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    TTEMPORARYEMPORARYIINJUNCTIONNJUNCTION

    UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW & LEGAL STUDIES,

    GGSIPU.

    Project on

    Temporary Injunction

    Submitted by:

    Part Se!"a#

    I$t Se!e%ter

    ..A. LL..'HONS() Ro## No.* +-+/+0

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    INDEX

    Intro12ct3on444444444444444444444444444444./

    O5ject o6 te!7orar8

    3nj2nct3on44444444444444444444

    Part3e%

    3n9o#9e14444444444444444444444444444.

    -

    Pr3nc37#e%

    3n9o#9e144444444444444444444444444..-

    Grant o6

    Inj2nct3on44444444444444444444444444...-

    E: 7arte

    Inj2nct3on44444444444444444444444444..;

    reac o63nj2nct3on44444444444444444444444444;

    Inj2nct3on on 3n%2663c3ent

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    Te!7orar8 Inj2nct3on S23t 'Sa!7#e(

    44444444444444444>

    Introduction

    An injunction is a judicial process whereb a part is re!uired to do" or to re#rain #ro$ doin%"

    an particular act& It is a re$ed in the #or$ o# an order o# the court addressed to a particular

    person that either prohibits hi$ #ro$ doin% or continuin% to do a particular act 'prohibitor

    injunction() or orders hi$ to carr out a certain act '$andator injunction(&*An injunction

    co$$ands an act that the court re%ards as essential to justice" or it prohibits an act that is

    dee$ed to be contrar to %ood conscience& It is an e+traordinar re$ed" reser,ed #or special

    circu$stances in which the te$porar preser,ation o# the status !uo is necessar&-

    Injunction can be o# the #ollowin% tpes.

    Preli$inar/ Apreliminaryor temporary injunctionis a pro,isional re$ed that is

    in,o0ed to preser,e the subject $atter in its e+istin% condition& Its purpose is to pre,ent

    Halsburys Laws of England'>tE1n.( Vo#. =>, 7ara 0+.=tt7?@@#e

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    dis/solution o# the plainti##1s ri%hts& The $ain reason #or use o# a preli$inar injunction

    is the need #or i$$ediate relie#&

    Pre,enti,e Injunctions/ An injunction directin% an indi,idual to re#rain #ro$ doin% an

    act ispreventive, prohibitive, prohibitory" or negative.This tpe o# injunction pre,ents a

    threatened injur" preser,es the status !uo" or restrains the continued co$$ission o# an

    on%oin% wron%" but it cannot be used to redress a consu$$ated wron% or to undo that

    which has alread been done&

    Mandator Injunctions/ Althou%h the court is ,ested with wide discretion to #ashion

    injuncti,e relie#" it is also restricted to restraint o# a conte$plated or threatened action& It

    also $i%ht co$pel speci#ic per#or$ance o# an act& In such a case" it issues a $andator

    injunction" co$$andin% the per#or$ance o# a positi,e act& 2ecause $andator

    injunctions are harsh" courts do not #a,or the$" and the rarel %rant the$&

    Per$anent Injunctions/ Apermanentorperpetualinjunction is one that is %ranted b the

    jud%$ent that ulti$atel disposes o# the injunction suit" ordered at the ti$e o# #inal

    jud%$ent& This tpe o# injunction $ust be #inal relie#& Per$anent injunctions are

    perpetual" pro,ided that the conditions that produced the$ re$ain per$anent&3

    In the #ollowin% project we will #ocus on the concept o# temporary injunctions&

    Temporary Injunction

    Te$porar Injunction can be de#ined as"

    temporary injunctionn& a court order prohibitin% an action b a part to a lawsuit until

    there has been a trial or other court action& A te$porar injunction di##ers #ro$ a

    4te$porar restrainin% order4 which is a short/ter$" stop/%ap injunction issued pendin% a

    hearin%" at which ti$e a te$porar injunction $a be ordered to be in #orce until trial&

    /tt7?@@#a".jranB.or

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    The purpose o# a te$porar injunction is to $aintain the status !uo and pre,ent

    irreparable da$a%e or chan%e be#ore the le%al !uestions are deter$ined& A#ter the trial

    the court $a issue a 4per$anent injunction4 '$a0in% the te$porar injunction a lastin%

    rule( or 4dissol,e4 'cancel( the te$porar injunction&5

    In the Code o# Ci,il Procedure"*678" Order 999I9 Rule */ relatin% to te$porar injunctions

    pro,ides" in $aterial part" as #ollows.

    Cases in which temporary injunction may be granted

    :here in an suit it is pro,ed b a##ida,it or otherwise/

    a( that an propert in dispute in a suit is in dan%er o# bein% wasted" da$a%ed or

    alienated b an part to the suit" or wron%#ull sold in e+ecution o# a decree" or

    b( that the de#endant threatens" or intends" to re$o,e or dispose o# his propert with

    a ,iew to de#raudin% his creditors"

    c( that the de#endant threatens to dispossess the plainti## or otherwise cause injur

    to the plainti## in relation to an propert in dispute in the suit"

    the Court $a be order %rant a te$porar injunction to restrain such act" or $a0e

    such other order #or the purpose o# stain% and pre,entin% the wastin%" da$a%in%"

    alienation" sale" re$o,al or disposition o# the propert or dispossession o# the

    plainti##" or otherwise causin% injur to the plainti## in relation to an propert in

    dispute in the suit as the Court thin0s #it" until the disposal o# the suit or until #urther

    orders&

    Te$porar injunctions are %ranted on the basis o# a pri$a #acie case" until the case is heard and

    decided on its $erits& ;or instance" there $a be need to pre,ent #raudulent re$o,al or disposal

    o# propert" or wron%#ul sei

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    Object of temporary injunction

    Te$porar injunction is %ranted as in interi$ $easure on an application b the plainti## to

    preser,e the status !uo until the case is heard and decided& In %rantin% te$porar injunction" the

    court ta0es into consideration the pri$a #acie case o# the plainti##" nature and e+tent o# his

    injur" balance o# con,enience and the e+istence or otherwise o# the alternati,e re$ed&=

    =I. P. a%%e8,Administrative Law, tE1., Ea%tern ooB Co!7an8, L2cBno" '=++;(, 7 >=>.

    -

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    Parties involved

    Re%ardin% the point as to who $a appl #or such an injunction" it is not the plainti## alone who

    can appl& A de#endant $a also $a0e an application #or %rant o# an injunction a%ainst the

    plainti##&>

    An injunction $a be issued onl a%ainst a part and not a%ainst a stran%er or a third part&?It

    also cannot be issued a%ainst a court or judicial o##icer& Nor$all" injunction can be %ranted

    a%ainst persons within the jurisdiction o# the court concerned&8

    Principles Involved

    The principles %o,ernin% the %rantin% o# injunction are well/settled& The power is discretionar

    to be e+ercised on sound judicial principles&6The object is to preser,e while ri%hts are bein%

    liti%ated and the onus is on the plainti## to show his need #or the injunction& :here no ,iolation

    o# the ri%hts o# the plainti## was in,ol,ed" interi$ injunction could not be %ranted&*7

    The decidin% application #or interi$ injunction" the Court is to see onlprima faciecase" and

    not to record #indin% on the $ain contro,ers in,ol,ed in the suit" prejud%in% issue in the $ain

    suit" in the latter e,ent" the order is liable to be set aside&**

    Grant of Injunction

    It is well/settled principle o# law that interi$ order can alwas be %ranted in the aid o# and as

    ancillar to the $ain relie# a,ailable to the part on #inal deter$ination o# his ri%hts in a suit or

    -

    Rattu9.Mala, AIR 0-; Raj ==) Varghese 9.Joseph Thomas, AIR 0 TC=;-) Muniipal!orpn" of #reater $ombay9.$hagwan %a&haram %alas&ar, AIR 0> o! ==.L" '" Meston %hool %oiety 9. (ashi )ath, AIR 0 A## ;) *a&ira 9. Rumsu&hibai, AIR0>- Na< >=;? ILR 0>- Na< 0+;) Marwari %abha 9. (anhaya Lal, AIR 0/ A## =0;.;+" Ven&atahalan 9. Ra,agpala )aidu, AIR 0/= a1 +) T" A" Menon 9. (" +" +arvathi

    Ammal, AIR 0+ a1 //.0%ubba9. Ha,i, =- -;) %urendrasingh9. Lal, A 0 P ;) #anpati +la-a Maintenane%oiety 9. ("(" !omple. +vt" Ltd", =++= '( Raj LW ; ';( 'Raj(.+Hans Ra, 9.J"(" (hatri, AIR 000 De# />-.(alima +lasti +vt" Ltd" 9. H"+" *inanial !orpn", AIR =++ HP =0 '/(.

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    an other proceedin%&*-There#ore" a court undoubtedl possess the power to %rant interi$ relie#

    durin% the pendenc o# the suit&*3The Court has discretion as to whether or not to %rant an

    Injunction& A 0e #actor is whether or not da$a%es are an ade!uate re$ed& The Court will onl

    %rant the Injunction in circu$stances where da$a%es would not be su##icient&*5Trial courtshould reali+) 1T/ 9. M"(" Mohd" 2n3, AIR 0-0 SC >/+? '0-0( = SCR -) Tan2%ree9. 1shani +rasad, '=++;( >SCC 0? AIR =++; SC 0+0.

    ;

    http://www.cobbetts.com/OurServices/DisputeResolution/FactSheetInjunctionshttp://www.cobbetts.com/OurServices/DisputeResolution/FactSheetInjunctionshttp://www.cobbetts.com/OurServices/DisputeResolution/FactSheetInjunctions
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    re,ision would be entertainable under section **=&*?uch an order is not re,isable under section

    **= o# the Code o# Ci,il Procedure" or under Article --? o# the Constitution& *8

    An order on the injunction application does not dispose o# the suit& It also does not dispose o#

    that application either& In case the injunction application were to be rejected or allowed it woulddispose o# the application but such an order would be appealable and hence not open to re,ision&

    @owe,er" i# an e+ parte injunction is not %ranted and onl notice is issued on the injunction

    application it would not dispose o# the application as #inal orders on the injunction application

    are et to be passed a#ter in,itin% objections o# the opposite part and the injunction application

    re$ains pendin%&*6

    Interim ex parte orders of Injunction

    The power to pass interi$ ex parteorders o# injunction does e$anate #ro$ Order 36" Rule *& In

    #act the said rule is the repositor o# the power to %rant orders o# te$porar injunction with or

    without notice" interi$ or te$porar" or till #urther orders or till the disposal o# the suit&-7To

    appeal a%ainst the order passed in e+ercise o# the abo,e power 'as indicated in Order 53" Rule *

    o# the Code(" it is the choice o# the part a##ected b the a##ected part either to $o,e the

    appellate Court or to approach the sa$e Court which passed the ex parte order #or an relie#&-*

    Breach of injunction

    ection 65'c( and Rule -/A o# Order 36 pro,ide #or the conse!uences resultin% #ro$ a

    disobedience or breach o# an order o# injunction issued b the court& The penalt $a be either

    arrest o# the opponent or attach$ent o# his propert or both& @owe,er" the detention in ci,il

    %atya +ra&ash 9. *irst Addl 'istt Judge0 Etah AIR =++= A## 0;. c.6.;!" )agarathnamma 9. 'istrit +anhayat /ffier0 !hittoor, AIR 00 AP />=) (amini $ale+atra9. #onrahari +atra, AIR =++/ Or3 -.*6S.. Sar9ar3a an1 Sn3=/.=

    0

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    prison shall not e+ceed three $onths and the attach$ent o# propert shall not re$ain in #orce #or

    $ore than a ear&--

    Injunction on insufficient grounds

    :here in an suit in which an order o# te$porar injunction has been obtained b the plainti##

    on insu##icient %rounds" or where the suit o# the plainti## #ails and it appears to the court that

    there was no reasonable or probable %round #or institutin% it" on application bein% $ade b the

    de#endant" the court $a order the plainti## to pa such a$ount" not e+ceedin% #i#t thousand

    rupees" as it dee$s to be a reasonable co$pensation to the de#endant #or the e+pense or injur

    includin% injur to reputation caused to hi$&-3

    ase !a"s

    The object o# the interlocutor injunction is" to protect the plainti## a%ainst injur b ,iolation o#

    his ri%ht #or which he could not be ade!uatel co$pensated in da$a%es reco,erable in the

    action i# the uncertaint were resol,ed in his #a,our at the trial&-5

    Brant o# an interi$ relie# in re%ard to the nature and e+tent thereo# depends upon the #acts and

    circu$stances o# each case as no strait/jac0et #or$ula can be laid down&There $a be a situationwherein the de#endantrespondent $a use the suit propert in such a $anner that the situation

    beco$es irretrie,able& In such a #act situation" interi$ relie# should be %ranted&-=

    In &M& Deche$ td& Fs& Ms& Cadbur 'India( td&->it was said that the %rant o# te$porar

    injunction" is %o,erned b three basic principles" i&e& pri$a #acie case) balance o# con,enience)

    and irreparable injur" which are re!uired to be considered in a proper perspecti,e in the #acts

    ==

    R. =*A'() See a#%o Tayabbhai m" bagasarwalla 9. Hind Rubber 1ndustries 3+4 Ltd", '00( /SCC >>/? AIR 00 Sc =>+) +atel Ra,ni&ant 9. +atel !handra&ant" !"f" C. . TaB"an3, !ivil+roedure, -tE1. '=+(, Ea%tern ooB Co!7an8, L2cBno", 7 />=.=/S. 0, c.6. C. . TaB"an3, !ivil +roedure, -tE1. '=+(, Ea%tern ooB Co!7an8, L2cBno",77 />=*/>/.=>SeeAnand +rasad Agarwalla9. %tate of Assam vs" Tar&eshwar +rasad 5 /rs. AIR =++ SC=/-) an1 $ara& 6patya&a '"6" (armahari %anstha'=++0( SCC -0>(.=See M" #urudas 5 /rs"9. Rasaran,an 5 /rs"0AIR =++- SC /=) an1 %hridevi 5 Anr"9.Muralidhar 5 Anr"'=++( > SCC =.=-AIR =+++ SC =>. See a#%o Anan1 Pra%a1 A

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    and circu$stances o# a particular case& 2ut it $a not be appropriate #or an court to hold a $ini

    trial at the sta%e o# %rant o# te$porar injunction&

    In Col%ate Pal$oli,e 'India( td& Fs& @industan e,er td& -?"the upre$e Court obser,ed that

    the other considerations which ou%ht to wei%h with the Court hearin% the application or petition

    #or the %rant o# injunctions are as below.

    i& E+tent o# da$a%es bein% an ade!uate re$ed)

    ii& Protect the plainti##Gs interest #or ,iolation o# his ri%hts thou%h howe,er ha,in% re%ard to

    the injur that $a be su##ered b the de#endants b reason thereo# )

    iii& The court while dealin% with the $atter ou%ht not to i%nore the #actu$ o# stren%th o# one

    partGs case bein% stron%er than the others)

    i,& No #i+ed rules or notions ou%ht to be had in the $atter o# %rant o# injunction but on the

    #acts and circu$stances o# each case/ the relie# bein% 0ept #le+ible)

    ,& The issue is to be loo0ed #ro$ the point o# ,iew as to whether on re#usal o# the

    injunction the plainti## would su##er irreparable loss and injur 0eepin% in ,iew the

    stren%th o# the partiesG case)

    ,i& 2alance o# con,enience or incon,enience ou%ht to be considered as an i$portant

    re!uire$ent e,en i# there is a serious !uestion or pri$a #acie case in support o# the %rant)

    ,ii& :hether the %rant or re#usal o# injunction will ad,ersel a##ect the interest o# %eneral

    public which can or cannot be co$pensated otherwise&H

    In Dalpat u$ar Anr& Fs& Prahlad in%h Ors&-8"the upre$e Court e+plained the scope o#

    a#oresaid $aterial circu$stances" but obser,ed as under./

    The phrases prima facie case!, balance of convenience! and irreparable loss! are

    not rhetoric phrases for incantation, but words of width and elasticity, to meet myriad

    situations presented by man!s ingenuity in given facts and circumstances, but always is

    =AIR 000 SC /+.=;AIR 00/ SC =-.

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    hedged with sound exercise of judicial discretion to meet the ends of justice. The facts

    rest elo"uent and speak for themselves. #t is well nigh impossible to find from facts

    prima facie case and balance of convenience.$

    The Court in Manohar al Chopra Fs& Rai 2ahadur Rao Raja eth @ira al-6" held that the ci,il

    court has a power to %rant interi$ injunction in e+ercise o# its inherent jurisdiction e,en i# the

    case does not #all within the a$bit o# pro,isions o# Order 36 Code o# Ci,il Procedure&

    In Deoraj ,s& tate o# Maharashtra Ors&37" upre$e Court considered a case where the courts

    below had re#used the %rant o# interi$ relie#& :hile dealin% with the appeal" the Court obser,ed

    that ordinaril in e+ercise o# its jurisdiction under Art&*3> o# the Constitution" this Court does

    not inter#ere with the orders o# interi$ nature passed b the @i%h Court& @owe,er" this rule o#

    discretion #ollowed in practice is b wa o# just sel#/i$posed restriction& An irreparable injur

    which #orcibl tilts the balance in #a,our o# the applicant" $a persuade the Court e,en to %rant

    an interi$ relie# thou%h it $a a$ount to %rantin% the #inal relie# itsel#& The Court held as

    under./

    The Court would grant such an interim relief only if satisfied that withholding of it

    would prick the conscience of the court and do violence to the sense of justice, resulting

    in injustice being perpetuated throughout the hearing, and at the end the court would

    not be able to vindicate the cause of justice.$

    In the case o# ;& @o##$ann/A Roche ,& Cipla" the Appellants" Roche td&" the icensor o# a

    patent relatin% to the dru% Erlotinib used #or cancer treat$ent and OI Phar$aceuticals Inc&" the

    holder o# the patent o# the said dru%" had #iled an in#rin%e$ent suit a%ainst the Respondent"

    Cipla td& An application #or te$porar injunction durin% the pendenc o# the suit was #iled b

    the appellants" which was rejected b the in%le Jud%e and there#ore an appeal was #iled& As the

    Appellant #ailed to show pri$a #acie case and as the %rant o# injunction re%ardin% a li#e sa,in%

    dru% was not in #a,our o#public interest" the rejection o# the te$porar injunction was upheld

    b the Court&

    =0AIR 0-= SC =./+AIR =++> SC 0.

    =

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    onclusion

    The law on the issue e$er%es to the e##ect that interi$ injunction should be %ranted b the Court

    a#ter considerin% all the pros and cons o# the case in a %i,en set o# #acts in,ol,ed therein on the

    ris0 and responsibilit o# the part or" in case he loses the case" he cannot ta0e an ad,anta%e o#

    the sa$e& The order can be passed on settled principles ta0in% into account the three basic

    %rounds i&e& pri$a #acie case" balance o# con,enience and irreparable loss& The dela in

    approachin% the Court is o# course a %ood %round #or re#usal o# interi$ relie#" but in e+ceptional

    circu$stances" where the case o# a part is based on #unda$ental ri%hts %uaranteed under the

    Constitution and there is an apprehension that suit propert $a be de,eloped in a $anner that

    it ac!uires irretrie,able situation" the Court $a %rant relie# e,en at a belated sta%e pro,ided the

    court is satis#ied that the applicant has not been ne%li%ent in pursuin% the case&

    /

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    Bibliography

    Books

    && ar,aria and ni%dha ar,aria"%ulla&The Code of Civil 'rocedure" Fol& *" *?th

    Ed&" e+is Ne+is 2utterworths" New Delhi '-77?(&

    C& & Ta0wani" Civil 'rocedure" >thEd&" Eastern 2oo0 Co$pan" uc0now '-7**(&

    I& P& Masse"(dministrative )aw" ?thEd&" Eastern 2oo0 Co$pan" uc0now '-778(&

    Articles

    )itigating in India" Maj$udar Co&

    Websites

    http.indianlawcases&co$/Te$porarK-7Injunction

    http.www&lawis%ree0&co$injunction/an/e!uitable/le%al/re$ed

    http.www&cobbetts&co$Ourer,icesDisputeResolution;actheetInjunctions

    http.le%al/dictionar&the#reedictionar&co$TpesLo#LInjunction

    http.www&,a0ilno*&co$bareactsci,ilproceduresORDER999I9&ht$

    http.law&jran0&or%pa%es?>5?Injunction/Tpes/Injunction&ht$l

    >