers are included on the Moteiv CD shipped with your order. Windows users will need the Virtual Com Port (VCP) drivers. They may also be downloaded from FTDI’s website at: http://www.ftdichip.com/ After installing the driver, Telos appears as a COM port in Windows’ device manager (or as a device in /dev in Linux, OSX, and BSD). Multiple Telos motes may be connected to a single computer’s USB ports at the same time. Each mote will receive a different COM port identifier. In the example below, one Telos is connected and assigned COM6 “USB Serial Port”. An application may read from Telos by opening the COM port assigned to the Telos mote. Telos communicates with the host PC through USART1 on the TI MSP430.

Telos



Figure 4 : Device Manager showing Telos installed as COM6

The motelist command line utility lists all of the Telos motes currently connected to a computer. This utility optionally lists previously connected motes that the system has cached. Invoke motelist with the -h option for more information. > motelist Reference CommPort Description ---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------- M4BR4Z37 COM6 Telos (Rev A 2004-04-27)

NOTE: Since Telos uses the USB interface for both programming and communication, spurious signals on the RTS or DTR lines of the COM port may cause the mote to reset. To prevent accidentally resetting the module, ensure that your communications application does not send RTS or DTR signals when opening and closing COM ports.

Programming The Telos module is programmed through the onboard USB connector. A modified version of the MSP430 Bootstrap Loader, msp430-bsl, programs the microcontroller’s flash. Telos has a unique hardware circuit that prevents the mote from spuriously resetting. This hardware circuit makes it necessary to have a special sequence sent to the module in order to program it. By invoking msp430-bsl, verify you have the patched BSL by looking for the “telos” keyword. > msp430-bsl MSP430 Bootstrap Loader Version: 1.39-telos-3 Use -h for help

Telos



To communicate with Telos, the MSP430 Bootstrap Loader requires a set of options to provide the proper signals to the microcontroller to initiate programming. For convenience, the options have been folded into a single Telos flag: --telos The Telos flag (--telos) simply expands the following options, which are functionally equivalent to using --telos: --invert-test --invert-reset --swap-reset-test --telos-latch To program a Telos module on COM3 (or /dev/ttyUSB2 in Linux) with an application image named app.ihex, invoke the MSP430 Bootstrap loader with the following options. > msp430-bsl --telos -c 2 -r -e -I -p app.ihex MSP430 Bootstrap Loader Version: 1.39-telos-1 Mass Erase... Transmit default password ... Invoking BSL... Transmit default password ... Current bootstrap loader version: 1.10 (Device ID: f149) Adjust SP. Load PC with 0x0C22 ... Transmit default password ... Patch for flash programming required! Load and verify patch ... Program ... 8374 bytes programmed. Reset device ... If you are using TinyOS, it has support for programming Telos. After compiling your application, you may install it with the following command > make telos install.x bsl,n Where x is the 16-bit address assigned to the mote and n is the COM port that Telos is currently using. Note that not including “bsl” or “bsl,n” will program automatically using the bsl to the first Telos mote found on the USB bus. For more information about the options in the MSP430 Bootstrap loader, invoke msp430-bsl with the -h option to display the help information.

NOTE: msp430-bsl starts counting from 0, but COM ports in Windows start counting at 1. If Telos is connected to COM3 in Windows, you must program it using “-c 2” or “bsl,2” when invoking msp430-bsl. In Linux, Telos will appear as /dev/ttyUSB2 and may be programmed using “-c 2” or “bsl,2”.

Telos



Block Diagram

Oscillator

SystemClock

32kHz

ACLK

SMCLK

CPU16 bit16 reg

multiply

Flash

RAM

12-bit ADC8 Channels<10µs Conv

16-bit bus

I/O Port 3/416 I/Os

I/O Port 1/216 I/Os

Interrupts

I/O Port 5/68 I/Os

MCLK

WatchdogTimer

15/16 bit

Timer A3 CC reg

ComparatorA

Timer B7 CC reg

USART0UART

SPI

USART1UART

SPI

CC2420 RadioInterrupts & SPI

PCUART via USB

Figure 5 : Block diagram of the TI MSP430 microcontroller and its connection to other peripherals

in the Telos module

Telos



Radio Description Telos features the Chipcon CC2420 radio for wireless communications. The CC2420 is an IEEE 802.15.4 compliant radio providing the PHY and some MAC functions. With sensitivity exceeding the IEEE 802.15.4 specification and low power operation, the CC2420 provides reliable wireless communication. The CC2420 is highly configurable for many applications with the default radio settings providing IEEE 802.15.4 compliance. Features and usage of the CC2420 is available in Chipcon’s datasheet at http://www.chipcon.com The CC2420 is controlled by the TI MSP430 microcontroller through the SPI port and a series of digital I/O lines and interrupts (see the Schematics on page 6 for more information). The radio may be shut off by the microcontroller for low power duty cycled operation. The CC2420 has programmable output power. Common CC2420 register values and their corresponding current consumption and output power are shown in Figure 6.

PA_LEVEL TXCTRL register Output Power [dBm] Current Consumption [mA] 31 0xA0FF 0 17.4 27 0xA0FB -1 16.5 23 0xA0F7 -3 15.2 19 0xA0F3 -5 13.9 15 0xA0EF -7 12.5 11 0xA0EB -10 11.2 7 0xA0E7 -15 9.9 3 0xA0E3 -25 8.5

Figure 6 : Output power configuration for the CC2420 The CC2420 provides a digital received signal strength indicator (RSSI) that may be read any time. Additionally, on each packet reception, the CC2420 samples the first eight chips, calculates the error rate, and produces a link quality indication (LQI) value with each received packet. A mapping from RSSI to the RF level in dBm is shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7 : Received Signal Strength Indicator mapping to RF Power [dBm]

Telos



Typical Operating Conditions MIN NOM MAX UNIT Supply voltage during radio operation (Vreg on) 2.1 3.6 V Operating free air temperature -40 85 oC RF frequency range 2400 2483.5 MHz Transmit bit rate 250 250 kbps Nominal output power -3 0 dBm Programmable output power range 40 dBm Receiver sensitivity -90 -94 dBm Current consumption: Radio transmitting at 0 dBm 17.4 mA Current consumption: Radio receiving 19.7 mA Current consumption: Radio on, Oscillator on 365 µΑ Current consumption: Idle mode, Oscillator off 20 µΑ Current consumption: Power Down mode, Vreg off 1 µΑ Voltage regulator current draw 13 20 29 µΑ

Measured Output Power The RF output power of the Telos module from the CC2420 radio is shown in Figure 8. For this test, the Telos module is transmitting at 2.405GHz (IEEE 802.15.4 channel 11) using the O-QPSK modulation with DSSS. The CC2420 programmed output power is set to 0 dBm. The measured output power of the entire modulated spectrum is 1.67 dBm.

2400 2401 2402 2403 2404 2405 2406 2407 2408 2409 2410-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Frequency (MHz)

Pow

er (

dBm

)

Ref Lvl

0 dBm

RBW 100 kHz

VBW 100 kHz

SWT 5 msUnit dBm

Center 2.405 GHz Span 10 MHz

Figure 8 : Measured RF output power over the modulated spectrum from the Telos module

Telos



Antenna Telos has two antenna options—and internal antenna built into the module and an external SMA connector for connecting to external antennas. By default, Telos is shipped with the internal antenna enabled. If an application requires an external antenna or a different directional pattern than the internal antenna, an SMA connector may be installed and an antenna may be connected directly to Telos’ SMA female connector. In order to switch between the internal antenna and the SMA connector, the capacitor at C73 must be moved from the two left pads to the two right pads connecting the radio to the SMA connector. This process may be completed quickly with a heat gun and tweezers by sliding the capacitor over to the adjacent pad once the solder begins to melt.

Figure 9 : Moving C73 to select between the internal antenna and the SMA connector

Internal Antenna Telos’ internal antenna is an Inverted-F microstrip design protruding from the end of the board away from the battery pack. The Inverted-F antenna is a wire monopole where the top section is folded down to be parallel with the ground plane. Although not a perfect omnidirectional pattern, the antenna may attain 50-meter range indoors and upwards of 125-meter range outdoors. Measurements of the internal antenna’s performance with and without a battery pack are show in Figure 10 and Figure 11. Approximate radiation patterns for the Inverted-F antenna as provided by Chipcon AS are shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13.

To InternalAntenna

To SMAConnector

Telos



Internal Antenna without Battery Pack 2004/05/27 Thr 5:35:28

CH1 S11MKR 1: 2.5GHz

3:2.400 000GHz 22.551 16.105 1.068nH2:2.450 000GHz 50.490 20.549 1.334nH1:2.500 000GHz 56.303 -7.865 8.093pF

1

2

3

CENTER 2.45GHz [ 10.00 dBm] SPAN 300MHz

-7.865

SMITH(R+jX) FS 1.000

56.303

Cor

2004/05/27 Thr 5:35:47


3:2.400 000GHz -7.547 dB2:2.450 000GHz -13.616 dB1:2.500 000GHz -20.298 dB

1

2

3


LOG MAG REF 0.000 dB 5.000 dB/

-20.298 dB

Cor

Figure 10 : S11 measurements for the internal inverted-F antenna when no battery pack is present

Internal Antenna with Battery Pack 2004/05/27 Thr 5:25:43



1

2

3


-39.127


63.293

Cor

2004/05/27 Thr 5:26:11



1

2

3



-9.334 dB

Cor

Figure 11 : S11 measurements for the internal inverted-F antenna with battery pack underneath

Telos



Radiation Pattern

Figure 12 : Radiated pattern of the Inverted-F antenna with horizontal mounting (from Chipcon AS)

Figure 13 : Radiated pattern of the Inverted-F antenna with vertical mounting (from Chipcon AS)

Telos



SMA Connector The SMA connector is a surface mount female coax connector for attaching an external antenna. The default Telos configuration does not include the surface mount SMA connector. The connector may be purchased separately from Allied Electronics (http://www.alliedelec.com). The manufacturer’s part number is 142-0711-201 from Johnson Components. The performance of the SMA connector is independent of the presence of the battery pack. The S11 network analyzer measurements for the SMA connector performance are shown in Figure 14.

2004/05/27 Thr 5:29:21



1

2

3


-27.969


94.938

Cor

2004/05/27 Thr 5:28:59



1

23



-9.088 dB

Cor

Figure 14 : S11 measurements of the SMA connector (minimal variance with/without battery pack)

Telos



Sensors Humidity/Temperature Sensor The optional humidity/temperature sensor is manufactured by Sensirion AG. The SHT11 and SHT15 models may be directly mounted on the Telos module in the U3 component position. The SHT11/SHT15 sensors are calibrated and produce a digital output. The calibration coefficients are stored in the sensor’s onboard EEPROM. The difference between the SHT11 and SHT15 model is that the SHT15 produces higher accuracy readings as shown in Figure 16. The sensor is produced using a CMOS process and is coupled with a 14-bit A/D converter. The low power relative humidity sensor is small in size and may be used for a variety of environmental monitoring applications. More information can be found in the SHT1x datasheet available at http://www.sensirion.com

Parameter MIN TYP MAX UnitsHumidity Resolution 0.5 0.03 0.03 %RH 8 12 12 Bit Repeatability ±0.1 %RH Range 0 100 %RH Temperature Resolution 0.04 0.01 0.01 oC 0.07 0.02 0.02 oF 12 14 14 bit Repeatability ±0.1 oC ±0.2 oF Range -40 123.8 oC -40 254.9 oF

Figure 15 : Sensirion relative humidity and temperature performance specifications

%RH

Relative Humidity absolute accuracy

± 0

± 1

± 2

± 3

± 4

± 5

0 30 402010 8050 10070 9060

%RH

SHT15

SHT11

Temperature accuracy

0 °C

±1 °C

±2 °C

-40°C 0°C 40°C 80°C 120°C

±3 °C

0 °F

±1.8 °F

±3.6 °F

±5.4 °F

-40°F 32°F 104°F 176°F 248°F

SHT11

SHT15

Figure 16 : Accuracy of Sensirion relative humidity and temperature sensors (courtesy Sensirion)

Telos



Light Sensors A variety of light sensors may be used with Telos. Telos (rev A) has connections for two photodiodes. Moteiv currently uses photodiodes from Hamamatsu Corporation (http://www.hamamatsu.com) If your mote is populated with light photodiodes, the default diodes are the S1087 for sensing photosynthetically active radiation and the S1087-01 for sensing the entire visible spectrum including infrared. The S1337 high precision photodiode may be substituted for the S1087-01. Although these photodiodes from Hamamatsu have been tested with Telos, any photodiode with similar physical dimensions may be used with Telos.

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.7

200 400 600 800 1000

WAVELENGTH (nm)

PH

OT

O S

EN

SIT

IVIT

Y (

A/W

)

(Typ. Ta=25oûC)

0.5

0.6

S1087

S1087-01

QE=100 %

0.1

0190 400 600 800 1000

0.3

0.2

(Typ. Ta =25oC)

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

S1337-BQS1337-BQ

PH

OT

O S

EN

SIT

IVIT

Y (

A/W

)

WAVELENGTH (nm) Figure 17 : Photo Sensitivity of the Light sensors on Telos (from Hamamatsu)

Telos



Expansion Connector Telos has two expansion connectors and a pair of onboard jumpers that may configured so that additional devices (analog sensors, LCD displays, and digital peripherals) may be controlled by the Telos module. On the opposite side of the board from the USB connector is a 10-pin IDC header at position U2. This is the primary connector and provides digital and analog input and output lines. Peripherals may be connected to the 10-pin connector using an IDC header, an IDC ribbon cable, or by designing a printed circuit board that solders directly on to the IDC header providing a robust connection to the module.

Figure 18 : Functionality of the 10-pin expansion connector (U2).

Alternative pin uses are shown in gray.

21Analog Input 4 (ADC4) Analog Input 5 (ADC5)

Figure 19 : Functionality of the 2-pin expansion connector (U6).

The analog voltage port is intended for use as output and should not be used to power the mote. AVcc is conditioned with an RC-filter and a pi-filter to remove noise in the sourced signal. As a result of the filters, there is a 470 ohm current limiting resistor. Currents larger than 10mA should not be sourced through this connector. If larger currents are required, replace R2 (located on the bottom of the module) with a 0 ohm resistor or an appropriately calculated value to source the required current. If the UART is not used, the UART pins on the microcontroller may be used as general purpose digital I/O pins instead.

NOTE: The I2C pins are shared with the radio’s data input pin and the radio clock. Care must be taken by application developers to multiplex operations on the I2C bus and the radio.

2

43

65

87

109

1Analog VCC (AVcc)

Analog Input 0 (ADC0)

Analog Input 1 (ADC1)

Analog Input 2 (ADC2)Exclusive Digital I/O 1 (GIO1)

Analog Ground (Gnd)

UART Receive (UART0RX)

UART Transmit (UART0TX)

I2C Clock (I2C_SCL) Shared Digital I/O 2 (GIO2)I2C Data (I2C_SDA) Shared Digital I/O 3 (GIO3)

Exclusive Digital I/O 0 (GIO0)

Telos



If expansion pin 10 (ADC3) is used for digital I/O instead of analog inputs, R14 must be populated with a 0 ohm resistor to enable the pin for digital I/O (GIO0) on the microcontroller. R16 must be populated with a 0 ohm resistor to enable GIO1. R14 and R16 are located on the bottom side of Telos directly next to the microcontroller.

The second expansion connector labeled U6 is located directly next to the photodiodes. This connector may only be used if the photodiodes are not installed; otherwise the ADC readings will be unpredictable and tied to the photodiode output. U6 simply exports two additional ADC channels for applications required the full ADC functionality of the Telos module.

Internal Temperature and Voltage Monitoring The MSP430 microcontroller has internal temperature and voltage sensors that may be used through the microcontroller’s ADC interface. The voltage port (input 11) on the 12-bit ADC monitors the output from a voltage divider. For Telos motes with serial numbers prior to M4BR6CR6 (serial numbers can be found by running the motelist utility while Telos is connected), there is an external 470 ohm resistor on the input to AVcc. As a result, the voltage port is not an exact voltage divider. The error on the input readings for motes prior to M4BR6CR6 is +/- 8 ADC counts. The schematic and formula to calculate the voltage are shown below. For Telos Rev A motes with serial numbers after M4BR6CR6, there is no 470 ohm resistor prior to AVcc input and ADC port 11 reads exactly 1/2 DVcc.

ADC11

DVcc

R2470

R

R

Voltage monitoring for Telos motes prior to serial number M4BR6CR6.

ADC11

DVcc

R

R

Voltage monitoring for Telos motes including and subsequent to serial number M4BR6CR6.

NOTE: When R14/R16 is populated (GIO0/GIO1 enabled), ADC3/ADC2 will not provide reliable readings if an application reverts to using the ADC input instead of the digital I/O port input on the microcontroller. R14/R16 should be removed when using ADC3/ADC2 for analog input.

Telos



Converting the ADC units to a voltage reading can be done with the following formulas: For motes with serial numbers prior to M4BR6CR6:

Ω≈

++××=

1175RR

470RRV4096

ADCCountsDVcc ref

For motes with serial numbers including and subsequent to M4BR6CR6:

RR2V

4096ADCCountsDVcc ref ××=

The temperature input is internal ADC port 10. It consists of an uncalibrated diode. When using the temperature sensor, the sample period must be greater than 30 µs. The temperature sensor offset error can be large, and may need to be calibrated for most applications. The typical response of the temperature sensor is shown in Figure 20.

Cels ius

Volts

0 50 100

1.000

0.800

0.900

1.100

1.200

1.300

–50

0.700

VTEMP=0.00355(TEMPC)+0.986

Figure 20 : Typical response of the internal temperature sensor. Results vary and the sensor

should be calibrated for most applications. Response curve from Texas Instruments.

Telos



General Information Document History Revision Date Notes 1.0 2004/05/31 Initial Release 1.01 2004/06/16 Included information about calculating voltages from the internal ADC

voltage port and temperature from the internal temperature port on the MSP430 microcontroller. Fix: Schematic modifications from product assembly rework. Fix: S1337-BQ may be substituted for the S1087-01.

1.02 2004/07/14 Error: ADC3 is not connected to U2.10 as the schematic depicts Updated Address and Phone information

1.03 2004/08/14 Added mechanical characteristics

Product Status Definitions Data Sheet Identification Product Status Definition Advance Information Planned or under

development This data sheet contains the design specifications for product development. Specifications may change in any manner without notice.

Preliminary Engineering samples or first production

This data sheet contains preliminary data, and supplementary data will be published at a later date. Moteiv reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product.

No Identification Noted Full production This data sheet contains the final specifications. Moteiv reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product.

Obsolete Not in production This data sheet contains specifications on a product that has been discontinued by Moteiv. The data sheet is printed for reference information only. Moteiv no longer supports this product.

Telos



Disclaimer Moteiv Corporation believes the information contained herein is correct and accurate at the time of this printing. However, Moteiv Corporation reserves the right to make changes to this product without notice. Moteiv Corporation does not assume any responsibility for the use of the described product; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights, or the rights of others. This product is not designed for use in life support devices or any other system where malfunction can reasonably be expected to result in significant personal injury to the user. This product is not designed for critical systems where failure of the product to perform affects safety or effectiveness. Moteiv Corporation customers using or selling products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Moteiv Corporation for any damages resulting from improper use or sale. As far as possible, major changes of product specifications and functionality, will be stated in product specific errata notes published at the Moteiv website. The latest updates are available from the Moteiv website at www.moteiv.com or by contacting Moteiv directly.

Telos



Address Information Web site: http://www.moteiv.com E-mail: [email protected] Technical Support E-mail: [email protected] Phone Number: +1.510.965.1312 Fax Number: +1.510.295.2411

Headquarters Moteiv Corporation 7224 View Ave El Cerrito, CA 94530

Telos



© 2004 Moteiv Corporation

Documents

Telos Reva Datasheet