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Terms and Names
Units 1 - 5
created by a group of investors to establish the
Jamestown colony in 1607
Virginia Company
Native American leader of the group by the same name who had uneasy peace with the
settlers in Jamestown
Powhatan
legislature created in Jamestown in
1619, first form of representative government in North America
House of Burgesses
uprising in 1676 against the royal governor led by Nathaniel Bacon
Bacon’s Rebellion
war, beginning in 1675, between
English colonists and Native
American’s led by Metacom
King Philip’s War
the prosecution and execution of 20
men and women for witchcraft in Massachusetts in
1692
Salem Witch Trials
colony established by
the Dutch in what is present-day New York City
New Amsterdam
economic theory that a country
should acquire as much gold and
silver as possible by exporting more
than it imports (sell more stuff
than buy)
Mercantilism
one leg of the triangular trade, also refers to the
forced transport of slaves from Africa
to America
Middle Passage
colonial inventor, printer, writer, and
statesman; contributed to the
Declaration of Independence and the Constitution
Benjamin Franklin
religious revival in the American
colonies in the 1730s and 1740s,
included preachers Jonathan Edwards
and George Whitefield
The Great Awakening
ended the French and Indian War, France gave up
all land in North America
Treaty of Paris (1763)
order by the British king that closed the region
west of the Appalachian
Mountains to all settlement by
colonists
Proclamation of 1763
groups that organized with the purpose of
encouraging the boycott of British
goods, responsible for the Boston Tea
Party
Sons and Daughters of
Liberty
groups who worked to coordinate
resistance to the British
throughout the colonies, sent
letters from city to city
Committees of Correspondence
pamphlet written by Thomas Paine and published in
January 1776, which called for
American independence from Britain
Common Sense
ended the Revolutionary War, Britain
acknowledged American
independence
Treaty of Paris (1783)
plan that established, in 1781, a limited
national government in the US, later
replaced by the Constitution
Articles of Confederation
an uprising against taxes in
Massachusetts in 1786 and 1787
Shays’ Rebellion
supporters of the Constitution during the debate over its ratification, favored
a strong national government,
included Alexander Hamilton and James
Madison
Federalists
opponents of the Constitution during
the debate over ratification, opposed
the concepts of a strong national
government, included Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, and James
Monroe,
Anti-Federalists
document written 1787 that determined how
western territories could become states, also served as a constitution for
the region
Northwest Ordinance
purchase by the US of the Louisiana
Territory from France in 1803
Louisiana Purchase
declaration by President
Monroe in 1823 that the US
would oppose efforts by any
outside power to control a nation in the Western
Hemisphere
Monroe Doctrine
effort, beginning in Britain in the late 1700s, to increase
production by using machines
powered by sources other than humans or animals, textile industry first to be
affected
Industrial Revolution
argument that it was the undeniable fate of
the US to expand across North America (People believed God wanted America to rule “from sea to
shining sea.”)
manifest destiny
an organized campaign to
eliminate alcohol consumption
temperance movement
movement to end slavery
abolitionist movement
the first women’s rights convention in US history, held
in 1848
Seneca Falls Convention
the right to vote
suffrage
devotion to one’s nation
Nationalism
1820 agreement calling for the admission of
Missouri as a slave state and Maine as
a free state, and outlawing slavery in future states to be created north of
36 degrees 30 minutes North
Latitude
Missouri Compromise
the powers that the Constitution
neither gives to the federal government
nor denies to the states
states’ rights
(states’ rightist - belief that the states are
superior to the national government)
amendment to an 1846 bill stating that slavery
would not be permitted in any of the
territory acquired from Mexico, though it
never became law, Northerners continued
to attach it to bills related to new
territories
Wilmot Proviso
agreement designed to ease
tensions caused by the expansion of
slavery into western territories
Compromise of 1850
1854 law that created these
states, allowed citizens to decide whether slavery to be allowed there,
AKA popular sovereignty
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Supreme Court case that decided slaves were not
citizens, declared Missouri
Compromise unconstitutional
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857
presidential decree by Lincoln
that freed all slaves in
Confederate-held territory
Emancipation Proclamation
Group of congressmen who
believed Civil War was fought over slavery
and insisted Reconstruction
should guarantee blacks equality,
wanted to punish the South for starting the
war
Radical Republicans
Program by the federal gov’t to repair the South
and restore southern states to
the Union
Reconstruction
First major federal relief agency, meant to help former slaves
Freedmen’s Bureau
16th President of the US, president during Civil War
Abraham Lincoln
President of the Confederate States
of America (the South)
Jefferson Davis
Commander of Union forces near the end of the Civil War, later became
18th president
Ulysses S. Grant
Commander of Confederate
forces
Robert E. Lee
railway extending from coast to coast, met at
Promontory Point, Utah in 1869
transcontinental railroad
founder of Standard Oil
Company, used horizontal
consolidation to dominate industry
John D. Rockefeller
a group of separate companies that are placed under the
control of a single managing board
trust
complete control of a product or
service
monopoly
inventor, developed the light bulb and
motion picture camera
Thomas Edison
founder of the American
Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers
laws, beginning in the 1890s, that
required segregation of
public services by race
Jim Crow
organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and
discrimination, to oppose racism, and to
gain civil rights for African Americans
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People
Supreme Court case in which the ruling of separate
but equal, legalized segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson
1894 railway workers’ strike
that spread nationwide, shut
down the railroads and disrupted the
delivery of the mail
Pullman Strike
Terms and Names
Units 6 - 10
writer and journalist who published The
Jungle, described the meat packing
industry in Chicago
Upton Sinclair
journalist who uncovers
wrongdoing in politics or business
muckraker
a process in which citizens can put a proposed new law
directly on the ballot in the next
election by collecting voters’ signatures on a
petition
initiative
procedure that permits voters to
remove public officials from office
before the next election
recall
process that allows citizens to approve
or reject a law passed by their
legislature
referendum
law passed in 1882 that prohibited
Chinese laborers from entering the country, but did
not prevent entry of those who had
previously established US
residence
Chinese Exclusion Act
President Theodore Roosevelt’s 1904 extension of the
Monroe Doctrine in which he asserted the
right of the US to intervene in the affairs
of Latin American nations
Roosevelt Corollary
movement of African Americans from the south to
the north in search of factory jobs and
a better life
Great Migration
1917 law that made it illegal to
interfere with the draft
Espionage Act
President Wilson’s proposal in 1918
for a postwar European peace,
included the League of Nations
Fourteen Points
intense fear of communism and other politically
radical ideas
Red Scare
production of goods in great
amounts
mass production
African American literary awakening
of the 1920s, centered in Harlem
Harlem Renaissance
the most severe economic
downturn in the nation’s history,
which lasted from 1929 to 1941
Great Depression
the collapse of the American stock market in 1929
Great Crash
term used to describe the central and
southern Great Plains in the 1930s
when the region sustained a period
of drought and dust storms
Dust Bowl
term used to describe a makeshift
homeless shelter during the early
years of the Great Depression
Hooverville
federal project to provide
inexpensive electrical power, flood control, and
recreational opportunities to the Tennessee River Valley
Tennessee Valley Authority
law passed in 1935 that aided unions
by legalizing collective
bargaining and closed shops, and
by establishing the National Labor Relations Board
Wagner Act
system established in 1935 to provide financial security,
in the form of regular payments,
to people who cannot support
themselves
Social Security System
term used to describe FDR’s relief, recovery, and reform programs designed to combat
the Great Depression
New Deal
1939 laws designed to keep the US out
of future wars, prevented the US
from selling weapons to
countries already at war
Neutrality Acts
pioneering automobile manufacturer in the early 1900s, made
affordable cars for the masses using assembly
line and other production techniques
Henry Ford
jazz musician famous for his long trumpet solos and
“scat” singing
Louis Armstrong
writer active during the
Harlem Renaissance
Langston Hughes
wrote the song “White
Christmas”
Irving Berlin
first lady 1933-1945, tireless worker for
social causes, including women’s
rights and civil rights for African Americans
and other groups
Eleanor Roosevelt
Louisiana politician in the
1930s, suggested redistributing
large fortunes by means of grants to
families, assassinated in
1935
Huey Long
1941 law that authorized the president to aid
any nation whose defense he
believed was vital to American
security
Lend-Lease Act
1942 WWII battle between the US
and Japan, a turning point in the war in the
Pacific
Battle of Midway
code name for the Allied invasion of Normandy, France
on June 6, 1944
D-Day
secret American program during
WWII to develop an atomic bomb, also
known as Los Alamos
Manhattan Project
program of American economic
assistance to western Europe following WWII
Marshall Plan
declared the US would support
countries threatened by communism
Truman Doctrine
American policy of resisting further
expansion of communism
around the world
containment
Republican senator from Wisconsin in the late 1940s and early 1950s, led a
crusade to investigate officials
he claimed were Communists,
discredited in 1954
Joseph McCarthy
dramatic increase in birthrate,
especially in the years following
WWII
baby boom
the first artificial satellite to orbit
Earth, launched by the Soviets in 1957
Sputnik
1954 Supreme Court case in which racial
segregation in public schools was
outlawed
Brown v. Board of Education
citizens’ personal liberties
guaranteed by law, such as voting and
equal treatment
civil rights
law that made discrimination
illegal in a number of areas, including
voting, schools, and jobs
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Pres. Johnson’s proposals for aid to public education,
voting rights, conservation and
beautification projects, medical
care for the elderly, and elimination of
poverty
Great Society
Federal program that provides low-
cost health insurance to poor Americans of any
age
Medicaid
Federal program that provides
hospital and low-cost medical
insurance to most Americans age 65
and older
Medicare
Rule that police officers must
inform persons accused of a crime of their legal rights
Miranda rule
Law aimed at reducing the barriers that
prevented African Americans from voting, in part by
increasing the federal
government’s authority to
register voters
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Attorney General under his brother,
Pres. John F. Kennedy, in the
early 1960s, assassinated while
running for president in 1968
Robert F. Kennedy
African American civil rights leader
from the mid-1950s until his
assassination in 1968, used
nonviolent means such as marches,
boycotts, and legal challenges to win
civil rights
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Athlete who in 1947 became the
first African American to play baseball in the major leagues
Jackie Robinson
Organization formed in 1966 to promote the full participation of
women in American society
National Organization of
WomenNOW
Union created by Cesar Chavez to
organize Mexican field hands in the
west
United Farm Workers
Scandal involving the break-in of the
Democratic National Headquarters, its cover-up and the
eventual resignation of President Nixon in
1974
Watergate Scandal
Peace treaty signed between Israel and Egypt, organized
by President Carter
Camp David Accords
Scandal in the Reagan
administration involving the use of money from secret Iranian arms sales
to support the Nicaraguan
Contras
Iran-Contra Affair
Agreement calling for the removal of trade restrictions
among the US, Canada, and
Mexico
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement
Supreme Court case which made
abortion legal
Roe v. Wade
Book written by Rachel Carson which brought attention to
the environment
Silent Spring
Biologist who wrote Silent
Spring
Rachel Carson
Organized the United Farm
Workers
Cesar Chavez