The 1950’sThe 1950’s

Chapter 28Chapter 28

Conflicts of the Cold Conflicts of the Cold WarWar

The Eisenhower EditionThe Eisenhower Edition

Section 1Section 1

The Race is ON!!!The Race is ON!!!

►Soviets freak out AmericansSoviets freak out Americans►SputnikSputnik – worlds 1 – worlds 1stst Artificial satellite Artificial satellite

in spacein space►SovietSoviet►Americans scared of its capabilities Americans scared of its capabilities

►American Satellite failed – VanguardAmerican Satellite failed – Vanguard►Space Race – 1Space Race – 1stst man in space man in space

►Soviets – Yari Gagarin Soviets – Yari Gagarin ►Project Mercury – 1Project Mercury – 1stst American American

Foreign PolicyForeign Policy

►Sec. of state – John Foster DullesSec. of state – John Foster Dulles Eisenhower main advisorEisenhower main advisor

►No more containment – attack if No more containment – attack if necessarynecessary Rely on NUKES – many times more Rely on NUKES – many times more

powerful than A-bombpowerful than A-bomb►Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles – Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles – ►Fear of nuclear warFear of nuclear war

The Big FearThe Big Fear►Why are people so scared of nuclear Why are people so scared of nuclear

war?war?► In the nuclear age, a minor crisis badly In the nuclear age, a minor crisis badly

managed could lead to all out war managed could lead to all out war

Crisis in the Middle EastCrisis in the Middle East►Arabs vs. IsraelArabs vs. Israel►Egyptian President takes control of Egyptian President takes control of

Suez CanalSuez Canal►Fighting between Egypt and IsraelFighting between Egypt and Israel►UN stepped inUN stepped in

Crisis in HungaryCrisis in Hungary

►Rebel revolt for new gov’tRebel revolt for new gov’t►New gov’t ordered all Soviet troops outNew gov’t ordered all Soviet troops out►Soviet take overSoviet take over►Eisenhower did not come in and helpEisenhower did not come in and help

Conflict in Southeast AsiaConflict in Southeast Asia►Former French colony - VietnamFormer French colony - Vietnam►Communist leader Ho Chi MinhCommunist leader Ho Chi Minh

Vietminh – rebel groupVietminh – rebel group

►Fighting broke out – French vs. Fighting broke out – French vs. VietminhVietminh No US helpNo US help

►Country SplitCountry Split North – Communist North – Communist South – French friendlySouth – French friendly

Conflict in Southeast Asia Conflict in Southeast Asia Cont....Cont....

►Domino TheoryDomino Theory – one country falls – one country falls others will followothers will follow EisenhowerEisenhower

►US gives aide to South VietnamUS gives aide to South Vietnam

Troubles in Latin AmericaTroubles in Latin America

►CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) overthrew possible communist gov’t in overthrew possible communist gov’t in GuatemalaGuatemala Anti-American feelings in Lat. Am.Anti-American feelings in Lat. Am.

►Fidel Castro – rebel leader in CubaFidel Castro – rebel leader in Cuba Supported by USSupported by US Turned out to be communistTurned out to be communist US cuts all ties with CubaUS cuts all ties with Cuba

Cold War “Thaws”Cold War “Thaws”

► Joseph Stalin dies, replaced by Nikita Joseph Stalin dies, replaced by Nikita Khrushchev Khrushchev

►Geneva Geneva SummitSummit – a meeting of gov’t – a meeting of gov’t leadersleaders Discussed unifying GermanyDiscussed unifying Germany Peaceful CoexistencePeaceful Coexistence – compete with each – compete with each

other but avoid warother but avoid war

►Friendship ended when US spy plane Friendship ended when US spy plane (U-2) was shot down over Russia (U-2) was shot down over Russia

1950’s Prosperity1950’s ProsperityChapter 28 Section 2Chapter 28 Section 2

Booming EconomyBooming Economy

►Gov’t SpendingGov’t Spending Housing, schools, welfare, roads, etc…Housing, schools, welfare, roads, etc…

►More Technology=Higher More Technology=Higher ProductivityProductivity►Produce more goods with the same amount of Produce more goods with the same amount of

laborlabor

►Computers – fill whole rooms, IBMComputers – fill whole rooms, IBM

Then

and

Now

Higher IncomesHigher Incomes

►Standard of LivingStandard of Living – peoples over all – peoples over all quality of lifequality of life

►Per Capita IncomePer Capita Income – average individual – average individual incomeincome $1,500 to $2,200 in 15 years$1,500 to $2,200 in 15 years

► Increased Increased affluenceaffluence - wealth - wealth

Baby Boom!!!Baby Boom!!!

►Baby BoomBaby Boom – quick population increase – quick population increase Population rises 20% (150 million to 179 Population rises 20% (150 million to 179

mill.)mill.)

►Factors for Baby BoomFactors for Baby Boom MoneyMoney No WarNo War Better Health CareBetter Health Care

►Stay at home momsStay at home moms►School enrollment UP!!!School enrollment UP!!!

Medical AdvancementsMedical Advancements

►Antibiotics and VaccinesAntibiotics and Vaccines Dr. Jonas Salk – Polio Vaccine, totally Dr. Jonas Salk – Polio Vaccine, totally

wiped out poliowiped out polio

POLIO

Expanding SuburbsExpanding Suburbs

►85% of homes are being built in the 85% of homes are being built in the suburbssuburbs – communities on the edge – communities on the edge of big citiesof big cities

►Mass produced housingMass produced housing►Affordable, Safe, sense of belongingAffordable, Safe, sense of belonging►Mostly whiteMostly white

A Nation on WheelsA Nation on Wheels

►Cars made suburban life possibleCars made suburban life possible A necessityA necessity

► Interstate HighwaysInterstate Highways►““Car Culture”, Drive Ins, Drive ThrusCar Culture”, Drive Ins, Drive Thrus

Air TravelAir Travel

►Early 1950’s – Jet engine perfectedEarly 1950’s – Jet engine perfected►The 1The 1stst airline was replacing the airline was replacing the

railroadrailroad

TelevisionTelevision

►1940 – 17,000 TV’s in America, 1960 – 1940 – 17,000 TV’s in America, 1960 – 90% of all homes had a TV90% of all homes had a TV

►Entertainment, Information and Entertainment, Information and AdvertisingAdvertising

►TV dinnersTV dinners► Influenced how people thought they Influenced how people thought they

should be livingshould be living

1950s TV

Rock ‘N’ RollRock ‘N’ Roll

►Mixture of Blues, Country, Gospel and Mixture of Blues, Country, Gospel and JazzJazz Faster Paced, Electric GuitarsFaster Paced, Electric Guitars

►Aimed at younger generationAimed at younger generation►Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Elvis – “The Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Elvis – “The

King”, the Beatles King”, the Beatles ►Generation Gap – differing attitudes Generation Gap – differing attitudes

towards musictowards music

POSTER PROJECTPOSTER PROJECT►Create a poster that advertises one of Create a poster that advertises one of

the new advancements in the 1950’sthe new advancements in the 1950’s Must includeMust include

►PicturePicture►SloganSlogan►2 to 3 sentence description of why it will 2 to 3 sentence description of why it will

change your life (Bullet Points are OK)change your life (Bullet Points are OK)►Must cover the entire page (full color)Must cover the entire page (full color)

Computer – Air Travel – Car – Suburbs – Mass Produced Housing – Television – Refrigerator – Electric Stove – Vaccines - Toaster – Electric Guitar

You can do an original one if approved by Mrs. Humphrey

Problems in Times of Problems in Times of PlentyPlenty

Chapter 28 Section 3Chapter 28 Section 3

Rural PovertyRural Poverty

►Large crop surplusesLarge crop surpluses► Industrial farmingIndustrial farming

New machines replacing peopleNew machines replacing people

►Small farms forced out of businessSmall farms forced out of business►African American workers forced northAfrican American workers forced north►HIGH demand for HIGH demand for syntheticsynthetic products products

Not natural or produced in a labNot natural or produced in a lab

Urban PovertyUrban Poverty

►““White Flight” – white people leaving White Flight” – white people leaving citiescities

►AutomationAutomation – producing goods with – producing goods with machinesmachines Less workers neededLess workers needed

►Some parts of cities turned into Some parts of cities turned into ghettosghettos Large population of minoritiesLarge population of minorities

People Fight BackPeople Fight Back

►The “problem” of The “problem” of materialismmaterialism – focus – focus on getting money and other stuffon getting money and other stuff

►““The Beats” – writers who spoke out The Beats” – writers who spoke out against American societyagainst American society Beatniks – followers of the beatsBeatniks – followers of the beats

►Betty Friedan – Betty Friedan – The Feminine MystiqueThe Feminine Mystique►African Americans begin to fight for African Americans begin to fight for

the the CIVIL RIGHTS that they deserve that they deserve

Writing AssignmentWriting Assignment

The 1950’s was a decade of ups and The 1950’s was a decade of ups and downs. In two paragraphs please downs. In two paragraphs please describe 3 positive and three negative describe 3 positive and three negative things that occurred during this great things that occurred during this great decade.decade.

Please use complete sentences and Please use complete sentences and proper spelling and grammar.proper spelling and grammar.